新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)一遍過專題01-冠詞（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)01冠詞（原卷版）【命題趨勢(shì)】 冠詞是歷年高考英語(yǔ)試題中的?？键c(diǎn)。主要考查在理解冠詞基本含義的基礎(chǔ)上，在具體語(yǔ)境下的冠詞的運(yùn)用，主要包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法區(qū)別，特指與泛指以及習(xí)語(yǔ)中的冠詞用法?！局匾枷颉恳?、不定冠詞a,an用法；二、定冠詞the的用法；三、含有冠詞的詞組辨析?？枷蛞徊欢ü谠~【典例】【2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ卷語(yǔ)法填空】Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis______musttovisit!【不定冠詞提分秘籍】不定冠詞有兩個(gè)，a和an。a用在輔音開頭（不是輔音字母，是音標(biāo)）的單詞前面；an用于以元音開頭（不是元音字母，是音標(biāo)）的單詞前。如：abook,anapple；auniversity，anhour. 1．指人或事物的某一類，這是不定冠詞的基本用法Acarransfasterthanatruck.小汽車比卡車跑得快。2．表示數(shù)量“一個(gè)”，但一般不能與one互換Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一天建起來的。3．指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物AMr.Liiswaitingforyououtside.一位李先生在外面等你。(不知道那位李先生是誰(shuí))4．用于表示次數(shù)、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞前，表示“每一”①Hegoeshometoseehisparentsonceamonth.他每月回家一次去看父母。②Hecanearnfiveyuananhourintheshop.他在這家商店每小時(shí)掙五元錢。5．表示三餐的名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，用不定冠詞①Ionlywantasmallsupperbecauseofcold.由于感冒晚飯我只想吃一點(diǎn)東西。②Peopleusuallyhavequiteagooddinneronfestivals.人們?cè)谶^節(jié)時(shí)通常會(huì)吃一頓豐盛的大餐。6．有時(shí)在序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞，表示“再次”“又一個(gè)”①Sheinvitedhimtocometothepartyasecondtime.她再次邀請(qǐng)他來參加聚會(huì)。②Thenathirdboycametojoinus.接著又一個(gè)孩子加入到我們的行列。7．有些物質(zhì)名詞以及抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，可用不定冠詞apaper一份報(bào)紙；atea一杯茶；abeauty一個(gè)美人；asurprise一件意想不到的事；apity一件遺憾的事；anhonour一個(gè)(件)光榮的人(事)8．不定冠詞還可以用于“amost＋adj.＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，注意在句中沒有表示可比較的范圍狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)“most”相當(dāng)于“very”XiamenisamostbeautifulcoastalcityandI’llcomeforasecondtime.廈門是個(gè)非常美麗的海濱城市，我還要再來一次。9．不定冠詞還可以用于“a＋比較級(jí)＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，與否定詞連用時(shí)，表示“從來沒有比這更……”，具有最高級(jí)含義Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.我從未度過這樣煩人的一天。10．用于短語(yǔ)搭配中(1)“have/take＋a(n)＋與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞”，表示動(dòng)作的一次。have/takearest休息一會(huì)兒；have/takealook看一下；have/takeabath洗個(gè)澡。(2)“gooutfora(n)＋名詞”，表示從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。gooutforanouting去郊游；gooutforapicnic去野餐。(3)習(xí)慣搭配中。cometoanend結(jié)束；dropsb.aline給某人寫信；atadisadvantage處于不利地位；inaway從一方面說；inaword總之；inasense就某種意義來說；onadiet吃特定食物；withaviewto為了，鑒于?？枷蚨ü谠~【典例】【2021浙江卷6月語(yǔ)法填空】______Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.【定冠詞提分秘籍】1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，這是定冠詞的基本用法①Thebooksonthedeskwerepublishedlastmonth.桌子上的那些書是上個(gè)月出版的。②ThefactoryImentionedhasinstalledanewassemblyline.我提到的那家工廠已經(jīng)安裝了一條新的裝配線。③Wewerealllostinthebeautyofnature.我們都被大自然的美所陶醉。2．再次提到前面已出現(xiàn)的人或事物，表示特指①Imetafriendinthestreet；hesaidhehadbeenseriouslyill.我在街上遇見了一位朋友，他說他生過一場(chǎng)大病。②Hetoldusastory，butIwasnotinterestedinthestory.他給我們講了一個(gè)故事，但我對(duì)這個(gè)故事不感興趣。3．指談話雙方彼此都知道的人或事物Wewenttothestationtoseethemanageroff.我們到車站為經(jīng)理送行。4．用在某些可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，用來指事物的整體(總稱)與其他事物的區(qū)別①ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.電話是貝爾發(fā)明的。②Theelephantismuchstrongerthanthehorse.象比馬強(qiáng)壯得多。5．用在表示某國(guó)人的名詞前theChinese中國(guó)人；theFrench法國(guó)人；theEnglish英國(guó)人；theSpanish西班牙人；theDutch荷蘭人；theIrish愛爾蘭人；theSwiss瑞士人；theJapanese日本人。6．某些形容詞或分詞前加定冠詞the表示一類人(表示復(fù)數(shù))thehomeless無家可歸的人；therich富人；thepoor窮人；theblind盲人；theold老年人；theyoung年輕人；thestrong強(qiáng)者；theweak弱者；thesick病人；thewounded傷者。7．在序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the(有時(shí)在序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞，表示“再次”“又一”)Shelivesonthetwelfthfloor.她住在十二樓。8．在形容詞最高級(jí)及形容詞only(唯一的)，very(正是那個(gè))，same(同樣的)等前加定冠詞the①ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最有趣的電影。②Hemustbetheonlystudentwhohaseverbeentothecityinourclass.他一定是我們班唯一去過那座城市的同學(xué)。③That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的東西。9．在表示一些獨(dú)一無二的東西的名詞前要用定冠詞thetheearth地球；themoon月亮；thesun太陽(yáng)；thesky天空；theuniverse宇宙；theworld世界；theair空中；theground地面。10．用于時(shí)間、重量等單位名詞之前，表示每一個(gè)單位①Theboatishiredbythehour.小船按小時(shí)出租。②Therearetwoorthreeapplestothepound.每磅有兩三個(gè)蘋果。11．在表示方位、方向的名詞前用定冠詞theintheeast/south/west/north在東/南/西/北方；ontheright/left在右/左邊。12．在表江河、海洋、山脈、群島、沙漠、海峽、海灣等專有名詞前，要用定冠詞thetheYellowRiver黃河；theRhine萊茵河；thePacific太平洋；theRedSea紅海；theHimalayas喜馬拉雅山脈；theBritishIsles不列顛群島；theTaiwanStrait臺(tái)灣海峽；theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠。13．用在逢“十”的數(shù)詞前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代inthe1980s/1980’s在20世紀(jì)80年代。14．樂器名稱前用定冠詞theSheplaysthepianobestinherclass.她鋼琴在班上彈得最好。15．在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前加定冠詞the表示“……一家”theBrowns布朗一家；theLis姓李的一家。16．在“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋表身體部位的名詞”的固定結(jié)構(gòu)中hitsb.intheface打某人的臉；takesb.bythearm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩；hitsb.onthehead打某人的頭。本結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用物主代詞替代定冠詞，常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。17．在短語(yǔ)搭配中intheend最后；cometothepoint談到正題；onthecontrary相反；inthemorning在早晨；inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處；inthewater在水中；onthesubjectof關(guān)于……的主題；ontheair在廣播?？枷蛉泄谠~的詞組分析【典例】【2021全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空】Ittookusabout3hourstogoall______wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.【冠詞詞組分析提分秘籍】英語(yǔ)中有不少詞組，從形式看好像只有冠詞之差，而實(shí)際上卻是意義完全不同的詞組。1.infrontof在……（外）的前面；inthefrontof在……（內(nèi)）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一個(gè)花園。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一塊黑板。（內(nèi)）2.inchargeof掌管、負(fù)責(zé)；inthechargeof在……負(fù)責(zé)之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人負(fù)責(zé)。3.attable在進(jìn)餐、吃飯時(shí)；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃飯時(shí)他很少說話。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們坐在桌旁，邊說邊笑。4.byday白天、日間；bytheday按日計(jì)Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在辦公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清潔女工按日獲得報(bào)酬。5.takeplace發(fā)生、舉行；taketheplace(of)代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?這次談話什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我們國(guó)家，電力火車已經(jīng)取代了蒸汽火車。6.inwords用語(yǔ)言；inaword總之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.請(qǐng)用言語(yǔ)表達(dá)你的想法。Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.總之，我不相信你。7.attimes有時(shí)、不時(shí)；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有時(shí)我確實(shí)感到有些緊張。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次遞給我兩塊磚。8.little少、不多的；alittle一些、一點(diǎn)兒Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。Don’thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你還有時(shí)間。9.few很少、幾乎沒有的；afew有些、幾個(gè)Heisamanoffewwords.他是一個(gè)少言寡語(yǔ)的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有幾個(gè)孩子會(huì)閱讀。10.amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容詞的最高級(jí)）Thisisamostinterestingstory.這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.這是三個(gè)故事中最有趣的一個(gè)。11.adoctorandnurse一位醫(yī)生兼護(hù)士；adoctorandanurse一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼護(hù)士的醫(yī)生正站在那兒。adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士正站在那兒。12.anumberof許多、好些；thenumberof……的數(shù)目（后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.許多學(xué)生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40個(gè)學(xué)生。1.【2021全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空】Dueto______growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:2.【2020全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空】Theplumtreesare______firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.3.【2020浙江卷7月語(yǔ)法填空】Then,with______riseofscience,changesbegan.4.【2020浙江卷7月語(yǔ)法填空】AchildbornintheUStodayhas______veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.5.【2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空】Of______nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.6.【2019全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空】Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas______joke.7.【2019浙江卷6月語(yǔ)法填空】Everybodywears______samestyleofclothes.8.【2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover______past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.9.【2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空】Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat______topofherlungs.10.【2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空】As______result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.11.【2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover______top.12.【2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空】______13.【2017浙江卷11月語(yǔ)法填空】Likemanythingsinlife,it's______ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement,whichmeansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.14.【2017浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空】ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas______wonder.1.【遼寧省朝陽(yáng)市建平縣2021屆高三9月聯(lián)考】Itwentontosaythatalmosthalfofallmuseumsreported______annualincreaseinvisitornumbers.2.【重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三仿真】GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefor______award.3.【重慶市一中2021屆高三適應(yīng)性考試】So,everyonewasafraidofit.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofind______causeofthedisease.4.【遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市2021屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)】Wheneverthereisasandstorm,itforms______upwardairflowbetweenthesurroundingsandmountains.5.【遼寧百校聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)監(jiān)】WithXionganaimingtobecomea"smart,greenandresidents-friendly"citythatfacesthefuture,theXionganRailwayStation,thelandmarkofthearea,resemblesamodelforsuch______future.6.【湖南師范大學(xué)附中2021屆高三模擬】Nowas______Chineseinternational,Wuisworkinghardtoshowthat“thereareplayersinChinathatcanshineinthebestleaguesintheworld”,hetoldGlobalTimes.7.【湖南省永州市2021屆高三二?！縄tisalsoimportanttonotethatthegreatestamazement(amaze)ofthejourneyisChang'e5'slunarlandingsite-referredtoastheOceanofStorms-onthenearsideofthemoon,wherenoprobes(探測(cè)器)havepaid______visitbefore.8.【湖北省武漢市2021屆高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】China’swritingsystemforms______strongbridgelinkingtheChinesepeopleandcultureofthepresentwiththoseofthepast.9.【湖北省九師聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】Thoseamazinglightshowsin______skyofthearcticregionsoccurfrequentlybetweenSeptemberandOctoberandthenoccuragainbetweenMarchandApril.10.【湖北省八市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Shanghaicultureisamazing,andthecityisfilledwithsmartpeople,dynamicinteractions,awillingnesstomoveandanappetiteforbeingmodernwhileembracingdiversityandcreating______businessfriendlyenvironment.11.【湖北省2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Therecoveryteamwoulddo______initialprocessingofthecapsuleandthenuseaplanetotransportittoBeijing,whereitwouldbeopenedfortechnicianstoremovethecontainerholdinglunarsamples,thenadministrationsaid.12.【河北省張家口市2021屆高三一?！縄twas______$12,000tip.13.【河北省衡水中學(xué)2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Theyseemtobetrickedby______suddendarkness.14.【河北省保定市2021屆高三模擬】Thedifferencesbetweentheupper,middleandlowerreachesoftherivershouldbefullyconsidered,becausetheYellowRiverecosystemis______organicwhole.15.【廣東省深圳市2021屆高三調(diào)研】Gan’scompanyhasbeen______greatsuccessandGanhasreceivedlotsofawardsforherachievement16.【廣東省六校2021屆高三聯(lián)考】Manyofusareturningtoactivitieslikeskippingwith______oldrope,orwatchingoneofthemany‘timesexperts’whoproduceexercisevideosonline.17.【廣州2021屆高三一?！縏easpreadintonorthernChinaduringtheTangDynasty;bytheSongDynastyithadacquiredaloose-leafproductionaswellastheceremoniesthatmadeitsconsumption______artform.18.【廣東省佛山市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】BritishswimmerAdamPeatysaid,“Asanathlete,Iamcertainlysad,butthisis______matteroflifeordeathandweallneedtodotherightthing.”19.【福建省龍巖市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】InSeptember2013,afterfailingintheseniorhighschoolentranceexamination,LiangenteredChongqingMechanicalTechnicianCollegetostudymotorandelectricalassemblyandmaintenance(維護(hù)).Hesaidhevalued______chancemorethanever.20.【福建省福州一中2021屆高三模擬】Theyfoundthatthebenefitsofjoggingaremaximizedwhendoneat______averageorevenslowpace,andjustoneortwohoursofjoggingaweekcanbeenoughforyoutogainsuccess,regardlessofyourageorhealthcondition.21.【福建省福州市2021屆高三一?！縊xenseldombullytheweakorfear______strong.22.【重慶市育才中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Ifyoutakeitas______wayoflife,onlyexpectingtofindwaystofeelalittlebetter,onedayyou’llnoticeyouhavechangedyourthinking.23.【重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Heevenleftoutfoodandwateratthebaseofthetreeincasetheyfell______secondtime.24.【重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)2021屆高三模擬】Earlierthisyear,theQiluTransportationDevelopmentGroup,alsohandlingtheJinanExpresswaysolarroad,builta160-meter-longsolarroadin______cityofJinan.25.【山東省青島市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】EverymovementinTaiChirepresents______importantpartofoldChinesephilosophy—harmony.26.【遼寧省遼陽(yáng)市2021屆高三模擬】GrandparentsDaybecame______officialholidayin1978.27.【遼寧省葫蘆島市2021屆高三模擬】Thepersononthemachinecanstartorstopitthrough______simplecontroller.28.【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】Childrenwereresponsiblefor______vastmajorityofcases—95%ofobjectsfromnosesand85%ears.29.【江蘇省南通市通州區(qū)2021屆高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)】Ofcourse,swimmingisalso______greatwaytocooldownonahotday!30.【江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)2021屆高三五調(diào)】However，connectingwithotherhumansis______bigpartofLaughterYoga’ssuccessinhelpingpeoplefeelbetterandexperiencemorejoy.31.【江蘇