英語句子種類

EnglishGrammar

Sentences

cherry

英語句子的種類(按交際用途）陳述句（說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一個(gè)看法，有肯定式和否定式，語序是主語在前，謂語在后。）疑問句(一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句)祈使句

(表達(dá)命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、勸告等，用原形)英語句子的種類(按交際用途）感嘆句（由what或how引導(dǎo)的，表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅）THERE-BE存在句英語句子的種類(按結(jié)構(gòu))簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentence)并列句

(compoundsentence)復(fù)合句(complexsentence)I、句子種類（按交際用途分）陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、THERE-BE存在句1、陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4、感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!II、句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分）簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句二、句子類型1、簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，個(gè)個(gè)成分都是單詞或短語的句子。AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Vt（及物動(dòng)詞）系動(dòng)詞Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）英語句子基本成分示意圖簡(jiǎn)單句（SimpleSentences）就是只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的,只要把這些基本句型弄清楚,你就會(huì)游刃有余了Ilikethegoldeneagle.Ithasahookedbeak.Itlooksstrong.Itislovely.SSSSVVlinkingverbs(系動(dòng)詞)DODOP（表語)PredicativeV→1.S+V(lv)+P主語+謂語(系動(dòng)詞)+表語系動(dòng)詞表語表語:表示主語是什么(身份)或者怎么樣(處于什么狀態(tài))be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/…是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound

/…看/感覺/嘗/聞/聽起來(上去)become/turn/get/grow

/…變得常見的連系動(dòng)詞1.表示感覺的動(dòng)詞5個(gè)---翻譯為…起來feel感到

excited;smellgood;tastedelicious;soundinteresting;lookhappy2.表示變化的動(dòng)詞：有固定的搭配getsmaller;growolder;becomestronger;turnyellow;gobad;cometrue3.表示狀態(tài)保持的動(dòng)詞：stayhealthy;keepwarm;remain保持be(am,is.are,was,were)是；seem似乎必須是這三類專門的詞，而且必須表達(dá)這個(gè)特殊的含義時(shí)才是系動(dòng)詞。Wecalltheman‘David’.azookeeperSVDOOC(賓補(bǔ))ObjectComplementSVDOOCSVDOOCImakehimangry.HetellsustoprotectthebirdsDavidS+V+DO+OC主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)WecallthemanDavidDOOC1僅僅使用主謂賓無法說明完整句意必須添加補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)充說明賓語情況判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是在DO和OC中間可否加be動(dòng)詞S+V+DO+OC主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)句型themanis就是是否存在邏輯上的主系表關(guān)系David此處為名詞賓補(bǔ)可接名詞賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有call/elect/name/find…HetellsustoprotectthebirdsDOOC1僅僅使用主謂賓無法說明完整句意必須添加補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)充說明賓語情況就是我們常見的動(dòng)詞+sb+todo詞組

主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)句型簡(jiǎn)稱主謂賓補(bǔ)此處為帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)Hetellsustoprotectthebirds.常見的可接帶to不定式賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell,ask,want,wouldlike,wish,teach,invite…V+O+OC(Vsbtodosth)Mydeskmateoftenmakesmelaugh.常見的可接不帶to不定式當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：一感二聽三讓五看”feel,/hear,listento,/let,make,have,/lookat,see,,watch,notice,observeV+O+OC(Vsbdosth)Hekeepsmewaiting.常見的可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：Keep和see,hear,feel,watch,find…V+O+OC(Vsbdoingsth)Hespokeloudlytomakehimselfheard.常見的可接動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：Have,make,get,see,hear,feel,watch,find…V+O+OC(Vsbdone)Canyouhearsomeoneplayingbasketballnextdoor?Hecamehomeatmidnightandfoundhismoneystolen.VsbdoneVsbdoingsthweshouldn’tgiveanyfood.thebirdsSVDO（直接賓語)DirectobjectIO(間接賓語)IndirectObjectHetellsmesomerules.IOVSDOsb.Sth.S+V+IO+DO主+謂+間賓+直賓句型IpassHeboughthimabookhissonapresent.IODOIODOtofor雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個(gè)賓語，判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可否將兩個(gè)賓語順序替換并加介詞to/forS+V+IO+DO主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語加to:bring/give/offer/pass/show/sell/tell/send/lend/return/hand加for:buy/choose/draw/make/order/paint/sing/save()1.Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.()2.Wepaintedthewallwhite.()3.Heaskedmetogoswimmingwithhim.()4.OnSundaymanypeoplehaveawalkinthepark.()5.MaryandLynnliveinTaiyuan.()6.Hedideverythingtohelpthepoor.()7.Jennyboughtawatchforhim.練習(xí):下列句子分別屬于哪一基本句型

二、句子類型2、并列句包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等來連接。Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Don’tbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.常用并列連詞

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列連詞:轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:

選擇并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,whenfor,so,therefore,thusor,otherwise,either…or1.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforharvesting,________everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.2.Heisabasketballfan,____hiswifeisavolleyballfan.3.Honeyissweet,_____thebeestings.4.Don’tbelate,______thereisameeting.5.Hurryup,____you’llbelate.6.Heworkshard______hisbrotherisalazybone.7.HewasenjoyinghisKFC_____afriendcame.練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空soandbutfororwhilewhen二、句子類型3、復(fù)合句復(fù)合句的某個(gè)成分，如主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、狀語等，由另一個(gè)句子承當(dāng)。（1）名詞性從句

主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。賓語從句注意事項(xiàng)：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)、語態(tài)。主語/表語/同位從句注意事項(xiàng)：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、語態(tài)。注意：1、名詞性從句由什么引導(dǎo);2、whether與if的區(qū)別；3、連接代詞有無-ever的區(qū)別；4、同位從和定從的區(qū)別。賓從的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.

Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.

當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．I、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：that（無意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分

what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語從句，而____________________等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho,what二、句子類型3、復(fù)合句

（2）定語從句=先行詞+引導(dǎo)詞+其它。引導(dǎo)詞的選用取決于：1）先行詞；2）引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中的成分；3）確定引導(dǎo)詞。注意：定語從句中的主謂一致；Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.3、復(fù)合句(3)狀語從句即用作狀語的分句二、句子類型狀語從句=主句+連接詞+從句連接詞的選用取決于：1）搞清楚主從句的邏輯關(guān)系；2）確定連接詞。二、句子類型3、復(fù)合句

4）并列復(fù)合句即并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句

簡(jiǎn)單句

并列句

二、將下列各組句子合并成并列復(fù)合句或主從復(fù)合句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.1.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.2.Ourteachermustbeathome.Thedoorisopen.2.Ourteachermustbeathome,forthedoorisopen.

3.⑴Asatelliteisanobject.⑵Asatelliteiseithernaturalorman-made.⑶Asatellitetravelsinanorbitroundanotherobjectinspace.3.Asatelliteisanobject,eithernaturalorman-made,whichtravelsinanorbitroundanotherobjectinspace.4.⑴Therewasonceafamousdetective.⑵HewasnamedSherlockHolmes.⑶HelivedinLondon.⑷Thetimewasattheendofthenineteenthcentury.5.TherewasonceafamousdetectivenamedSherlockwholivedinLondonattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Hisparentsweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem__