浙江省溫州市浙南聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期浙南名校聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷共10頁(yè)，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫(xiě)班級(jí)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫(xiě)在答題紙上，寫(xiě)在試卷上無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Writehisreport.B.Catchaflight.C.Handinhisreport.2.What'sLucygoodat?A.Teaching.B.Dressing.C.Cooking.3.Howmuchwillthewomanspendifshebuysthedress?A.￥1,700.B.￥1,000.C.￥700.4.Whydoesthewomanfeelsorry?A.Becausesherefusedtheman.B.Becausethemanhadanaccident.C.Becausesheruinedtheman'sparty.5.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Motherandson.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答6、7題。6.Whereisthemangoing?A.Hishome.B.Thesubwaystation.C.Theshoppingmall.7.Whattimeisitnow?A.6:10.B.6:45.C.6:55.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesthemanteachhismumvideochatting?A.Hewillworkabroad.B.Hewantstosavemoney.C.Hemakesherfashionable.9.Whatdoestheman'smumthinkoflearningvideochatting?A.Easy.B.Interesting.C.Hard.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howlonghasthemanplayedbasketballonthecityteam?A.Foroneyear.B.Forelevenmonths.C.Foreightmonths.11.Howistheman'spainting?A.Prettygood.B.Toobad.C.JustOK.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Hobbies.B.Sports.C.Arts.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatcanweknowaboutMaliaObamafromtheconversation?A.Shefollowedherparents'order.B.Shereadmanybooksinhighschool.C.HerfathergraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.14.WhatwillMaliadobeforegoingtouniversity?A.Takeoneyear'sbreak.B.Travelacrossthecountry.C.MakefriendsinHollywood.15.Whichuniversitydoesthemanprefer?A.YaleUniversity.B.OxfordUniversity.C.HarvardUniversity.16.Whatsubjectisthewomanpoorin?A.History.B.Math.C.Science.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhereistheChineseKiteFestivalheldthisyear?A.InChina.B.InSweden.C.InSwitzerland.18.What'stheweatherlikeduringthisyear'sFestival?A.Niceandclear.B.Coldandcloudy.C.Sunnyandhot.19.Whatgroupofpeopleareattractedbythefestival?A.Youngpeople.B.Peopleofmiddleage.C.Peopleofalmostallages.20.WhateventsdoestheFestivalhavebesidesflyingkites?A.Chinesepaintings.B.Chinesesongs.C.Chinesefilms.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AParisisoneofthemostimportantandinfluentialcitiesintheworld.Intermsoftourism,ParisisthesecondmostvisitedcityinEuropeafterLondon.EveryoneknowsallabouttheiconicsightsinParis,suchastheEiffelTowerandLouvreMuseum.Butwhataboutotherfactsthatyouraverageguidebookdoesn’ttellyou??EveryyeartheFrenchcelebratethestormingoftheBastilleprisoninParisonJuly14th1789.UsuallythejailheldpoliticalprisonersbutonthedaytheBastillewasstormedtherewereonly7prisonersinthejail,noneofpoliticalsignificance,andfourofthemhadbeenjailedforcheckforging(偽造支票).?ParisiscalledtheCityofLights.ButithasnothingtodowiththepowerusedtoilluminatetheEiffelTowerorthestreetlightsofthecity.Lightsinthiscase,meansintellectuals,referringtothehighconcentrationofwriters,artistsandacademicsthathavealwaysbeendrawntothecity.?ShakespeareAndpanyisthemostfamousEnglishlanguagebookshopinParisanditisnamedaftertheoriginalstore,ownedbySylviaBeach,whichpublishedJamesJoyce’sclassicnovelUlyssesin1922.NowithasbeenasalonforwritersandreadersinParisformorethanseventyyears.?Parisisacitywithalong,interestingbutsadlyabloodstainedhistory.Paris’Latinmottois“Fluctuatnecmergitur”meaning“Itistossedbythewaves,butdoesnotsink.”MoreinformationcanbegainedfromOnlinetravelguide@whatparis.1.WhatfactsaboutPariscanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Parisisthesecondmostpopulartouristcityintheworld.B.PrisonersintheBastillewereallofpoliticalsignificance.C.ParisiscalledtheCityofLightsbecauseofthepoweroftheroadlights.D.ShakespeareAndpanyisameetingplaceforwritersandreadersinParis.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Parishasalongandinterestinghistory. B.Pariswillneversinkintotheocean.C.Parisiansaretoughinfaceofchallenges. D.Parisiansaredrownedbyhugewaves.3.Thepassageismostlikelytakenfrom_______.A.Anewsreport. B.Atravelguide.C.Anadvertisement. D.Anannouncement.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇短文主要介紹了巴黎的一些鮮為人知的事實(shí)。除了著名的埃菲爾鐵塔和盧浮宮等標(biāo)志性景點(diǎn)外，文章提到了巴黎每年慶祝的巴士底日背后的真實(shí)囚犯情況，解釋了“光之城”稱(chēng)號(hào)的真正含義，介紹了莎士比亞書(shū)店的歷史及其在巴黎文化圈的重要性，并以巴黎的拉丁格言總結(jié)了這座城市悠久而充滿波折的歷史。最后，提供了獲取更多信息的途徑。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“?ShakespeareAndpanyisthemostfamousEnglishlanguagebookshopinParisanditisnamedaftertheoriginalstore,ownedbySylviaBeach,whichpublishedJamesJoyce’sclassicnovelUlyssesin1922.NowithasbeenasalonforwritersandreadersinParisformorethanseventyyears.(?莎士比亞公司是巴黎最著名的英文書(shū)店，它是以西爾維亞·比奇原來(lái)的書(shū)店命名的，這家書(shū)店于1922年出版了詹姆斯·喬伊斯的經(jīng)典小說(shuō)《尤利西斯》。七十多年來(lái)，它一直是巴黎作家和讀者的沙龍)”可知，莎士比亞公司是作家和讀者在巴黎的聚會(huì)場(chǎng)所。故選D。【2題詳解】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句上文“Parisisacitywithalong,interestingbutsadlyabloodstainedhistory.Paris’Latinmottois“Fluctuatnecmergitur”meaning”可知，巴黎是一個(gè)有著悠久、有趣但可悲的是充滿血腥的歷史的城市。巴黎的拉丁文格言是“Fluctuatnecmergitur”，意思是“它被海浪翻騰，但不會(huì)沉沒(méi)”。即巴黎人面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故劃線句意思是“巴黎人面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。閱讀全文以及根據(jù)第一段“Parisisoneofthemostimportantandinfluentialcitiesintheworld.Intermsoftourism,ParisisthesecondmostvisitedcityinEuropeafterLondon.(巴黎是世界上最重要、最有影響力的城市之一。在旅游方面，巴黎是僅次于倫敦的歐洲第二大旅游城市)”可知這篇短文主要介紹了巴黎的一些鮮為人知的事實(shí)。除了著名的埃菲爾鐵塔和盧浮宮等標(biāo)志性景點(diǎn)外，文章提到了巴黎每年慶祝的巴士底日背后的真實(shí)囚犯情況，解釋了“光之城”稱(chēng)號(hào)的真正含義，介紹了莎士比亞書(shū)店的歷史及其在巴黎文化圈的重要性，并以巴黎的拉丁格言總結(jié)了這座城市悠久而充滿波折的歷史。最后，提供了獲取更多信息的途徑。所以文章出自旅游指南。故選B。BIrisApfel,theinteriordesignerandfashiontastemaker,whofoundfameinher80s,hasdiedaged102.“Shewasforwardthinkingineverysenseoftheworldandsawtheworldthroughauniquelens.Shesawtheworldasakaleidoscope(萬(wàn)花筒)ofcolour,acanvasofpatternsandprints,”saidApfel’sagent,LoriSale.Bornin1921inQueens,NewYork,ApfelstudiedarthistoryatNewYorkUniversityandlaterattendedartschoolattheUniversityofWisconsin.HerfirstjobwasasacopywriteratWomen’sWearDaily.ShelaterworkedfortheinteriordesignerElinorJohnsonandalsotheillustratorRobertGoodman.In1948,shemarriedCarlApfel.TwoyearslatertheylaunchedthetextilepanyOldWorldWeaversandranituntiltheyretiredin1992.Asanoutstandingauthorityonoldfashionedfabrics(紡織物)Apfelgaveguidanceonrestorationprojects,includingworkattheWhiteHouse.ShewasthesubjectofseveralmuseumexhibitionsandmorerecentlystarredincampaignsforH&M,eBay,CitroenandevenhadaBarbiedollmadeinherlikeness.AmongthoseshowingrespectwastheUSdesignerTommyHilfiger,whopraisedApfelasan“innovatorandleader”intheworldoftextilesandstyle,saying“IrisApfelhasbeeaworldfamousfashioniconbecauseofherincredibletalentandamazingeffectonsomanypeoplewithherhugeheartandmagictouch.”In2005,herpersonalcollectionofdesigneraccessories(配飾)andclothesbecamethesubjectofanexhibitionattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYork.ItwasthefirsttimethattheMethadfocusedonalivingfemalewhowasmorethanadesigner.Inanotherfirst,Apfeldressedthemannequins(人體模型)herself,stylingtheminherownuniqueandmagnificentmanner.Whenaskedaboutagingina2018interview,Apfelsaid,“Iwouldn'twanttostoptheclock.No,thatwouldbesoboring.Itwouldbelikebeingcaughtinatimemachine.Idon’tlikethat.Ithinkvarietyisthespiceoflife.”4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Apfelsawtheworldthroughalensbecauseshewasfarsighted.B.ApfelsetupthetextilepanyOldWorldWeaversonherown.C.ApfelofferedsuggestionsonthewaytorestoretheWhiteHouse.D.Apfelwasthefirsttodressthemannequinsforthedesignindustry.5.WhywasApfelcalledan“innovatorandleader”intheworldoftextilesandstyle?A.Becauseshewasatalentedfilmstar. B.BecausemanyUSdesignerspraisedher.C.Becauseshehadagreatinfluenceonpeople. D.BecauseaBarbiedollwasmadeonherlooks.6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutApfelfromthelastparagraph?A.Shebelievesagingisfullofexcitement.B.Sheprefersbeingcaughtinatimemachine.C.Shewantstoexperiencedifferentstagesoffashion.D.Shethinksvarietyissignificantforameaningfullife.7.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Agingwithstyle B.GrowingwithtalentC.Livingwithpassion D.Workingwithdetermination【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。在80多歲時(shí)成名的室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師和時(shí)尚潮流引領(lǐng)者艾瑞斯·阿普菲爾去世，享年102歲，這位老人一生追求時(shí)尚與變化，不愿囿于時(shí)間和衰老，被稱(chēng)為紡織品和時(shí)尚界的“創(chuàng)新者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Asanoutstandingauthorityonoldfashionedfabrics(紡織物),Apfelgaveguidanceonrestorationprojects,includingworkattheWhiteHouse.(阿普菲爾是研究老式織物的杰出權(quán)威，她指導(dǎo)了包括白宮在內(nèi)的修復(fù)項(xiàng)目)”可知，阿普菲爾就如何修復(fù)白宮提出了建議。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“AmongthoseshowingrespectwastheUSdesignerTommyHilfiger,whopraisedApfelasan“innovatorandleader”intheworldoftextilesandstyle,saying“IrisApfelhasbeeaworldfamousfashioniconbecauseofherincredibletalentandamazingeffectonsomanypeoplewithherhugeheartandmagictouch.”(美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師湯米·希爾費(fèi)格也表示了敬意，他稱(chēng)贊阿普菲爾是紡織品和時(shí)尚界的“創(chuàng)新者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”，他說(shuō)：“艾瑞斯·阿普菲爾已經(jīng)成為世界著名的時(shí)尚偶像，因?yàn)樗兄豢伤甲h的天賦，用她那顆巨大的心和神奇的觸覺(jué)對(duì)這么多人產(chǎn)生了驚人的影響。”)”可知，阿普菲爾被稱(chēng)為紡織品和時(shí)尚界的“創(chuàng)新者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”是因?yàn)樗龑?duì)人們產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ithinkvarietyisthespiceoflife.(我認(rèn)為變化是生活的調(diào)味品)”可知，阿普菲爾認(rèn)為變化對(duì)于有意義的生活很重要。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenaskedaboutagingina2018interview,Apfelsaid,“Iwouldn'twanttostoptheclock.No,thatwouldbesoboring.Itwouldbelikebeingcaughtinatimemachine.Idon’tlikethat.Ithinkvarietyisthespiceoflife.”(在2018年的一次采訪中，當(dāng)被問(wèn)及衰老問(wèn)題時(shí)，阿普菲爾說(shuō)：“我不想讓時(shí)鐘停止。不，那樣太無(wú)聊了。就像被困在時(shí)光機(jī)里一樣。我不喜歡那樣。我認(rèn)為變化是生活的調(diào)味品?！?”和第一段第一句“IrisApfel,theinteriordesignerandfashiontastemaker,whofoundfameinher80s,hasdiedaged102.(在80多歲時(shí)成名的室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師和時(shí)尚潮流引領(lǐng)者艾瑞斯·阿普菲爾去世，享年102歲)”可知，文章主要是講艾瑞斯·阿普菲爾作為一名永遠(yuǎn)不服老、永遠(yuǎn)追求變化與時(shí)尚的著名室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師和時(shí)尚潮流引領(lǐng)者的人生經(jīng)歷。由此可知，Agingwithstyle(時(shí)髦地變老)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。CLandfillsareplaceswherealargeamountofwasteandotherrefuseisburiedintheground.Theyareresponsibleforreleasingalargeamountofplanetwarmingmethanegasintotheatmosphere,anewstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichwaspublishedinScienceAdvancesonWednesday,isaimedathelpinglocalgovernmentscarryouttargetedeffortstolimitglobalwarmingbyidentifyingareasofmajorconcern.Forthispurpose,thescientistsusedsatellitedatafromfourmajorcitiesaroundtheworld—DelhiandMumbaiinIndia,LahoreinPakistanandBuenosAiresinArgentina.Basedonthecollecteddata,thescientistshavedrawntheconclusionthatlandfillsarethethirdlargestsourceofmethaneemissions(排放)worldwide,afteroilandgassystemsandagriculture.Andfurtherinvestigationshowsthatthemethanereleasedfromthelandfillsisgeneratedfromthedeposition(分解)ofnaturalwasteinthem,likefood,woodorpaper.Methane,thoughonlyaccountingforabout11percentofgreenhousegasemissions,traps80timesmoreheatintheatmospherethanCO?.Scientistsestimatethatatleast25percentoftoday’swarmingisdrivenbymethanefromhumanactions.That’swhylandfillsarepartlytoblamefortheglobalwarming.JoannesMaasakkers,aleaderofthestudy,said,“Wefoundthattheselandfills,whicharerelativelysmallparedtocitysizes,areresponsibleforalargepartoftotalemissionsfromagivenarea.”Anotherscientist,EuanNisbet,whowasnotpartofthestudy,said,“Thisnewworkshowsjusthowimportantitistomanagelandfillsbetter,especiallyincountrieslikeIndiawherelandfillsareoftenonfire,resultinginawiderangeofdamagingpollutants(污染物).”Healsoaddedthatthenewersatellitetechnologyandonthegroundresearchmakeiteasierforresearcherstoidentify“whoispollutingtheworld”.8.Whydidthescientistscarryoutthestudy?A.Toreducetheemissionofthemethane. B.Tohelptheauthoritiescontroltheglobalwarming.C.Totestoutthenewsatellitetechnology. D.Toclarifywhichplacespeopleareconcernedabout.9.Whatdoweknowaboutmethanegasaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereexistsmethaneinfood,woodandpaper.B.Methanemakesupmostofthegreenhousegases.C.Moremethaneisreleasedfromlandfillsthanfromagriculture.D.MethanepreventsmoreheatintheairfromescapingthanCO?does.10.What’sEuanNisbet’sattitudetowardsthestudy?A.Favourable B.Concerned C.Unclear D.Doubtful11.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Methanecausesthetemperatureoftheearthtogoup.B.Satellitedatahelpidentifythesourceofthepollutants.C.Landfillsaretoblameforthereleaseofmuchmethane.D.Wasteandotherrefuseshouldbeforbiddenfortheirimpact.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，垃圾填埋場(chǎng)向大氣中釋放了大量使地球變暖的甲烷氣體。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了介紹?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thestudy,whichwaspublishedinScienceAdvancesonWednesday,isaimedathelpinglocalgovernmentscarryouttargetedeffortstolimitglobalwarmingbyidentifyingareasofmajorconcern.(這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在周三的《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上，旨在幫助地方政府通過(guò)確定主要關(guān)注的領(lǐng)域來(lái)進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的努力，以限制全球變暖。)”可知，科學(xué)家進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究是為了幫助政府控制全球變暖。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Methane,thoughonlyaccountingforabout11percentofgreenhousegasemissions,traps80timesmoreheatintheatmospherethanCO?.(甲烷雖然只占溫室氣體排放量的11%左右，但它在大氣中吸收的熱量是二氧化碳的80倍。)”可知，甲烷比二氧化碳更能阻止空氣中的熱量逸出。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句到最后一句“Anotherscientist,EuanNisbet,whowasnotpartofthestudy,said,“Thisnewworkshowsjusthowimportantitistomanagelandfillsbetter,especiallyincountrieslikeIndiawherelandfillsareoftenonfire,resultinginawiderangeofdamagingpollutants(污染物).”Healsoaddedthatthenewersatellitetechnologyandonthegroundresearchmakeiteasierforresearcherstoidentify“whoispollutingtheworld”.(另一位沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家尤安·尼斯貝特說(shuō)：“這項(xiàng)新工作表明更好地管理垃圾填埋場(chǎng)是多么重要，尤其是在像印度這樣的國(guó)家，垃圾填埋場(chǎng)經(jīng)常著火，導(dǎo)致各種有害污染物?！彼€補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，更新的衛(wèi)星技術(shù)和實(shí)地研究使研究人員更容易確定“誰(shuí)在污染世界”。)”可知，尤安·尼斯貝特對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究是持贊成態(tài)度。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Landfillsareplaceswherealargeamountofwasteandotherrefuseisburiedintheground.Theyareresponsibleforreleasingalargeamountofplanetwarmingmethanegasintotheatmosphere,anewstudysuggests.(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)是將大量廢物和其他垃圾埋在地下的地方。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，它們向大氣中釋放了大量使地球變暖的甲烷氣體。)”可知，文章主要是講垃圾填埋場(chǎng)是釋放大量甲烷的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。故選C。DPlayingMinecraft,avideogame,couldbekeytocreatingadaptable(可調(diào)試的)artificialintelligencemodelsthatcanpickupavarietyoftasksthewayhumansdo.StevenJamesattheUniversityoftheWitwatersrandinSouthAfricaandhiscolleaguesdevelopedatestwithinMinecrafttomeasurethegeneralintelligenceofAImodels.ThisMinePlannertestratesanAI’sabilitytoignoreunimportantdetailswhilesolvingaplexmultistepproblem.LotsofAItraining“cheats”bygivingamodelallthedataitneedstolearnhowtodoajobandnothingrelatedtoit,saysJames.FutureAImodelswillneedtodealwithconfusingproblems,andhehopesthatMinePlannerwillguidethatresearch.AIworkingtosolveaprobleminthegamewillseeeverythinginvolved,includingobjectsandotherdetailsthataren’tnecessarilyneededtosolveaproblemandmustbeignored.Itwillhavetosurveyitssurroundingsandworkoutbyitselfwhatisandisn’tneeded.Thevirtualtestconsistsof15constructionproblems,andeachonecanbeeasy,mediumandhard.Tofinisheachtask,theAImayneedtotakesomestepsinbetween,likebuildingstairstoreachacertainheight.ThismeanstheAIhastothinkaboutthewholepictureandplanwhattodonext.StateoftheartplanningAImodelswereunabletopleteanyofthetoughproblemsandtheyonlydoalittlebetterontheeasierones,suggestingthereisroomforimprovement.“Wecan’trequireahumandesignertoeinandtelltheAIexactlywhatitshouldandshouldn’tcareaboutforeachandeverytaskitmighthavetosolve,”saysJames.“That’stheproblemwe’retryingtoaddress.”12.WhyisplayingMinecraftimportantforcreatingadaptableAImodels?A.Becauseitofferstasksthatrequirehumanlikeability.B.BecauseitprovidesdifferentsituationsforAItraining.C.BecauseitisaneasygameforAItolearnandmaster.D.BecauseitisavideogamepopularamongAIscientists.13.WhatdoesJamesmeanbysayingthat“AItrainingcheats”?A.AImodelsaretrainedinadishonestway.B.AImodelsareonlytaughttoperformsimpletasks.C.AImodelsareofferedallthenecessarydataforatask.D.AImodelsaregivenwronginformationduringtraining.14.HowdidthestateoftheartplanningAImodelperforminthetest?A.Itsolvedallthe15constructionproblems.B.Itperformedpoorlyinhandlinghardtasks.C.Itwaspletelyunabletodealwithanytask.D.Itperformedexcellentlyinsolvingeasyproblems.15.WhatdoesJamesthinkAImodelsneedimproving?A.Adaptabeability. B.putingspeed.C.municativeskills. D.Dataprocessingpower.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。南非威特沃特斯蘭德大學(xué)的史蒂文·詹姆斯和他的同事們?cè)凇段业氖澜纭分虚_(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)測(cè)試，用來(lái)衡量人工智能模型的一般智能。這個(gè)MinePlanner測(cè)試評(píng)估人工智能在解決復(fù)雜的多步驟問(wèn)題時(shí)忽略不重要細(xì)節(jié)的能力。測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示最先進(jìn)的規(guī)劃人工智能模型在測(cè)試中在處理困難任務(wù)時(shí)表現(xiàn)不佳，人工智能模型需要改進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)處理能力?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“PlayingMinecraft,avideogame,couldbekeytocreatingadaptable(可調(diào)試的)artificialintelligencemodelsthatcanpickupavarietyoftasksthewayhumansdo.(玩視頻游戲《我的世界》可能是創(chuàng)造適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的人工智能模型的關(guān)鍵，這些模型可以像人類(lèi)一樣完成各種任務(wù)。)”可知，玩《我的世界》對(duì)于創(chuàng)造適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的AI模型很重要是因?yàn)樗峁┝诵枰祟?lèi)能力的任務(wù)。故選A。【13題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“FutureAImodelswillneedtodealwithconfusingproblems,andhehopesthatMinePlannerwillguidethatresearch.(未來(lái)的人工智能模型將需要處理令人困惑的問(wèn)題，他希望MinePlanner能夠指導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究。)”和第一句中的“bygivingamodelallthedataitneedstolearnhowtodoajobandnothingrelatedtoit(通過(guò)給一個(gè)模型提供它學(xué)習(xí)如何完成一項(xiàng)工作所需的所有數(shù)據(jù)，而不是與之相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù))”可知，詹姆斯說(shuō)“AI訓(xùn)練作弊”的意思是人工智能模型只被教導(dǎo)執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“StateoftheartplanningAImodelswereunabletopleteanyofthetoughproblemsandtheyonlydoalittlebetterontheeasierones,suggestingthereisroomforimprovement.(最先進(jìn)的規(guī)劃人工智能模型無(wú)法完成任何棘手的問(wèn)題，它們只在簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題上做得稍微好一點(diǎn)，這表明還有改進(jìn)的空間。)”可知，最先進(jìn)的規(guī)劃人工智能模型在測(cè)試中在處理困難任務(wù)時(shí)表現(xiàn)不佳。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Wecan’trequireahumandesignertoeinandtelltheAIexactlywhatitshouldandshouldn’tcareaboutforeachandeverytaskitmighthavetosolve,”saysJames.“That’stheproblemwe’retryingtoaddress.”(詹姆斯說(shuō)道：“我們不能要求人類(lèi)設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)告訴AI它在可能要解決的每一項(xiàng)任務(wù)中應(yīng)該關(guān)心什么，不應(yīng)該關(guān)心什么。這就是我們正在努力解決的問(wèn)題?！?”可知，詹姆斯認(rèn)為人工智能模型需要改進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)處理能力。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Unplugging(拔插頭)isoftenimpossible.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmostAmericanssaytheyspendtoomuchtimeontheirphones.___16___Fortunately,theanswerisyes.Startwithonesimplequestion.Knowthaturge(沖動(dòng))yougettoreachforyourphonewithoutrealizingit?Andthen,beforeyouknowit,youhavebeenabsorbedinthesocialmediaforhours?___17___Askingyourselfifyoureallyneedtodothisrightnowmayhelpyoupause,reflectonandresistthetemptation(誘惑)tocheckyourdevice.Takethe“mobile”outofyourmobiledevices.___18___Headoutforawalk?Turnoffyournotifications.Ifyou’refeelingbrave,trypoweringdownyourphone.Makingsureitwon’tbuzz(嗡嗡響)canhelpyoufocusontheworldaroundyou.ScheduletinytechbreaksExtendedvacationsfromyourdevicesmaynotbepossible.Butifyou’retryingtospendlesstimestaringatyourscreens,10or15minutebreaksmightbeamorepracticaloption.___19___Anothertrick:Puttechbreaksinyourcalendar.Itmayfeelstrangetoschedulesomethinglike“takeaphonefreewalk,”butitshouldn’tifit’sapriority.___20___.Tobuildahealthyrelationshipwithtechnology,youneedtobeincontrolofitandnottheotherwayaround.Thinkaboutyourdevicesastoolsthatyoudecidehowtouse.Makeitworkforyou,notagainstyou.Whetherit’sanemailprogramoryourdishwasher,it’stheintentionbehindhowyou’reusingitthatreallymakesthebigdifference.A.Useyourphonetodohousework.B.Makethetechnologyworkforyou.C.Isitpossibleforthemtostopusingphonesintheirdailylife?D.Youmighttakeaquickwalk,closeyoureyes,workonapuzzleorreadabook.E.Isitpossibletohaveahealthyrelationshipwithtechnologywhilestillusingitdaily?F.Ifyouwanttopeacefullycoexistwithtechnology,youneedtogetahandleonthaturge.G.Onewaytocreateharmonywithyourtechnologyistolimityourphoneusewhenyou’reonthemove.【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.D20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就和科技保持健康關(guān)系提出了一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Unplugging(拔插頭)isoftenimpossible.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmostAmericanssaytheyspendtoomuchtimeontheirphones.(拔掉插頭通常是不可能的。最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人說(shuō)他們花在上的時(shí)間太多了)”以及后文“Fortunately,theanswerisyes.(幸運(yùn)的是，答案是肯定的)”可知，本句提出了與使用有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。故E選項(xiàng)“在每天使用科技產(chǎn)品的同時(shí)，是否有可能與科技保持健康的關(guān)系？”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Knowthaturge(沖動(dòng))yougettoreachforyourphonewithoutrealizingit?Andthen,beforeyouknowit,youhavebeenabsorbedinthesocialmediaforhours?(你知道那種想要伸手去拿卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的沖動(dòng)嗎?然后，在你意識(shí)到之前，你已經(jīng)沉浸在社交媒體上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了？)”可知，上文提到了拿的沖動(dòng)，推測(cè)本句說(shuō)明如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況。故F選項(xiàng)“如果你想與科技和平共處，你需要控制住這種沖動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Headoutforawalk?Turnoffyournotifications.Ifyou’refeelingbrave,trypoweringdownyourphone.Makingsureitwon’tbuzz(嗡嗡響)canhelpyoufocusontheworldaroundyou.(出去散步？關(guān)掉通知。如果你有勇氣，試著關(guān)掉。確保不會(huì)嗡嗡作響可以幫助你專(zhuān)注于周?chē)氖澜?”可知，本段給出的建議是限制使用。故G選項(xiàng)“與科技產(chǎn)品和諧相處的一種方法是在移動(dòng)中限制的使用”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Extendedvacationsfromyourdevicesmaynotbepossible.Butifyou’retryingtospendlesstimestaringatyourscreens,10or15minutebreaksmightbeamorepracticaloption.(遠(yuǎn)離電子設(shè)備的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間假期可能是不可能的。但如果你想減少盯著屏幕的時(shí)間，休息10到15分鐘可能是一個(gè)更實(shí)際的選擇)”以及后文“Anothertrick:Puttechbreaksinyourcalendar.Itmayfeelstrangetoschedulesomethinglike“takeaphonefreewalk,”butitshouldn’tifit’sapriority.(另一個(gè)技巧是：在你的日程表上安排科技休息時(shí)間。安排“不帶散步”這樣的事情可能會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得奇怪，但如果這是優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，就不應(yīng)該這樣做)”可知，后文提到了另一個(gè)技巧，推測(cè)本句是在說(shuō)明第一個(gè)技巧，故D選項(xiàng)“你可以快速散步，閉上眼睛，做一個(gè)謎題或讀一本書(shū)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Tobuildahealthyrelationshipwithtechnology,youneedtobeincontrolofitandnottheotherwayaround.Thinkaboutyourdevicesastoolsthatyoudecidehowtouse.Makeitworkforyou,notagainstyou.Whetherit’sanemailprogramoryourdishwasher,it’stheintentionbehindhowyou’reusingitthatreallymakesthebigdifference.(要與技術(shù)建立健康的關(guān)系，你需要控制它，而不是相反。把你的設(shè)備想象成你決定如何使用的工具。讓它為你工作，而不是反對(duì)你。無(wú)論是電子郵件程序還是洗碗機(jī)，你如何使用它背后的意圖真的會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的不同)”可知，本段的建議是讓技術(shù)為自己工作，故B選項(xiàng)“讓技術(shù)為你工作”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Tucker’sadventurebeganinearlyNovember,whenMcCall,aretiredelectrician,spentthenightinahotelinthetownofCleveland,Tennessee.McCall’sbudgetwastight,andherheadwasfullofquestions.Inthe___21___twoyears,McCallhadlostherhusbandtocancer,andtheirgrandchildrento___22___.AndanaccidenthadleftMcCallpartiallydisabledand___23___towork.“Honestly,afterallthe___24___,Iwasreadytogiveup,”saysMcCall.“Ifithadn’tbeenforTucker,thecat,Idon’tthinkIwould’vemadeit.”McCallplannedtospendthenightinClevelandand___25___on.Butwhenshereturnedfrombreakfastthenextmorning,readyto___26___andhittheroadagain,thecatwasgone.Panicked(驚慌的),she___27___alongthebusyroadforhours,buthewas___28___tobefound.As___29___fell,McCallrealizedshehadtogo.Shecouldn’t____30____tostayanothernight.____31____,shegotinhercarandgotbackontheway.Thenextday,Lillard,27,wasjoggingjustdowntheroadfromthehotelwhereMcCallhadstayedwhenshespottedTucker.Shetookhimhome,certainhewassomeone’smissingfriend,and____32____hisstoryonFacebook.McCall,too,hadbeenpostingaboutTucker.Withinhours,someonemadethe____33____,andsoonMcCallwasonthephonewithLillard,hearingTucker’smeowsandsobbingwith____34____.Onemonthandahalflater,Tuckerwas____35____toMcCall,justintimeforChristmans.21.A.present B.precious C.previous D.preferable22.A.violence B.cancer C.joy D.revival23.A.unwilling B.unnecessary C.unable D.inconvenient24.A.diseases B.accidents C.injuries D.deaths25.A.ride B.drive C.walk D.run26.A.cleanup B.takeup C.pickup D.packup27.A.looked B.researched C.searched D.surveyed28.A.somewhere B.nowhere C.elsewhere D.anywhere29.A.dawn B.noon C.dusk D.night30.A.afford B.offer C.remain D.ensure31.A.Badtempered B.Heartbroken C.Helpless D.Homeless32.A.posted B.wrote C.blogged D.told33.A.touch B.apology C.connection D.announcement34A.sorrow B.panic C.satisfaction D.relief35.A.awarded B.delivered C.offered D.donated【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.A31.B32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了麥考爾在田納西州克利夫蘭鎮(zhèn)的旅館過(guò)夜時(shí)，她的貓塔克失蹤的故事。麥考爾在經(jīng)歷了一系列個(gè)人不幸后，經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)且身體部分殘疾，幾乎要放棄。但在利拉德的幫助下，通過(guò)社交媒體的力量，塔克最終在圣誕節(jié)前被找回，給麥考爾帶來(lái)了安慰和團(tuán)聚的喜悅?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在過(guò)去的兩年里，麥考爾的丈夫死于癌癥，孫輩死于暴力。A.present現(xiàn)在的，目前的；B.precious寶貴的，珍貴的；C.previous先前的；D.preferable更好的，更合適的。根據(jù)下文“McCallhadlostherhusbandtocancer”可知，是前兩年的事情。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在過(guò)去的兩年里，麥考爾的丈夫死于癌癥，孫輩死于暴力。A.violence暴力；B.cancer癌癥；C.joy開(kāi)心；D.revival復(fù)興。根據(jù)常識(shí)以及空前的“theirgrandchildren”可知，是死于暴力。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一場(chǎng)事故使麥考爾部分殘疾，無(wú)法工作。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.unnecessary沒(méi)有必要的；C.unable不能勝任的；D.inconvenient不方便的。根據(jù)空格前“AndanaccidenthadleftMcCallpartiallydisabled”可知，因?yàn)槭鹿?，所以她不能夠工作。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“說(shuō)實(shí)話，在經(jīng)歷了這么多死亡之后，我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備放棄了，”麥考爾說(shuō)。A.diseases疾病；B.accidents事故；C.injuries傷害；D.deaths死亡。根據(jù)前文“Inthe___1___twoyears,McCallhadlostherhusbandtocancer,andtheirgrandchildrento___2___.”可知，此處指的是經(jīng)歷了這么多死亡之后，她已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備放棄了。故選D。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：麥考爾打算在克利夫蘭過(guò)夜，然后繼續(xù)開(kāi)車(chē)。A.ride騎行；B.drive駕駛；C.walk步行；D.run跑步。根據(jù)后文“___11___,shegotinhercarandgotbackontheway.”可知，此處指的是麥考爾計(jì)劃在車(chē)?yán)镞^(guò)夜，然后繼續(xù)開(kāi)車(chē)。故選B。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但第二天早上，當(dāng)她吃完早餐回來(lái)，準(zhǔn)備收拾東西再次上路時(shí)，貓不見(jiàn)了。A.cleanup清理；B.takeup占據(jù)；C.pickup撿起；D.packup收拾行李。根據(jù)常識(shí)以及空格的“hittheroadagain”可知，此處指的是收拾行李。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她驚慌失措，沿著繁忙的道路找了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，但是沒(méi)有找到他。A.looked看；B.researched研究；C.searched搜尋；D.surveyed調(diào)查。根據(jù)前文“thecatwasgone”可知，此處指的是尋找貓。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她驚慌失措，沿著繁忙的道路找了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，但是沒(méi)有找到他。A.somewhere某地；B.nowhere沒(méi)有地方；C.elsewhere其他地方；D.anywhere任何地方。根據(jù)下文“McCall,too,hadbeenpostingaboutTucker.”可知，說(shuō)明她在哪里都找不到貓。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：夜幕降臨時(shí)，麥考爾意識(shí)到她必須走了。A.dawn黎明；B.noon中午；C.dusk黃昏；D