新高考英語二輪復習大題突破+限時集訓專題02 閱讀理解記敘文（解析版）

專題02閱讀理解記敘文記敘文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱讀理解題的B篇，可分為傳記類和故事類，主要考查作者通過寫人、敘事所表達出來的某種觀點，認識或情感。傳記類文章在閱讀中時間是全文的關鍵，根據(jù)時間我們可以找到相關的事件，抓住文件的主要內容。故事類文章情節(jié)性較強，閱讀時要注意故事中的時間，地點，人物和發(fā)生的事件些都是文章中的主要內容和信息，對于準確理解文章十分重要。Forthepast11years,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenareliableandcheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissiontocyclethecircumference(周長)oftheEarth—24,901miles—withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.Asaresult,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,(2021),heneverrealizedthathisdailybicycletripswereasimportanttothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,nearly200peoplegatherednearhishometosurpriseandcongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis“round-the-world”adventure,andalargetrophy(獎杯)wasplacedinhisarms.“It’sjustunbelievable.Icouldn’thaveimaginedanythinglikethis,”hesaid.11yearsago,whenhissonKevinbroughtabike,Alstartedcyclingaround.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,andgraduallythelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothinkbig-thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehadcovered21,565milesintotalandknewhecouldcompletehisgoalbytheendof2021.TherewasnocelebrationofthegoalplanneduntilNatalieLondonandTaylorPlecitycamealong.TheywerevisitingLondon’smomwhenMerrittflewbyonhisbike.Attractedbyhisstory,theywalkedovertointroducethemselves.WhentheydiscoveredMerrittwasjustweeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycouldfilmashortdocumentary.“Wewantedtotellthestoryofthisguy.WhatMerrittrepresentsishowanindividual’ssmallactscanchangeanentirecommunity,”saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt’scy-clinggoal,theysecretlyprintedupflyersandplacedthemondoorstepsforseveralblocks.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthehugecrowdthatgathered.AlthoughMerritthasnowachievedhisgoal,hehasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbe-comethehighlightofhisdailylife.1．WhatcanweknowaboutAlMerritt?A．Hebicycleswithlotsofneighbors. B．Hebeganhistaskduringhisseventies.C．Hewasawardedatrophybyhisclub. D．Hevisitedvariousplacesaroundtheworld.2．HowdidMerrittgettheideaof“round-the-world”adventure?A．Hewaspersuadedbyneighbors. B．Hissonmadeapracticalsuggestion.C．Hisphysicalcapabilityimprovedgradually. D．Hewatchedaninspiringdocumentary.3．What’sthepurposeoffilmingthisshortdocumentary?A．Toshareunforgettableexperiences. B．Topromoteahealthyoutdoorsport.C．Tostimulatepositivelifeattitudes. D．Toshowaharmoniouscommunity.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aseniorbikeracer. B．Anunexpectedharvest.C．Asuccessfulbigadventure. D．Aneighborhoodinspiration.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾·梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人。1．B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Forthepast11years,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenareliableandcheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.(在過去的11年里，83歲的阿爾·梅里特(AlMerritt)在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個可靠而愉快的存在。)”可知，83歲的阿爾·梅里特在11年前，也就是他70多歲時就開始進行這項任務。。故選B。2．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,andgraduallythelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothinkbig—thecircumferenceoftheEarth.(一開始，他騎的車大約5英里長，然后是10到12英里，慢慢地，他騎的車越來越長。隨著時間的流逝，他開始考慮更大的目標——地球的周長。)”可知，是他的體能逐漸提高，使他產(chǎn)生“環(huán)球”冒險的想法的。故選C。3．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Wewantedtotellthestoryofthisguy.WhatMerrittrepresentsishowanindividual’ssmallactscanchangeanentirecommunity(我們想講述這個人的故事。梅里特所代表的是一個人的小行為如何改變整個社會)”可推知，拍攝這部紀錄片短片的目的是激發(fā)積極的生活態(tài)度。故選C。4．D【解析】主旨大意題。分析全文內容可知，文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾·梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人。由此推知，D選項“一個社區(qū)的鼓舞人心的人物”能概括全文內容。故選D。記敘文閱讀理解解題技巧：一、事實的細節(jié)題對于事實細節(jié)題，剖析一下不難看出，事實細節(jié)的內容不會單獨出現(xiàn)，它總會與前后的段落內容相呼應，考生只要抓住整體大側，看懂主題，利用內容間的因果關系，通過時間空間的關系轉接，并對細節(jié)進行深入的剖析理解，確定主題，將零碎的細節(jié)組成一個有機整體，就被深刻理解材料的內容，從而輕松解決問題。二、詞句理解題詞句理解題主要講究的是理解題意，通過短文的詞、短語或句子的理解來充分理解題意，碰到不熟悉的詞語要避過，先略讀再通讀、仔細推敲，尤其是對語境的理解要準確。三、推理斷題題推理判斷題最主要的就是注重文章結構的物關系，抓住關鍵詞，結合有關的生活和杜會常識，理清文章的結構層次，文章內容和文章的中心思想，推斷作者的寫作意圖。歸納概括題適合這類題型的閱讀理解通常具體反映在文章的題目或一段短文的小標題上很多文章從一開頭就直球說出觀點，表達中心思想，所以對于這類題型，一定要注意主題句和主題段，段與段之間的關系，注意隱藏的中心思想，準確了解文章結構，把握句與句之間的關系，注重邏輯關系，把握住文章的脈絡。一、IhavelivedinruralAmericafornineyears,firstinMichigan,whereIgotmyPhD;thenincentralIllinoisandnowinIndiana,whereIamaprofessor.Inaplacewheremostpeoplehavelivedthewholeoftheirlives,Ifeellikeastranger.TherearefewthingsIenjoymorethancomplainingaboutmygeographicisolation.I’mavegetarian,sothere’snowheretogoforanicedinnerthatisn’t50milesaway.I’mblack,sothere’snowheretogetmyhairdonethatdoesn’tinvolveanother50-miledrive.Andtheclosestmajorairportistwohoursaway.Irecitethesegripestomyfriends.Weallhavegrandideasaboutwhatlifewouldbelikeifonlywedidthat,orlivedthere.Andthere’sthis;Ireallydon’tintendtochangemostofthethingsIcomplainabout.Gripingisseductiveonthosedayswhenhappinessrequirestoomuchenergy.ButitalsomakesmelosesightofthefactthatIwasbornandgrewupinNebraskaandhavelivedmostofmylifeinoneoftheplainsstates.WhenIgotothecoasts,Iamstruckbyhowunappealingbig-citylivingcanbe.WhileImaynotlovewhereIlive,thereareplentyofpeoplewhoareproudtocallthisplacehome.Atapartywithcolleagues,IwasgoingonabouteverythingIcouldn’tstandinourtownwhenInoticedthattheyweresilentandshiftinguncomfortably.Thatmomentforcedachangeinme.Complainingmayofferrelief,butsodoesacceptance.Thereisnoperfectlife.Byfocusingongripes,Iriskmissingoutonpreciousmomentsofappreciation.WhenIgethome,Istandonmybalcony,lookintothenightskyandseethestars.IknowthatIhaveabsolutelynothingtocomplainabout.1．Whatcausestheauthor’sloneliness?A．Dietaryhabits. B．Racialprejudice.C．Educationaldifferences. D．Identityconfusion.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“seductive”meaninparagraph3?A．Attractive. B．Temporary. C．Violent. D．Flexible.3．Howmighttheauthorfeelabouthimselfwhentheatmospherechangedataparty?A．Humbled. B．Angry. C．Touched. D．Calm.4．Whatdoestheauthorrealizeintheend?A．Everydayisbeautiful. B．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.C．Humanmustvaluelivesthemselves. D．Don’tbepennywiseandpoundfoolish.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文中主要講述了作者來到陌生的地方工作，遇到了各種不適應，開始抱怨，結果最終認識到?jīng)]有完美的人生。專注于抱怨，自己可能會錯過感激的珍貴時刻。1．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IhavelivedinruralAmericafornineyears,firstinMichigan,whereIgotmyPhD;thenincentralIllinoisandnowinIndiana,whereIamaprofessor.Inaplacewheremostpeoplehavelivedthewholeoftheirlives,Ifeellikeastranger.TherearefewthingsIenjoymorethancomplainingaboutmygeographicisolation.I’mavegetarian,sothere’snowheretogoforanicedinnerthatisn’t50milesaway.I’mblack,sothere’snowheretogetmyhairdonethatdoesn’tinvolveanother50-miledrive.(我在美國農(nóng)村生活了9年，先是在密歇根州，我在那里拿到了博士學位；然后在伊利諾伊州中部，現(xiàn)在在印第安納州，我是那里的教授。在一個大多數(shù)人一生都在生活的地方，我覺得自己像個陌生人。沒有什么比抱怨地理上的孤立更讓我享受的了。我是個素食主義者，所以不到50英里的地方就找不到好吃的了。我是黑人，所以要做頭發(fā)就得再開50英里的車)”可知，作者在美國的幾個地方生活過，且是黑人。由此可知，身份混亂導致了作者的孤獨。故選D。2．A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“onthosedayswhenhappinessrequirestoomuchenergy”可知，在那些快樂需要太多精力的日子里，抱怨是有吸引力的，因為不需要太多精力。故畫線詞意思是“有吸引力的”。故選A。3．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Atapartywithcolleagues,IwasgoingonabouteverythingIcouldn’tstandinourtownwhenInoticedthattheyweresilentandshiftinguncomfortably.Thatmomentforcedachangeinme.Complainingmayofferrelief,butsodoesacceptance.Thereisnoperfectlife.Byfocusingongripes,Iriskmissingoutonpreciousmomentsofappreciation.WhenIgethome,Istandonmybalcony,lookintothenightskyandseethestars.IknowthatIhaveabsolutelynothingtocomplainabout.(在一次與同事的聚會上，我正滔滔不絕地談論著鎮(zhèn)上所有我無法忍受的事情，這時我注意到他們都沉默不語，不安地移動著身子。那一刻迫使我改變了。抱怨可能會讓你放松，但接受也一樣。沒有完美的人生。專注于抱怨，我可能會錯過感激的珍貴時刻。當我回到家，我站在陽臺上，仰望夜空，看星星。我知道我完全沒有什么可抱怨的)”可知，當聚會的氣氛發(fā)生變化時，作者冷靜了，開始思考自己的行為會帶來的不良后果。故選D。4．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Complainingmayofferrelief,butsodoesacceptance.Thereisnoperfectlife.Byfocusingongripes,Iriskmissingoutonpreciousmomentsofappreciation.WhenIgethome,Istandonmybalcony,lookintothenightskyandseethestars.IknowthatIhaveabsolutelynothingtocomplainabout.(抱怨可能會讓你放松，但接受也一樣。沒有完美的人生。專注于抱怨，我可能會錯過感激的珍貴時刻。當我回到家，我站在陽臺上，仰望夜空，看星星。我知道我完全沒有什么可抱怨的)”推知，作者最后意識到不要因小失大。故選D。二、Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentrance,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall.“Haveyoureadthemall?”heaskedme,almostfrightened.“Yes,”Isaid,“justabout.”Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技藝)thathaddemandedsomeeffort.Asforhim,hehadhadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyeverrecalledseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.Ioftenrecallthisscenewithmycousinwithunease.Ithidesanotherviolentone.Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor“notbeinginterestedinanything”,forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,“Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon’tneedthemtolive.”Thesewordsstretchacrosstime,fixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexanderDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacafeowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—“culturalbaggage”—thatincludedthetheatre,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatanditwasunacceptable.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather’swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolivebutIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.5．WhatdoesParagraph1tellusaboutthewriter?A．Herhavingreadmanybooksamazedhercousin.B．Hercousinquitschoolearlyandhadnobooksatall.C．Shecompletelyfinishedreadingthebooksontheshelves.D．Hercousinwasfrightenedtodeathuponseeingthebooks.6．Whatdoes“one”refertoinParagraph2?A．Anidea. B．Anemotion.C．Ascene. D．Arelative.7．Whatcan’tthewriteraccept?A．Thebittermemoryofaviolentchildhood.B．Thestricttoneinwhichherfatherspoke.C．Thefearoffallingshortofherfather’sexpectations.D．Herfather’signoranceoftheimportanceofreading.8．Whatisthepassagegoingtotalkaboutnext?A．Whythewriterenjoysreadingbooks.B．Whatseparatesthewriterfromothers.C．Whatthewriter’sfatherreallymeant.D．Howotherconflictserupted.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者喜愛閱讀并且讀了很多書，在文章中作者回憶了幾年前她的堂/表兄弟知道她差不多讀完整面墻的書后非常吃驚的場景，以及作者與父親在閱讀這一問題上的分歧。5．A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentrance,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall.‘Haveyoureadthemall?’heaskedme,almostfrightened.‘Yes,’Isaid,‘justabout’.Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技藝)thathaddemandedsomeeffort.Asforhim,hehadhadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyeverrecalledseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.(幾年前，一位從我十幾歲起就失去聯(lián)系的堂/表兄弟來我家拜訪。在客廳門口，他沉默地停了下來，眼睛盯著覆蓋整個后墻上的書架?！愣甲x過了嗎？’他問我，幾乎嚇壞了?！堑?，’我說，‘差不多?！負u了搖頭，仿佛這是一項需要付出一些努力的壯舉。至于他，他不得不在十四歲時離開學校，在任何他能工作的地方工作。他家沒有書。我只記得在桌子上看到過漫畫書Tarzan。)”可知，第一段主要闡述的是作者的堂/表兄弟在知道作者差不多讀完了整墻的書后感到非常吃驚，故選A。6．C【解析】詞義猜測題。one作代詞時，表示泛指，既可指人，可指物，常用來代替上文出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)名詞，以避免重復。根據(jù)第二段中“one”所在句的上一句“Ioftenrecallthisscenewithmycousinwithunease.(我經(jīng)常不安地回憶起和表哥的這一場景。)”以及下文“Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor‘notbeinginterestedinanything’,forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,‘Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon’tneedthemtolive.’(我當時在十五到十八歲之間。我一定責怪父親‘對什么都不感興趣’，只看當?shù)氐腜aris-Normandie報紙。對于他唯一的女兒的無禮，他通常是那么冷靜和寬容，他嚴肅地回答說：‘書對你有好處。但對我來說，我不需要他們活著?！?”可知“Ithidesanotherviolentone.”中“anotherviolentone”指的是作者和父親就讀書產(chǎn)生意見分歧的場景，這個“one”指“一個場景（ascene）”；故選C。7．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,‘Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon’tneedthemtolive.’(對于他唯一的女兒的無禮，他通常是那么冷靜和寬容，他嚴肅地回答說：‘書對你有好處。但對我來說，我不需要他們活著?！?”以及第三段“Thesewordsstretchacrosstime,fixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexanderDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacafeowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—‘culturalbaggage’—thatincludedthetheatre,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatanditwasunacceptable.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.(這些話跨越時間，固定在我心里，就像一種痛苦和無法忍受的現(xiàn)實。我非常理解父親的意思。讀大仲馬、福樓拜、加繆的書對他開咖啡館的工作沒有任何實際意義。另一方面，在他對我的未來所寄予的期望中，他隱約知道書籍是有分量的，它們構成了一個決定性的包裹——‘文化包袱’——包括劇院、歌劇和冬季運動——一個優(yōu)越的社會世界。我明白這一切，這是不可接受的。我不認為書的世界會永遠對我最親愛的人關閉。)”可知，作者不能接受父親不知道閱讀的重要性，不去閱讀。故選D。8．A【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段“AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather’swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolivebutIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.(當我思考閱讀的理由時，父親的話不斷地浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，就像一個無法解決的個人矛盾。不，讀書不是為了活著，但我一直與書生活在一起。)”可推斷，作者接下來會講述自己的閱讀經(jīng)歷以及喜愛閱讀的理由。故選A。一、（2022·湖北黃岡·黃岡中學?？既＃〥ozensofseaturtlesswimpastasIdive.Suddenlyadivercutsmeoff.Thenanother.“Hey!”Ithink.“Watchwhereyou’regoing!”ThenIrealize:Thesearen’tdivers.Theyaresealions!Thecreaturesblowbubblesatmeandthegroupof11kidsI’monvocationswith,hittingusslightlyonourbacks.Tonotbotherthemmuch,wetearourselvesawayfromthewonderland.WetakethistriptotheGalapagosIslands,agroupoftropicalislandscrossingtheequator.OurhotelisaboatcalledtheEclipsethathasapool.Humansaren’tallowedtoliveonmostoftheislands.Theonlywaypeoplecanexperiencethemagicofthisplaceandmeetanimalsonalltheislandsisby“panga”.“OursmallmotorboatismoreimportantthantheEclipse.It’sverysafe,”saysalocalguide,Fielsch.Lackofhumanthreatmakestheanimalsfriendly.“Theydon’tknowenoughtobescaredofhumans.”O(jiān)urgroupexperiencethatfirsthand.Whenwereturnafterourdivingadventure,wefindsealionslyingnexttoourbackpacks!Walkingalongthesand,weseemorewildlife:seals,redcrabs,orcas.Thefollowingmorning,wereachFernandinaIsland,knownforitsvolcano.Flightlessbirdscalledcormorantsbuildnestsontherocks.NearbyareGalapagospenguins.Averagingabout19inchesinheight,they’rethesecondsmallestspeciesofpenguinintheworld.“TheGalapagosaresocurious,”says12-year-oldHarry.“You’vegotpenguinslivingfarfromthefrozenSouthPole,andbirdsthatdon’tfly!”Aswerideback,sixpenguinsstandlikesoldiers,seemingtosaygoodbye.It’sourlastday;noneofuswantstoleavethisplace.Weknowthistriphasbeenamilestoneforus.Amarkedshiftinourattitudestowardsthenaturalworldisunderway.“TheGalapagosIslandsseemtobreaktheworld’srules,”saysHarry.“Morethanever,I’minterestedinsavingtheenvironment.Theseanimalstrulyneedourcare,”hissisterHannahadds.1．Howdoestheauthorfindthedivingexperience?A．Attractive. B．Disturbing.C．Dangerous. D．Valuable.2．What’sthefunctionof“panga”?A．Toprotectpeoplefromdanger.B．Toprovideashelterforlocalpeople.C．Toguidepeopleinseeingtheanimals.D．Totransportpeopletoeachoftheislands.3．What’sspecialaboutGalapagospenguins?A．Theyarenotabletofly.B．Theyremainhiddenfromview.C．Theyliveinatropicalclimate.D．They’rethesmallestoftheirkind.4．Whyisthetripconsideredamilestonefortheauthor’sgroup?A．Itexpandstheirknowledgeoftheworld.B．Itchangesthewaytheythinkaboutnature.C．Itinspiresthemtoprotecttheenvironment.D．Itenablesthemtointeractwithvariouswildlife.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了到加帕拉格斯島旅行的經(jīng)歷，這次旅行對作者的團隊來說是一個里程碑，它改變了他們對自然的看法。1．A【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Tonotbotherthemmuch,wetearourselvesawayfromthewonderland.(為了不打擾它們，我們離開了仙境)”可知，作者認為這次潛水的地方簡直是個仙境。由此可推知，這次潛水的經(jīng)歷是很有吸引力的。故選A。2．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句話“Theonlywaypeoplecanexperiencethemagicofthisplaceandmeetanimalsonalltheislandsisby“panga”.“OursmallmotorboatismoreimportantthantheEclipse.(只有通過“panga”，人們才能體驗這個地方的魔力，并在所有島嶼上見到動物?！拔覀兊男⌒湍ν型П菶clipse更重要。它非常安全，”當?shù)貙в钨M爾施說)”可推知，“panga”的功能是將人們送到每個島上。故選D。3．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“You’vegotpenguinslivingfarfromthefrozenSouthPole,andbirdsthatdon’tfly!(有企鵝住在遠離冰凍南極的地方，還有不會飛的鳥！)”可知，有些企鵝住在遠離南極的地方。由此可推知，加拉帕戈斯企鵝生活在熱帶氣候中。故選C。4．B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第四、五句話“Weknowthistriphasbeenamilestoneforus.Amarkedshiftinourattitudestowardsthenaturalworldisunderway.(我們知道這次旅行對我們來說是一個里程碑。我們對自然世界的態(tài)度正在發(fā)生顯著轉變)”可知，這次旅行對作者的團隊來說是一個里程碑，它改變了他們對大自然的認識。故選B。二、（2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）Getupat6am,arriveatthehospitalonehourearliertohelppatientscheckin,andaccompanypatientsduringconsultations…Inrecentyears,“patientescorts”hasemergedasanewindustry,andthosewhohavetakenonthiscareerareknownas“peoplewhoselltime”.26-year-oldZhangTianisoneofthem.September4wasaluckydayforZhangTian.Onthisday,ZhangTiansawavideoaboutpatientescortsonashortvideoplatform.Thedailyroutineofpatientescortsshowninthevideofascinatedherandgraduallyinspiredhertotakethisonasabusiness.Shebrowsedthroughmanyplatformsandreadmultipleinformationandfoundthereindeedexistsacertaindemandforpatientescorts,especiallyfortheelderly,children,andpregnantwomen.Sinceshehadneverengagedinthiskindofworkbefore,shespenttwodaysinmajorhospitalsinWuhan,inordertofamiliarizeherselfwithallthedepartmentsondifferentfloors,aswellastheprocessesofmedicalconsultationandpreparationforsurgery.Afterpreliminarypreparatory(預備的)work,ZhangTianpostedavideoofmyself-introductiononmajorsocialplatforms,talkingaboutthehelpandservicesapatientescortprovides,aswellassometipsforaquickandconvenientmedicalconsultation.Atfirst,shewasalittleworriedthathervideowouldgounnoticed.However,aftersheuploadedthevideo,itgotover100likesandshereceivedherfirsteverofferasapatientescort.Thememoryofherfirsttaskisstillaliveandfreshinhermind.ShereceivedaphonecallonSeptember9fromamanwhosefatherwasseriouslyillandmightneedsurgery.HewantedZhangTiantoaccompanyhisfatherthroughhisconsultationandtreatment.”ZhangTianmadefullpreparationsbeforemeetingherfirstclientanddidaverygoodjobdespitehernervousness.“Later,thefamilyexpressedtheirgratitudetomeoverandoveragain,whichwarmedmyheartandgavemeasenseofachievement.”ZhangTiansaid.5．Whatdopatientescortsdo?A．Theyassistdoctorsinhospitals.B．Theyarriveathospitalsearlytocheckin.C．Theytakeonthiscareertoselltheirtime.D．Theyhelppatientsgettreatedinhospitals.6．September4wasaluckydayforZhangTianbecause______.A．sheenjoyedseeinganinterestingvideoB．shegotinspirationforherowncareerC．shefoundademandformedicalworkersD．shewaswellreceivedonsocialplatforms7．HowdidZhangTiangetherfirstclient?A．Shegotfamiliarwiththeroutineworkinhospitals.B．Shespenttwodaysinmajorhospitalstomeetpatients.C．Hervideoonsocialplatformsattractedherfirstclient.D．Theman’sfatherwasseriouslyillandmightneedasurgery.8．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeZhangTian?A．Hardworkingandconsiderate. B．Humorousandcareful.C．Ambitiousandimaginative. D．Talkativeandpositive.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一個新行業(yè)“患者陪護”的代表張?zhí)欤谏缃黄脚_上談論陪護患者提供的幫助和服務，獲得了社會的熱烈關注?！盎颊吲阕o”帶給了她成就感和滿足感，并激勵著她不斷向前。5．D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Getupat6am,arriveatthehospitalonehourearliertohelppatientscheckin,andaccompanypatientsduringconsultations…Inrecentyears,“patientescorts”hasemergedasanewindustry,andthosewhohavetakenonthiscareerareknownas“peoplewhoselltime”.(每天早上6點起床，提前1小時到醫(yī)院幫病人辦理入住，陪病人會診……近年來，“患者陪護”成為一個新興行業(yè)，從事這一職業(yè)的人被稱為“賣時間的人”。)”可知，“患者陪護”的指責為幫助病人更好地在醫(yī)院接受治療。故選D。6．B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“September4wasaluckydayforZhangTian.Onthisday,ZhangTiansawavideoaboutpatientescortsonashortvideoplatform.Thedailyroutineofpatientescortsshowninthevideofascinatedherandgraduallyinspiredhertotakethisonasabusiness.(9月4日是張?zhí)斓男疫\日。這一天，張?zhí)镌谝粋€短視頻平臺上看到了一個關于病人陪護的視頻。視頻中顯示的病人陪護的日常生活讓她著迷，并逐漸激勵她將其作為一項業(yè)務。)”可知，9月4日對張?zhí)靵碚f是幸運的一天，因為她為自己的事業(yè)找到了靈感。故選B。7．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterpreliminarypreparatory(預備的)work,ZhangTianpostedavideoofmyself-introductiononmajorsocialplatforms,talkingaboutthehelpandservicesapatientescortprovides,aswellassometipsforaquickandconvenientmedicalconsultation.Atfirst,shewasalittleworriedthathervideowouldgounnoticed.However,aftersheuploadedthevideo,itgotover100likesandshereceivedherfirsteverofferasapatientescort.(經(jīng)過前期的準備工作，張?zhí)煸诟鞔笊缃黄脚_上發(fā)布了我的自我介紹視頻，講述了陪護病人所能提供的幫助和服務，以及快速便捷就醫(yī)的一些技巧。起初，她有點擔心她的視頻不會被注意到。然而，在她上傳視頻后，獲得了100多個贊，她還得到了人生中第一個“患者陪護”的工作機會。)”可知，張?zhí)煸谏缃黄脚_上的視頻吸引了她的第一個客戶。故選C。8．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Getupat6am,arriveatthehospitalonehourearliertohelppatientscheckin,andaccompanypatientsduringconsultations…(每天早上6點起床，提前1小時到醫(yī)院幫病人辦理入住，陪病人會診……)”和第二段“Shebrowsedthroughmanyplatformsandreadmultipleinformationandfoundthereindeedexistsacertaindemandforpatientescorts,especiallyfortheelderly,children,andpregnantwomen.Sinceshehadneverengagedinthiskindofworkbefore,shespenttwodaysinmajorhospitalsinWuhan,inordertofamiliarizeherselfwithallthedepartmentsondifferentfloors,aswellastheprocessesofmedicalconsultationandpreparationforsurgery.(她瀏覽了許多平臺，閱讀了大量信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)確實存在一定的病人陪護需求，尤其是老人、兒童和孕婦。由于之前從未從事過這類工作，她花了兩天時間在武漢各大醫(yī)院，以熟悉不同樓層的各個科室，以及會診和手術準備的流程。)”及全文可知，張?zhí)炷托膶W習這類工作的流程、耐心護送患者和悉心照料患者，可以表現(xiàn)出她具有努力工作，體貼的美好品質。故選A。三、（2022·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考一模）OnJuly14,2017,MaryamMirzakhani,StanfordprofessorofmathematicsandthefirstfemalewinneroftheFieldsMedalinMathematics,diedattheageof40.Thenewswasespeciallyhard-hittingforagenerationofyoungeracademicswhohavealwaysheldMaryamasarolemodelwhoseexampleishelpingredefinewomen’sstatusinscienceandespeciallymathematics.WhatwasfunwasthatMaryamalwaystriedtoavoidthemedia’sspotlight.Hermodesty(謙虛)andsimplicitydespitebeingthefirstwomantogainsuchhighstatusintheworldofmathematics—winningwhat’softencalledthe“NobelPrizeofmath”—stoodouttothosewhoknewher.Maryamoriginallywantedtobeawriter,apassionofhersthatneverfadedawayevenduringherpostgraduatestudies.However,shefoundanevengreaterjoyinhowrewardingitfelttosolvemathematicalproblems.Asastudent,shewasthefirstfemalememberofIran’snationalteamtoparticipateintheInternationalMathOlympiad(IMO),andshewontwogoldmedalsintwoyears—stillarecord.Shereceivedherbachelor’sdegreeinIranandlaterstudiedatHarvard.In2014,MaryamwasrecognizedwiththeFieldsMedal,thehighest-rankingawardinmathematics.Herworkfocusedoncurvedsurfaceslikespheres(球體).Herachievementshaveapplicationsinotherscientificfieldsincludingengineeringandmaterialscience.Unfortunately,atthattimeshewasalreadytacklingthebreastcancer.Maryam’slegend(傳奇)maycontinuetogrowafterherearlydeath.Stillonly20percentoffull-timemathteachersatU.S.universitiesarewomen.Theexampleofawomanwhorosetothetopofthisstillverymalefieldmayhelpinspiremath’snextgeneration.InthesamewaypeoplethinkofMarieCurieorJaneGoodallasscientificpioneers,MaryamMirzakhaniwillgodowninhistoryasatrailblazeraswellasamathematicalgenius.9．WhatmakesMaryaminternationallyrecognised?A．Herunfadingpassionforwriting.B．Fightingagainstsexualdiscrimination.C．BeingthefirstfemaleFieldsMedalwinner.D．Comingunderthemedia’sspotlightfrequently.10．What’sMaryam’sattitudetowardsfame?A．Resistant. B．Realistic. C．Enthusiastic. D．Doubtful.11．WhatcanweknowaboutMaryam?A．ShewongoldmedalsforIraninIMO.B．Shegotherbachelor’sdegreeatHarvard.C．Sheappliedmathematicstomaterialscience.D．Sheinstructedsomefemalestudentstoreachthetop.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trailblazer”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Talent. B．Model. C．Follower. D．Pioneer.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。2017年7月14日，斯坦福大學數(shù)學教授、菲爾茲數(shù)學獎章第一位女性得主瑪麗亞姆·米爾扎卡尼去世，享年40歲。文章講述了這位偉大的女數(shù)學家的傳奇一生和優(yōu)秀品質。9．C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnJuly14,2017,MaryamMirzakhani,StanfordprofessorofmathematicsandthefirstfemalewinneroftheFieldsMedalinMathematics,diedattheageof40.”(2017年7月14日，斯坦福大學數(shù)學教授、菲爾茲數(shù)學獎章第一位女性得主瑪麗亞姆·米爾扎卡尼去世，享年40歲。)可知，作為第一位女性菲爾茲獎牌獲得者，瑪麗亞姆獲得了國際認可。故選C。10．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Maryamalwaystriedtoavoidthemedia’sspotlight.”(瑪麗亞姆總是試圖避開媒體的聚光燈。)可知，瑪麗亞姆對名聲的態(tài)度是抗拒的。故選A。11．A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Asastudent,shewasthefirstfemalememberofIran’snationalteamtoparticipateintheInternationalMathOlympiad(IMO),andshewontwogoldmedalsintwoyears—stillarecord.”(作為一名學生，她是伊朗國家隊第一位參加國際數(shù)學奧林匹克競賽（IMO）的女性成員，她在兩年內獲得了兩枚金牌，這仍然是一項紀錄。)可知，瑪麗亞姆在國際數(shù)學奧林匹克競賽中為伊朗贏得了金牌。故選A。12．D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“InthesamewaypeoplethinkofMarieCurieorJaneGoodallasscientificpioneers”(就像人們認為瑪麗·居里或簡·古道爾是科學先驅那樣)可知，此處是指人們認為瑪麗亞姆·米爾扎卡尼也是一位數(shù)學先驅，所以trailblazer意為“先驅”。故選D。四、（2022·重慶·重慶南開中學統(tǒng)考模擬預測）WhenTalGolesworthywastoldheneededalifesavingheartoperationin1993,hesaidno.GolesworthyhasMarfansyndrome,ageneticconditionaffectingbodytissues.Backin1993,hisdoctortoldhimthathisaorta(主動脈)wassoenlargedthatitwouldunavoidablybreakunlessheunderwentamajorsurgery.“Theoperationreallydidn’tlookattractive,”saysGolesworthy.Whatheparticularlydidn’tlikewashavingtotakeamedicineaftertheoperationthatwouldp