初三英語語法專題 .名詞

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載【課前檢測】1.Theyarefrom______.They've______.A.Germany;GermansB.Germans;GermanyC.German;GermanyD.Germany;Germen2.---Doyoulike______?---No.Ipreferrose,thecolorofyourdress.A.orangeB.orangesC.carrotD.carrots3.Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein______time?A.20years'B.20yearC.20-years'D.20-years4.Atnightthekoalabeargetsupandeats______.A.leafB.leavesC.leafsD.leaies5.Itisover______fromShijiazhuangtoBeijing.A.threehours'driveB.threehour'sdriveC.threehours'drivesD.threehoursdrive6.Thisis______bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne'sandJane'sC.Anne'sandJaneD.AnneandJane7.The______parkwillopennextweek.A.children'sB.childrens'C.children8.Jennyshouldtakemore______,becauseshewasalwaysbusydoingher______atthedesk.A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercisesC.exercise;exercisesD.exercises;exercise9.---Excuseme,whereare______offices?---Overthere.A.teacher'sB.teachers'C.theteacher'sD.theteachers'10.____facetothesouth.

A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.Theroom'swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom一、名詞的定義Miketoydogschoolmanlove表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念等的名稱的詞。名詞的功能1)作主語ThewhitesaregoingtoBeijing.Tendayshaspassed.Howmuchisthispairofshoes?Therearetwopiecesofbreadontheplate.TomwithhisparentsgoestotheDisneylandeverySunday.2)作賓語Iliketoplaybasketballwithmyclassmatesverymuch.3)作介賓ShewasdancingwithadogcalledMimi.4)作表語SongChengxianismyfavoriteactorallthetime.5)作定語Theseareappletrees.asportsmeetingaclothesshopastudentteacher6)作定語ThisismyEnglishteacher,MrLi.7)名詞所有格Jack’sshirtthewallofthebedroomsomefriendsofJack’ssomebooksofminethekeytothedooraticketformovie名詞的分類1.簡單名詞:boygirltoybox名詞復合名詞:classroombirthdaymoonlight2.個體名詞：girl,factory,desk,cat,country可數(shù)普通集體名詞：people,police,team,clothes,group,crew名詞物質名詞：食品→bread,pork,cheese,chicken飲料→milk,water,Coke不可數(shù)自然物→sand,soil,fog名詞抽象名詞：fun,health,happiness,courage,love,care1)人名、地名、國家名JimQingdaotheSummerPalaceJapan專有2)機構、組織、團體名RedCrossSocietyofChinaWTOWHO名詞3)星期、月份、節(jié)日名SaturdayNovemberChristmasDay4)電影、書名、學科名TheSoundofMusicPrideandPrejudiceEnglish名詞的數(shù)的用法名詞有單數(shù)與復數(shù)之分，中考中對名詞數(shù)的考查多是針對名詞復數(shù)而言的。1.可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)1)規(guī)則變化構成方式例詞一般情況加-scake→orange→student→以s,x,ch,sh結尾的加-shbox→watch→class→以輔音字母加y結尾的去y加-iesparty→family→baby→以元音字母加y結尾的加-sboy→toy→day→以f(e)結尾的去f(e)+-vesleaf→thief→knife→直接+sbelief→proof→roof→以o結尾的+eshero→potato→tomato→+sphoto→piano→radio→【巧學妙記】巧記f(e)結尾的名詞之復數(shù)變化?直接+s：證據(jù)顯示，懸崖、海灣、屋頂、農(nóng)奴相信首領。(proof,cliff,gulf,roof,serf,belief,chief)?去f(e)+ves：小偷妻子掃葉忙，架后發(fā)現(xiàn)亡命狼，命刀一下砍兩半，留作晚上做羹湯。(thief,wife,leaf,shelf,life,wolf,knife,half)巧記以o結尾名詞復數(shù)加-es的單詞?黑人英雄愛吃芒果、土豆、西紅柿。(Negro,hero,mango,potato,tomato)不規(guī)則變化構成方式例詞改變名詞中元音字母man→foot→tooth→改變名詞詞尾child→mouse(老鼠)→單復同形Chinese→deer→yuan→某國人的復數(shù)Japanese→Englishman→German→合成詞的復數(shù)以man/woman作第一部分的，都變，否則，后變mandoctor→womandoctor→girlclassmate→appletree→中間無連字符或間隔的，后變girlfriend→boyfriend→storyteller→中間有連字符或間隔的，前變passer-by→looker-on→son-in-law→復合詞中無名詞的，最后動詞后+sgrow-up→has-been(過時的人)→hang-up(麻煩，問題)→只有復數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,stockings,socks形復實單maths,physics,politics,news【巧學妙記】各國人變復數(shù)：中日瑞不變,英法荷變，其余s加后面。Chinese,Japanese,Swiss單復數(shù)同形；Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman中man變?yōu)閙en；其余各國人，如German,American,Indian等均在后面直接加-s。單復數(shù)同形：中日養(yǎng)(羊)魚鹿有方法。Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish,deer,means.(注：fish表示魚的種類時，其復數(shù)形式是fishes)集體名詞的復數(shù)變化?形單實復的：人們在路上驅趕家禽與牛群，遇上警察民兵在維護治安，卻見旁邊一僧人在為死去的害蟲祈禱(people,poultry,cattle,police,militia,clergy,vermin)?可單可復的：family,class,crew(船員),audience(聽眾),government,group,team等。當這些名詞指整體時，視為單數(shù)；指組成集體的各個成員時，則視為復數(shù)。Herfamilyisgoingtomove.Herfamilyarefootballfans.不可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)有兩種表達方式:1)some,any,no,abit,alittle等修飾語+不可數(shù)名詞somewater/milk2)基數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞(數(shù)詞決定量詞單/復數(shù)形式)aglassofwatertwoglassesofmilkthreeboxesofpears中考?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞：information,weather,news,advice,fun等?！拘≡嚺５丁繉懗鱿铝忻~的復數(shù)形式1.teacher______2.wish______3.name______4.orange______5.number______6.apple______7.bus_______8.eraser_______9.photo_______10.tomato______11.country_____12.friend_______13.knife______14.foot________15.boy_______16.mouse______17.toy_______18.factory_______19.family_____20.monkey_____將下列詞組譯成英語：1.一群孩子_________________2.兩箱子蘋果_______________3.一副眼鏡_________________4.三張紙___________________5.四瓶橘汁_________________6.五杯茶___________________五、名詞的格的用法名詞的格名詞+’/’s結構所有格一般詞尾+’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbooks復數(shù)名詞以s結尾的+’theteachers’office,thetwins’dad不以s結尾的+’sthechildren’stoys所有關系各自的各自+’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblem共有的最后+’sLucyandLily’sroom表“某人家、店鋪”，所有格后名詞省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,myuncle’stheteachers’of結構所有格無生命的事物常用of結構表示所屬關系thewindowofclassroomapictureofthewall名詞的定語較長時，有生命的事物也可用of結構alongstoryofa50-year-oldmanthestruggleofthepoor雙重所有格名詞+of+名詞所有格ThisisanarticleofLuXun’sHeisafriendofminehis/hers名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞特殊情況一些表距離、時間等無生命的東西的名詞所有格tenminutes’walkthreedays’holidaytoday’snewspaperfor:aticketforthemovieacheckfor￥1500to:thekeytothedooranswerstothequestions小試牛刀1.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.

A.hour

B.hours

C.hour’s

D.hours’2.Themotheroverthereis____mother.

A.JuliaandMary

B.JuliaandMary’s

C.Julia’sandMary’s

D.Julia’sandMary3.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.A.twoweeks

B.two-weeks

C.twoweeks'

D.twoweek's4.Thisletterwassentby____.A.myfatherfriend

B.myfatherfriend’s

C.afriendofmyfather’s

D.afriendofmyfather5.Thisis___reading-room.A.theteacher’sB.teacher’sC.teacher’sD.theteachers’六、名詞的修飾語1)修飾可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有these,those,few,afew,many,agood[great]many,agreat[good]numberof

等。Fewpeoplewouldagreewiththis.

Hehasagreatmanyfriendshere.

【注】agood[great]many

后直接跟名詞，不用介詞of。但是，若其后所接名詞有the,these,my

等限定詞修飾，則要用介詞of：agreatmanyofmyfriends

修飾不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有this,that,little,alittle,abitof,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof

等。Ihavelittletimetodoit.Hedidn’tgivememuchmoney.

Agreatdealofmoneyisspentonresearch.

【注】在現(xiàn)代英語中，agreatamountof

后有時也接可數(shù)名詞，但有許多語法學家反對，學生最好避免使用。修飾可/不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有all,some,enough,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,a(large)quantityof

等Youneedn’thurry.There’slotsoftime.

Therearelotsofmenoutofwork.

Weneedaquantityofbaskets.

Heputasmallquantityofsugarinthemilk.

【重難點例題啟發(fā)與方法總結】1.--Ihavegreat

______infinishingtheworkbymyself.Couldyouhelpme?--Noproblem.

A.fun.

B.success.

C.advice.

D.difficulty.

【答案】D.

【解析】考查名詞的含義用法和固定短語的用法。fun是“開心，快樂”，success.是“成功”，advice是“建議”，difficulty是“困難”，根據(jù)句意“我靠我自己來完成這項工作有很大的困難，你能幫助我嗎？沒問題?！?，havedifficultyindoingsth.意為“做某事遇到了困難”，所以選D。

2.I’msohungry.Pleasegiveme_________

toeat.

A.threebread

B.threepiecesofbread

C.threepiecesofbreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的表示。句意為：我非常餓，請給我三片面包吃。Bread為不可數(shù)名詞，不能用數(shù)詞直接來修飾，同時不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，故選B。3.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—Err,Iwantaglassofmilk,somebreadand_________.

A.somechickens

B.anychickens

C.somechicken

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞的用法。chicken當雞肉講為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式，故答案為C。

4.Therearetwo_______andone_______onthetable.A.apple;bananaB.apples;bananaC.apples;bananas【解析】選B?？疾槊~的數(shù)。數(shù)詞two后應該跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式,apple的復數(shù)形式為apples，而banana則用單數(shù)，即不變。故選C。5.______fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.

A.JackandMike’s

B.Jack’sandMike’s

C.JackandMike

D.Jack’sandMike

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞所有格的用法。句意：杰克和邁克的爸爸不能去開班會，因為他們已經(jīng)去做生意的了。名詞所有格如果表示兩個人共同的父親時只在最后一人名上用所有格形式，如果表示各自的父親，那么每一個人名都要用所有格形式。根據(jù)fathers用了復數(shù)，所以，此處指杰克和麥克各自的父親，故選B。

6.Lookatthemanoverthere.Heis_____uncle.

A.Jim’sandTim’s

B.Jim’sandTim

C.JimandTim

D.JimandTim’s

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞所有格。句意為：瞧那邊那個人。他是________是叔叔/舅舅/大伯。A表示吉姆和提姆各自的叔叔，后面要用復數(shù)名詞；B不存在這種表達法；C人名不可直接作定語；D表示吉姆和提姆的叔叔，是兩人共同的叔叔，后用單數(shù)名詞。故選D。

7.—Howfarisyourcousin'shomefromhere?—It'sabouttwo_______ride.

A.hour's

B.hours

C.hours'

D.Hour

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞的用法。根據(jù)題意：大約兩個小時的車程。復數(shù)名詞的所有格,twohours'ride，所以選擇答案C。

8.Justsearchtheinternet,youcangetalmostallthe______youneed.

A.informations

B.information

C.picture

D.story

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞。句意：上網(wǎng)搜一下，你就能得到你需要幾乎所有的信息。information，信息，不可數(shù)名詞。故選B。

9.Isawsome________and________dancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.

A.Germen;Englishmen

B.Germans;Englishmans

C.Germans;Englishmen

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)形式。句意：前天我看到一些德國人和英國人在街上跳舞。復數(shù)形式：德國人：Germans;英國人：Englishmen，所以選擇答案C。10.Couldyoupleasegivesome_______tothe_______teachers?A.advice;manB.advices;menC.suggestion;manD.suggestions;men【解析】選D?？疾槊~的數(shù)及語法功能。advice作“建議”講是不可數(shù)名詞，suggestion作“建議”講是可數(shù)名詞，故可排除B、C項；man作定語時，其形式與所修飾的名詞數(shù)的形式保持一致，故選D?！局仉y點關聯(lián)練習鞏固與方法總結】【演練場】一、寫出下列詞的復數(shù)1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______4.baby______5.boy______6.my______7.his_______8.knife______9.watch______10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____13.German________14.Chinese_________二、單項選擇()1.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an______andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.advice C.idea D.news()2.Lookattheflowers!Theyareindifferent_______:red,yellow,pink…A.colors B.sizesC.pricesD.names()3.–I’dlike______grapesandpears.–Oh,Ionlyneed______orangejuice.A.some;afew B.afew;someC.alittle;few D.alittle;afew()4.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—________,please.A.Rice B.Meat C.WaterD.Bread()5.--Youlookveryyoung,Mrs.Green.Couldyoutellmehowoldyouare?--Oh,sorry.It’sa(n)_____.A.problem B.instructionC.secret D.business()6.Weshouldnoteat______meat.A.toomany B.muchtooC.toomuch D.manytoo()7.Idon’tunderstandthestorythoughthereare_______newwordsinit.A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle()8.Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s______.Shelentittomethismorning.A.mysister B.mysistersC.mysister’s D.mysisters()9.Whenautumncomes,______ofmosttreesturnyellowandthenfalldown.

A.leaf

B.leafs

C.leaveD.leaves()10.--Ifeelthirsty.Iwantsomethingtodrink.Whataboutyou?--OK.Let’sgoandbuysome___.A.orangeB.breadC.chocolate()11.Hurryup.Thereis_____timeleft.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew()12.—Well,youlooksohappy!--BecauseI'vegotagood________.A.work B.newsC.jobD.ideas()13.Youcangetmuch_____abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.mapB.picture C.ticketD.information()14.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe________oftherestaurant.A.balanceB.experienceC.surfaceD.service()15.–Lilyhasasilk______.Listen,sheissinginginthenextroom!--Hownice!.A.lookB.noise C.voice()16.June1stis____Dayallovertheworld.

A.Child’sB.Childs’C.Children’s

D.Childrens’()17.--Wouldyoulikesome___?--No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.A.waterB.books C.clothesD.bread()18.--Physics____moredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?--Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.has()19.–Whyareyoustillwaitinginline?--I’vemissedmy_______.A.placeB.orderC.turnD.time()20.Itwasveryhardformetomakea_______butJdecidedtoleavemyjob.A.suggestionB.decisionC.planD.speech【課后強化鞏固練習與方法總結】【演練場】單項選擇：1.Inthestreetsthereare_________ofdifferentcoloursandsizes.A.taxiB.thetaxiC.thetaxisD.taxis2.Thesegirlswillbecome________.whentheygraduatefromthemedicalcollege.A.womandoctorsB.women'sdoctorsC.womendoctorsD.thewomendoctor's3.Usually_________areverycarefulindoingexercises.A.girlstudentsB.girlsstudentsC.girls'studentsD.girl'sstudents4.Thewaitressbroughtus_______.A.glassesofjuicesB.glassesofjuiceC.glassofjuicesD.glassofjuice5.Thenewsreporterhascollected______abouttheprivateschoolsinthecity.A.lotsofinformationsB.alotofinformationC.muchofinformationD.manyinformations6.Thisis______tostudentsofEnglish.A.ausefuladviceB.usefuladviceC.oneofusefuladvicesD.apieceofusefuladvice7.Itwasfreezingcoldoutside,sowemade_______intheoffice.A.fireB.thefireC.afireD.somefire8.Weneedplentyof_______andfresh_______.A.thesun,airsB.suns,airsC.suns,airD.sun,air9.Theywerehappywiththeir_______intheirstudies.A.greatprogressesB.greatprogressC.manyprogressesD.lotofprogress10.FinallyBillygot_______asawaiterinacaféA.ajobB.apieceofjobC.aworkD.apieceofworks11.—Sorry,myhusbandisnotin.Wouldyouleaveamessage?—Allright.Pleasegiveme________.A.afewpapersB.somepiecesofpapersC.somepaperD.apaper12.Bobdropped_________ofmilkonthegroundandcuthisfingeronsomebroken______.A.aglass,glassB.aglass,glassesC.theglass,glassesD.glass,glass13.Hetookdown_______whilehewaslisteningtoradioEnglish.A.severalnewsB.anumberofnewsC.afewpiecesofnewsD.someofnews14.Let'ssitdownon_______andrestforawhile.A.thegrassB.thegrassesC.grassD.grasses15.Theship"Titanic"wentdownintotheseaandthousandsof_______werelost.A.lifesB.livesC.lifeD.thelives16.—Manythanksindeed.—It's________.A.pleasureB.apleasureC.thepleasureD.greatpleasure17.It'sabout_______tothezoo.A.twohours'rideB.twohour'srideC.two-hoursrideD.two-hour-ride18.WeiWeishowedme.A.somestampsofhimB.thestampsofhisC.somehisstampsD.somestampsofhis19.Helefthismotorcycleoutside______andwentin.A.thedoctorB.adoctorC.doctor'sD.thedoctor's20.—Doyouknowwhosethisumbrellais?—Itmaybe_____.A.SusanB.theSusanC.theSusansD.Susan's二、完形填空Bruceshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefullycountedthecoinsthatlayonthebed.Allthathehadwas$24.52.The31whichhewantedwasatleast$90.Howonearth(究竟)washegoingtogettherestofthe32?Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwashardtohangout(閑逛)withpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyone33abicycle.Hethoughtabout34hecoulddo.Hecouldn’tgetmoneyfromhisparents,becauseheknewtheyhadnoextra(額外的)money.Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoney,andthatwastoearn(掙錢)it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.HedecidedtoaskMrClayfor35.“Well,youcanstartrighthere,”saidMrClay.“Yousee,mywindowsneedcleaningandmycarneedswashing”.ThatwasthebeginningofBruce’spart-time(兼職)job.Forthenextthree36heworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hetookdogsforwalksandcleanedrooms.ThedayfinallycamewhenBruce37hismoneyandfound$94.32.Hewastednotimeandwentdowntotheshopto38thebicyclehewanted.Herodehomeproudly,lookingforwardto39hisnewbicycletohisfriends.Brucelikedhisbicycleverymuchbecausehehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Atlast,hisdreamcametrue,andhisparentswere40ofhim.()1.A.car B.bicycle C.truck()2.A.money B.help C.food()3.A.with B.without C.behind()4.A.why B.how C.what()5.A.foodB.advice C.water()6.A.months B.minutes C.seconds()7.A.lent B.lost C.counted()8.A.choose B.sell C.drive()9.A.borrowing B.showing C.asking()10.A.famous B.strict C.Proud三、詞語運用see,lookedfor,