學(xué)考優(yōu)化指導(dǎo)2024年高中英語Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢGrammar課后篇鞏固提升新人教版必修5

Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢGrammar課后篇鞏固提升一、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(pollute)airandwatercanbeharmfultopeople’shealth.

答案Polluted2.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases(know)onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.

答案known3.Thewolfsaidinavoiceandtheoldmanfelt.(frighten)

答案frightening;frightened4.Theywerevery(interest)inthenovelwrittenbyMoYan.

答案interested5.Thisisoneoftheteachingbuildings(build)lastyearinourschool.

答案built6.Thewomanisan(experience)workerbecauseshehasbeenworkinginthisfieldfor20years.

答案experienced7.Shelikestodrinkcold(boil)waterinsummer.

答案boiled8.Hearinghispoorexamresults,hisparentswerevery(disappoint).

答案disappointed二、用方框內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空determinesatisfybreakkillwriteloseinjurespeakinspirepollute1.Oneofthepassengersintheaccidentwasmyfriend.

答案killed2.Whenwecamein,wesawtheglasseswere.

答案broken3.What’sthelanguageinGermany?

答案spoken4.Hetoldmethathiskeyswere.

答案lost5.Theyweretofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.

答案determined6.ThefirsttextbookforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

答案written7.Theyarewiththegirlsoldier,whohasfinishedherworkaheadoftime.

答案satisfied8.Theysentthepassengersintheaccidenttohospitalimmediately.

答案injured9.Mostpeopledon’trealisethattheyarebreathingair.

答案polluted10.Wewerebytheinspiringnews.

答案inspired三、單句改錯1.Thefallingleavesofthewoodcoverthegroundinfall.

答案falling→fallen2.Thegirldressinginredisfromabigcity.

答案dressing→dressed3.Hearingtheencouragednews,weallfeltproudofourcountry.

答案encouraged→encouraging4.MostofthescientistsinvitingtothepartywereAmericans.

答案inviting→invited5.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectingpersondied.

答案affecting→affected6.IhavebeentosomeEnglish-spokencountries.

答案English-spoken→English-speaking7.Thechildrenexaminingatthehospitalyesterdaywereseriouslyill.

答案examining→examined8.Shehadlittlesenseofdirection,sosheoftengotlosingwhenshewasout.

答案losing→lost9.Don’tyouknowthegirlwornaredskirt?

答案worn→wearing10.Itmadenotdogsknowingtomorepeople.

答案knowing→known四、完成句子1.他的小說受很多讀者寵愛,值得一讀。Hisnovelsarewellworthreading.

答案lovedbymanyreaders2.你相識坐在石頭上的男人嗎?Doyouknowtheman?

答案sitting/seatedonthestone3.那個被嚇壞的孩子突然放聲大哭。burstintotears.

答案Thatfrightenedchild/kid4.我能夠在給定的時間內(nèi)完成工作。Icanfinishtheworkin.

答案thegiventime5.他正在修理那扇被打破的窗戶。Heisrepairingthe.

答案brokenwindow五、完形填空(2024·全國Ⅰ高考)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They1withthemlotsofwaste.The2mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I’m4abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.

ThebestofaKilimanjaro10,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))inthespaceofafewkilometres.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000metres,14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metresisthehighland17:gravel(礫石),stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.

