新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向63 七選五之主題句 過渡句與細節(jié)句的確定策略(原卷版)

考向63七選五主題句/過渡句/細節(jié)句的確定策略考向1段首/段尾主題句【考法再現(xiàn)】1.2020·全國卷Ⅰ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與自我—完善自我、認(rèn)識自我________Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?答案與解析F段首主題句。根據(jù)下文“Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.”可知，作者告誡我們不要盲目追隨那些比我們優(yōu)越讓我們感到不夠好的人，即停止盲目攀比，因此該段主題句是“停止與他人攀比”，選項F“Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.”可以作為本段中心句，故選F項。錯解分析本題易錯選G。G項的表述為“攀比游戲什么時候開始”，分析本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，要認(rèn)識到自我的重要性和獨特性。并沒有涉及評論攀比之風(fēng)何時開始，故G項錯誤。2.體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—良好的人際溝通Britain,alongwithmuchofNorthernEurope,isclassedasa“non-contact”culture.“Personalspace”isveryimportanttous.Inaformalcontactwewouldoftengreeteachotherwithahandshake.Informally,butlessfrequently,myBritishfriendsandIwouldgreetwithahug.(But_hardly_ever_would_we_greet_with_a_kiss_on_the_cheek.)HereinthesouthofItaly,andinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld,peopleofbothsexesgreetwithtwokissesonbothcheeksandusealotofgestures.________A.Ijustfigureouthowtofindtherealmeaning.B.Buthardlyeverwouldwegreetwithakissonthecheek.C.Infact,ourbodiesaresayingmorethanourwords.D.Inotherwords,littlepersonalspaceisleftbetweenpeoplewheninteracting.E.Britain,alongwithmuchofNorthernEurope,isclassedasa“non-contact”culture.F.SometimesIfindmyselfnotknowingwhatgesturestousewhenexpressingmyself.G.Ifonepersoncannotunderstandbodylanguage,hecannotcommunicatewithforeignerssmoothly.答案與解析D段尾主題句。本段的第二層介紹意大利人的問候方式，與上一層的“總分”結(jié)構(gòu)不同，該層是“分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，即先具體介紹意大利人的問候方式：twokisses,alotofgestures，然后再總結(jié)概括其與英國人完全相反的肢體語言風(fēng)格。D選項中的“l(fā)ittlepersonalspaceisleft”與前面所述的問候方式一致，故選擇D項。beclassedas“被歸類為；被看作”。【策略微點】設(shè)空特點1.空格在段首：通常是段落主題句或段落小標(biāo)題句，認(rèn)真閱讀空格后內(nèi)容，推斷出主題句。2.空格在段尾：一般是對上文或全文進行概括總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論。【策略圖解】段首/段尾主題句考向2段首/段尾過渡句/細節(jié)句【考法再現(xiàn)】3.2020·全國卷Ⅲ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—風(fēng)俗__①__Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.__②__A.Thisisn'tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.答案與解析①C段首細節(jié)句。本段介紹了聚會的活動安排，根據(jù)下文第一句話可知，因為剛搬家，主人不會準(zhǔn)備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動，故選項C“你也可以帶上食物或飲料與其他客人分享”，符合語境。下一句中的this指代分享食物或飲料。故選C。②A段尾過渡句。本段提到在喬遷聚會上人們會聚餐，主人帶領(lǐng)客人參觀新家。上句提到，由于喬遷聚會是在搬進新家后不久舉行的，人們可能會被要求幫助打開箱子。根據(jù)常識可知，在喬遷聚會上讓客人們幫忙干活是不常見的，選項A“但這并不常見”與上文銜接恰當(dāng)，故選A。4.2019·全國卷Ⅲ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—社會交往Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.________A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomecommondo'sanddon'tsforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.答案與解析C段尾細節(jié)句。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，不要過度分享個人信息，當(dāng)學(xué)生們需要延期上交作業(yè)時，只需向教授簡單地解釋一下情況。C項“如果需要知道更多的信息的話，(老師們)會詢問你的”中的moreinformation與上文中的information為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，符合語境?！静呗晕Ⅻc】設(shè)空特點1.過渡句：在段首或段尾的句子有時承上啟下，應(yīng)注意瞻前顧后，段尾句有時是為了引出下一段的內(nèi)容。2.細節(jié)句：段尾句作為細節(jié)句時，常是對空前內(nèi)容的補充，或者與空前內(nèi)容是并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系?！静呗詧D解】段首/段尾過渡句/細節(jié)句考向3段中細節(jié)句/過渡句【考法再現(xiàn)】5.2020·全國卷Ⅰ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與自我—完善自我、認(rèn)識自我AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.________Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?答案與解析B段中過渡句。根據(jù)題目“AFewTipsforSelf-Acceptance”及空后一句“這有很多可以幫你找到正確方向的方法”可知，選項B“Wheredoyoustart?(從哪里開始？)”最符合下文語境，故選B項。6.2020·全國卷Ⅱ·片段體裁：說明文主題語境：人與社會—社會交往Emoji(表情符號)andWorkplaceCommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.________.It'sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform答案與解析D段中細節(jié)句。根據(jù)上一句可知，在亞洲，短信通訊平臺正在迅速發(fā)展，又根據(jù)下文可知，在一些西方國家，76%的員工在工作中使用表情符號，前后句都說明了短信平臺的受歡迎程度。選項D“這些平臺的受歡迎程度正在全球蔓延”符合語境。故選D?！静呗晕Ⅻc】設(shè)空特點段中位置設(shè)題一般是段落細節(jié)句或過渡句?！静呗詧D解】段中細節(jié)句/過渡句【檢測訓(xùn)練】1TopusesofsmartphonesTodayapproximately3.5billionpeopleownsmartphonesallovertheworld.Inthisarticle,weexplorewhatweuseoursmartphonesfor.1.Mostwebsitestodayaremobile-friendly,whiletherearealsomobileappsthatyoucanusetobuyeverythingfromclothestohouseholditemsandmore.Becauseit'sfareasierandmoreconvenienttomakeapurchaseonline,agreatpercentageofpeopleorderfromonlinesites.Infact,mostusersprefertobeabletocompareandlearnaboutdifferentitemsontheirphones.Hence,ifanyoneislookingtobuildanonlinebrand,itiscertainlyimportanttodevelopamobile-friendlysitefortheultimateonlineshoppingexperience.2..

SocialMediaUsageSocialmediasitesbecameago-tositeformanyusersthatspendtimeontheirmobiledevices.3..ItiswidelyusedincomparisontootherpopularsocialmediaplatformslikeInstagram.But,socialmediaappsarenotonlyusedtointeractwithotherusersbutalsotoconsumeinformation,whetheritisentertainingvideos,news,informationaboutcertainproductsandservices.Otherwise,peoplerelyonsmartphoneswhentheywanttosharetheircontent(photos,videos,articles)onsocialmediaplatforms.4..

ConsumptionofDigitalMediaSmartphonesareleadingdevicesintheconsumptionofdigitalmedia,andthetimeusersspendisusuallyonapps.5..So,whetheryouarelookingtowatchyourfavoriteTVshows,listentomusic,oryouwanttoreadbooks,listentopodcasts,therearemanyappsthatyoucancheckoutanddownloadonyourdevice.Actually,alotofcompanieslikeTencentandYoukuhavedesignedappstomaketheircontentmoreaccessibleonthemove.A.FriendlywebsitesB.MobileShoppingC.Actually,WechatisoneofthelargestsocialmedianetworksD.Hence,alotofbusinessesusethemtopromotetheirproductsE.Asweknow,there'sawealthofappsavailablefordownload,freeofchargeF.Somefamouse-commercesitesincludeAmazon,Taobao,JDandmanyothersG.Therearesomeappsthatarenotdesignedtoentertainyoubuttohelpyouenrichyourknowledge2TechNeckHaveyoueverbentyourheaddowntolookatascreenuntilyourneckmuscleshurt?Ifso,you’veexperiencedtechneck.6..It’sacommonproblem,andit’sontherise.Yourneckmusclesaredesignedtoholdyourheadupright.7..Butbendingyourheadforwardforlongperiodsoftimecanstrainyourmuscles.Thatcanmakethemsore.Inthepastpeoplespentmostoftheirtimelookingup.Butnowpeoplespendsignificantamountsoftimelookingdownattheirphones.Theyoftenholdthematwaistorchestlevel.Thiscausespeopletocranetheirneckstoseethephone,which,inturn,causestechneck.8..It’sprobablynotrealistictoexpectpeopletogiveuptheirphonestoavoidtechneck.Butgivinguptechnologyaltogetherisn’tnecessary.Youcandothingstoavoidtechneckevenwhilekeepingyoursmartphone.Firstyoucanholdyourphoneupsoyoudon’thavetobenddowntolookatit.Butthiscanbetiringforyourarms.Sokeepyourheadupright,andlookonlywithyoureyes.Trytositupstraightinfrontofascreenaswell,oritcanhurtyourback.Also,takebreaks.9..Ifyou’vebeensitting,standupandwalkaround.Movingyourbodywillhelprelaxyourmuscles.Ifyoucontinueexperiencingtechneck,youcandoexercisetostrengthenyourneckmuscles.10..Ifyou’reawareoftheproblem,youcantakemeasurestoavoidit.A.DropdownyoursmartphonerightnowandhaveawalkoutsideB.Onceinawhile,lookupfromyourscreen,androllyourshouldersbackC.UsingsmartphonesexcessivelyhasresultedintonsofpsychologicalproblemsD.BendingovertoviewthescreenofacomputeronadeskcanhaveasimilareffectE.Techneckisacommonresultofusingtoday’stechnology,butitdoesn’thavetobeF.TheycanalsomoveyourheadaroundandevencraneitforwardforashortamountoftimeG.Techneckoccurswhentheuseofphones,computersandothertechnologycausesneckpain3Moststudentsfeelmoreanxietybeforeandduringanexam.Normallevelsofstresscanhelpyouwork,thinkfasterandmoreeffectively,andgenerallyhelpyouperformbetterinexams.11.Itcancauseyourmindto“blankout”ormakeyouunabletoconcentrate.Herearesomestrategiestohelpyoukeepyouranxietytoamanageablelevel.Thebetterpreparedyougetforanexam,thelessanxietyyou'llsufferfrom.12.Sixweeksbeforetheexamsisprobablysoonenoughfortheendofyearexams,dependingonwhereyouareinyourstudiesandwhatyearyouarein.Maintainyourhealth-eatabalanceddiet,getenoughsleepandexerciseregularly.13.Lookatexamsasanopportunitytoapplytheknowledgeandskillsyou'vebeenlearningthroughouttheterm.Thenightbeforeanexam,calmlyreviewmaterialonefinaltime,organizeallyoursupplies(yourpens,calculator,eraser,andsoon),andgetagoodnight'ssleep.Gettotheexamontime.Don'ttalktopeopleoutsidetheroombecausetheirnervousnesscouldbe“catching”.14.Ifyou'reafraidyouwillforgetimportantfacts,writethemdownassoonasyougetintoexam.Whenneeded,takeashortrelaxationbreakbyclosingyoureyes,stretching(伸展)andrelaxingmuscles,andbreathingdeeply.Ifyoustarttopanic,tellyourself.“Iwillstaycalm.Icanhandlethis.”Readdirectionscarefullyandstayfocusedontheexam.15.Justkeepworking.Neverleaveearlyyourself.A.Stayingpositiveisalsoimportant.B.Paynoattentiontostudentswhofinishearly.C.However,toomuchanxietycanloweryourperformance.D.Spendsometimethinkingaboutwhatiscausingtheanxiety.E.Thekeytoreducingexamanxietyistostartyourrevisionearly.F.Asforanxietyduringanexam,justfollowthefollowingstrategiesG.Rememberthatmostpeoplefeeltenseatthispoint-itisonlynatural.4StrategiestoHelpBuildSelf-RegulationSkillsSelf-regulationistheabilitythathelpsustocontrolourbehaviorstomakegooddecisionsforthelong-term,ratherthanjustdoingwhatwewantinthemoment.16.Thegoodnewsisthatkidscanlearntoimprovetheirself-regulation.Discussscenarios（場景）.Talkaboutreal-lifeincidentsthatencouragelearnerstostopandthinkaboutmanagingtheirbehaviors.Youmightsay,"Someoneiskickingthebackofyourchairduringatestandit'sreallyannoyingyou.Whatdoyoudo?"Havestudentstalkinsmallgroupsorpartners.17.Usingscenarioscanhelpstudentstraintheirbrainsforhowtothinkthroughproblemsastheyhappen.Setself-reflectiontime.Everystudentneedstoworkondifferentthings.Someconcentrateongrades,whileothersfocusmoreonbehaviororattendance.Setself-reflectiontimeandmeetweeklywithstudents.Discussprogressmade,challenges,andnextstepsforthefuture.18.Thiscanslowlyhelpthemdeveloptheabilitytoself-reflectandself-regulateinthefuture.19.Designanareaintheroomforstudentstogowhoneedafewminutestothemselves.It'simportanttoteachthattheareaisaplacetoself-regulateandgetincontrolofemotionssowecanreturntoournormaldays.Tellstudentsthatit'snormalandhealthytoneedabreakonceinawhile.Useliterature.Picturebooksareagreatwaytointroduceanddiscussself-regulationskillsatalllevels.EvenmymiddleschoolerslovedwhenIgotthepicturebooksoutforaread-aloud!Withwhateverbooksyouchoose,makesuretohighlighttheself-regulationskillsthecharactersuse.20.A.Givemovementbreaks.B.Createacalmdownspace.C.Mostofall,trytoletstudentstakethelead!D.Discusshowtheyrelatetoyourstudents'lives.E.Shareabouthowtheymighthandlethosesituations.F.Considerconsultingwiththeschoolsocialworkerforextrasupport.G.However,workingonself-regulationskillsdoesn'thappenovernight.5HowDoestheMediaInfluencePeople?Themediahasbothpositiveandnegativeinfluencesonpeople.Themediacanmakeapersonmoreawareofwhatishappening.21..Themediahasthecapacitytoruinsocietybyencouragingfalseideals,praisingselfishnessandbuildthewrongvalues.AccordingtotheCanadianAcademy,somemediamessageshavebeenlinkedtothecauseofnumeroushealthconcerns.22.,causingpeopletodevelopbadhabits.Imagesusedinentertainmentcanprovidenegativeideasoflife.Youngpeopleareespeciallyinfluencedbythemedia.Youthofallagesandculturestrydesperatelytoimitatetherolemodelstheyobserveinthemedia.23..Theyarelikelytodevelopeatingdisorders,lowself-esteem,andpsychologicaldiseases.Negativemediainfluencescanmisleadyouthinthewrongdirection.Themediainfluencesthepublicbysharingnewswithanopinionatedperspective.Thepersonalvaluesofmediabusinessesimpacttheinformationshared.Thereporterscanaddpersonalideastothestoriestheycover.24..Anotherproblemisthattechnologicaladvancesprovidevenuestoreachalargeraudiencethanbefore.25.,butwecan'tdenythatmediachangesourwaysofthinkingandliving.Italsopromotesthetransformationofpersonalityandtheformationofnewbeliefsthroughtheinformationdeliveredandeducationavailableeasily.Whatweshoulddoisdevelopthecriticalthinkingability.A.MediaisamajorpiecewithinsocietyoftenlinkedtothesocialinfluenceB.ObviousproblemsexistthereC.Negativeideasfoundinmovies,television,radioandadvertisementsareharmfultotheyouthD.Butanindividualshouldn'tmakethechoiceforyoungpeopleE.ButtheiropinionssometimesarearbitraryF.Ontheotherhand,itcantwistthetruthG.Televisionwillencouragepeopletotakealcohol6LackofsleepcanbecompensatedforbyexerciseStayingactiveandfitcouldhelptowardoffsomeofthenegativehealthimpactsthatwouldnormallyresultfromlow-qualitysleep,accordingtoalargestudyof380,055middle-agedpeopleinvolvedintheUKBiobankresearchproject.Whilethehealthbenefitsofexerciseandsleeparenothingnew,26..Itcouldevengivedoctorsanotheroptiontosuggestforpatientsdealingwithsleepproblems."Wefoundthosewhohadboththepoorestsleepqualityandwhoexercisedtheleastweremostatriskofdeathfromheartdisease,stroke(中風(fēng)),andcancer,"saysepidemiologistBo-HueiHuang,fromtheUniversityofSydneyinAustralia.27..Participantsweregroupedintothreelevelsofphysicalactivity(high,mediumorlow)andwerealsogivenasleepqualityscorefrom0-5basedontheamountofshut-eyetheygot,howlatetheystayedup,insomnia(失眠),snoringanddaytimesleepiness.Thosewiththehighestriskofdyingfromcancerorheartdiseaseduringthestudyperiodwerethosewiththeworstqualitysleepandwhodidn'tmeettheWHOrecommendedguidelinesforexercise.28..29.,forexample,thoseattheunhealthiestendofthesleepandexercisescalehada45percenthigherriskofdyingfromcancerthanthosewithgoodsleepscoreswhokeptphysicallyactive.30..A.Thefindingssuggestalikelysynergistic(相互的)effect,aninterplay,betweenthetwobehaviorsB.ThatriskwentdownforpeoplewithpoorqualitysleepbutwhodidmeettheexerciseguidelinesC.ExercisecanmakeupforthelackofsleepqualityD.It'stherelationshipbetweenthemthatisinterestinginthisparticularstudyE.However,thatriskjustaboutdisappearedforthosewhodidn'tscorewellonsleepbutdidscorewellonphysicalactivityF.Thisalsomeansthathighqualitysleepcanslowaperson'sriskofillnessG.Inthecaseofallformsofcancer7Mostofthestudentsreallydon’tknowwhattheyactuallydoingduringaschoolday.31.Onceyoufollowtheseideasandtips,youwillbearightpersonatschoolandhome.32.Thefirstyouhavetowriteinapaperis,whataretheactivitiesyoumissedonthatdayandwhy.Theotheris,whataretheactivitiesyouhavetodoonnextday.Keepthispaperwithyou.Sonextday,thispaperhelpsyoutocompleteeveryactivityyouwrotedownlastnight.Don’tafraidtosayNOtoanyoneifitaffectsyourpersonaltasks.Let’ssayyouhavehomeworktofinishbeforegoingtobed.Inthissituation,yourfriendasksyoutocomeforamovie.33.Butifyouareasuccessfultimemanagementstudent,simplyyouwouldsayNOtohimandusethatvaluabletimeforyourpersonaltasks.Findwhatwillbeyourrighttimetodomoreactivities.Somestudentsprefermorningtimeandsomeprefereveningtime.34.Asaschoolstudent,youmusthavetoplaygamesorwatchingTV.35.Don’tmessupyourstudyingtimewiththeseextraactivities.Forinstance,youcanscheduleoneortwohoursforwatchingTVorplayinggamesafterschool,butconcentratemoretimeonhomework.A.Makeacarefulplaninadvanceandcarryitout.B.Takeapaperandwriteabout2thingsbeforegoingtobedeveryday.C.Butscheduleaparticulartimefortheseextraactivities.D.Determineyourpreferabletimeandget