1.A.keepB.mixC.connect D.bring答案D解析由上文“每年大約有四萬人試圖攀爬乞力馬扎羅山”和下文“或許會破壞它的美感”可知,眾多的登山者帶來了很多垃圾。bringwith“帶來”。故選D項。2.A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案C解析由上文可知,每年約四萬人攀爬乞力馬扎羅山,擁擠的人群(及所帶來的垃圾)或許會影響它的美感。crowds“擁擠的人群”。故選C項。3.A.position B.ageC.face D.name答案C解析由上文可知,此處表示冰川正在消融,變更著乞力馬扎羅山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年齡”;name“名字”。故選C項。4.A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazy答案B解析依據(jù)上文講解并描述的乞力馬扎羅山的氣候環(huán)境變更和下文的“其他旅游景點被描述得更加純凈自然”可知,此處意為聽完這些故事,作者對乞力馬扎羅山的自然美景持懷疑看法。skeptical“懷疑的”;silent“緘默的”;serious“肅穆的”;crazy“瘋狂的”。故選B項。5.A.discover B.argueC.decide D.advocate答案A解析依據(jù)句首However表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知,與前面的描述不同,作者不久發(fā)覺了乞力馬扎羅山的美,故選A項。discover“發(fā)覺”;argue“爭辯”;decide“確定”;advocate“擁護”。6.A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stones答案C解析此處指的是自從乞力馬扎羅山上營地四周有成噸垃圾被報道后,狀況發(fā)生了很多變更。下文又接著講解并描述作者在營地和道路上看到了廁所,由此推知,上文中提到的報道指的是以前的營地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,現(xiàn)在干凈了很多。camp“營地”;equipment“裝備”;grass“草”;stone“石頭”。故選C項。7.A.remoteB.quiet C.tallD.clean答案D解析本句提到作者在營地和道路旁邊看到了很多廁所,與在報道中出現(xiàn)的垃圾堆中的營地迥然不同,干凈衛(wèi)生。故選D項。8.A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessary答案C解析前文提到了作者擔(dān)憂乞力馬扎羅山面臨的嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問題會毀壞它在人們心目中的美的形象。此處指的是面臨的環(huán)境考驗是自不待言的。significant“自不待言的”。故選C項。9.A.payingoff B.spreadingoutC.blowingup D.fadingaway答案A解析本句but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,雖然環(huán)境面臨著考驗,坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局做出的努力好像挺奏效。payoff“勝利,奏效,達(dá)到目的”;spreadout“綻開,鋪開”;blowup“爆炸”;fadeaway“漸漸消逝”。故選A項。10.A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sight答案B解析由上文其次段中的“...otherdestinationsaredescribedas‘purer’naturalexperiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看來,攀登乞力馬扎羅山的最佳體驗并不僅僅在于到達(dá)頂峰。11.A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regarded答案D解析由下文可知,乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被很多文化視為精神家園。beregardedas...“被視為……”。故選D項。12.A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purpose答案A解析本句進(jìn)一步說明上句內(nèi)容,為什么乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被很多文化視為精神家園。隨著人們在幾千米的空間內(nèi)穿過五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這種“觀點”尤其明顯。故選A項。13.A.scientists B.climbersC.locals D.officials答案B解析此處指攀登者可以在幾千米的空間內(nèi)穿過五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B項。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科學(xué)家”;local“當(dāng)?shù)厝?本地人”;official“官員”。14.A.holdingonto B.goingbacktoC.livingupto D.givingwayto答案D解析上文講到山腳處是雨林,它在3000米的地方突然結(jié)束,“讓位”給矮生植物。故選D項。givewayto“給……讓位”;holdonto“堅持”;gobackto“返回”;liveupto“達(dá)到”。15.A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permits答案A解析由上文可知,有五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng),所以再往上氣候又有變更。故選A項。16.A.match B.imagineC.count D.add答案C解析由上文可知,低云壓山,茂密的草叢覆蓋著山腰,本句則為從作者所站之處望去可以數(shù)到12種濃淡深淺的綠色。故選C項。17.A.village B.desertC.road D.lake答案B解析此處指的是4000米以上為高原沙漠環(huán)境。依據(jù)下文的礫石、石頭和巖石可知為類沙漠環(huán)境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村莊”;road“道路”;lake“湖泊”。故選B項。18.A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.Finally答案D解析由上文可知,作者已經(jīng)講了四種生態(tài)系統(tǒng):rainforest,lowgrowingplants,thickgrass,highlanddesert,還有最終的也是最冷的arctic-likezone(類北極地帶),故選D項。19.A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificial答案A解析本句意為“類北極地帶上方有永久的積雪和冰川,但它們可能不久后會溶化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“簇新的”;artificial“人造的”。故選A項。20.A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquire答案B解析文章最終作者發(fā)出感慨:一個人滿為患,破壞了原有安靜的乞力馬扎羅山還能名副其實嗎?“我”發(fā)覺恰恰相反。故選B項。六、七選五Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld’sgreatestinventions.Itwas,forexample,thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins,peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.1Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.

2In1200BC,peopleinChinabegantouseshells(貝殼)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances,andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.

Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention,manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.3

Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC,whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.4By500BC,metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece,andlaterintheRomanEmpire.

About1,000yearslater,leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina,andin806AD,thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.5

A.Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B.However,aseconomiesdeveloped,suchexchangesbecameimpractical.C.ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D.Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E.Astimewentby,tradebetweencountriesincreased.F.Duringthattime,forexample,buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.G.Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.答案1~5FBDGC七、語篇填空I’mnotsure1.ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2.topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe3.(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid4.(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel5.(challenge).

MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma6.(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching7.thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeeno