大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與練習(xí)

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講與練習(xí)名詞前的單位詞（1.3）apieceofadvice/bread/cake/chalk/work/furniture/cloth/paper/news/information/evidence/luggage/luck/businessanitemofnews/informationadropofoil/water/whiskeyanarticleofclothing/luggage/furnitureabarofchocolate/soap/iron/goldanearofwheat/ricealoafofbreadalumpofcoal/sugar/clayasliceofbread/bacon/meat/cake表示成群的單位詞aflockofbirds/geese/pigeons/visitors/customersaherdofbees/ants/starsapackofthieves/wolves/hounds(獵狗)abunchofkeys/bananas/grapes/rosesabundleofclothes/letters/firewoodacrowdofrobbers2.主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)一致的原則：語(yǔ)法一致概念一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)志。Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives.Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime.就近原則Hereisadictionaryandafewbooks.Onlyoneoutoffivewerepresent.符合語(yǔ)法一致的幾種情況（4）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，雖后續(xù)with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,like,besides,but,except,inadditionto引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.NobodybutJohnandGeorgewasthere.Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasaskedtoattendtheparty.主語(yǔ)由“aportionof,aseriesof,akingofetc.+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelabuse.符合概念一致的幾種情況集合名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)OurgrouparevisitingtheMuseumnextweek.（我們?nèi)w成員）Ourgroupisassignedtotakethefirstbus.（我們小組）名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式Tendollarsisnotenough.Fiftykilogramsisnottooheavytocarry.符合就近原則的幾種情況由并列連詞or,either…or,neither…or,notonly…butalso連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ).EitheryouorIamlate.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisgoingtothefilm.each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…后續(xù)單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Eachbookandeachpenisfoundinitsplace.Noteacherandnostudentisinterestedinit.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式。Manyastudentishavingpracticeinthisplant.Morethanonestudentwaslateforclassthismorning.3.形容詞不具有比較意義的比較結(jié)構(gòu)1)more/ratherAthanB:與其說(shuō)是B，不如說(shuō)是AHeisratherdiligentthanclever.說(shuō)他聰明不如說(shuō)他勤奮。Itisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.這與其說(shuō)是一首詩(shī)，到不如說(shuō)是一幅畫(huà)。2)allthemore…:因而更加… That’llmaketheworkallthemoredifficult.3)muchmore更加，何況 It’sdifficulttounderstandhisbooks,muchmorehislectures.4)muchless更不 Ididn’tevenseehim,muchlessspeaktohim.5)nonetheless依然 Forallhisyears,heisnonethelessvigorousandactive.6)otherthan不同于…，非… Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.7)knowbetterthan…很明白而不至于… Shecertainlyknowsbetterthantodoitherself.8)noneotherthan不是別人而正是… ItwasnoneotherthanMissMary.部分同根形容詞的辨義（5.5）sensible可查覺(jué)得；明智的sensitive對(duì)…敏感的sensational 聳人聽(tīng)聞的Heissensibleofthedangerofhisposition.Theoldwomanisveryweakandsensitivetocold.Itwasasensationalnewsreport.2)economic有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的economical節(jié)儉的 Weshouldbeeconomicalintheuseofourfunds. Thecountryisinabadeconomicstate.industrial工業(yè)的industrious勤勞的Itisanindustrialcountry.TheChinesepeoplearebraveandindustrious.historic有歷史意義的historical有關(guān)歷史的WheredidthehistoricMay4thMovementtakeplace?Isitahistoricalnovel?practical實(shí)際的，實(shí)踐的practicable可行的NowthatyouaregoingtoliveinFrance,you’llbeabletomakepracticaluseofyourknowledgeofFrench.Isitpracticabletotrytogrowcropsindeserts?sociable和藹可親的social社會(huì)的；社交的Wespentasociableeveningdrinking.Therearedifferentopinionsonvarioussocialquestions.considerate體貼的considerable相當(dāng)大的；值得重視的/substantialItwasconsiderateofyounottoplaypianowhileIwashavingasleep.Whenherfatherdied,Janebecameheadofaveryconsiderablebusinessempire.continual略有間隙/隔的“連續(xù)不斷”continuous沒(méi)有間隙/隔的“連續(xù)不斷”We’vehadcontinuoushotweatherforthreeweeks.I’mreallytiredofyourcontinualcomplaints.credible可信的，可靠的credulous輕信的It’shardlycredible.Shewassocredulousthatshecouldbeeasilyfooled.與形容詞構(gòu)成固定搭配的介詞（5.8）aboutanxious,crazy,curious,doubtful,eager,uneasyatbad,efficient,good,quick,slow,skillfulforanxious,available,fit,grateful,good,greedy,insufficient,necessary,ready,responsible,ripe,sorry,suitable,validfromabsent,distinctive,diverse,different,freeinabundant,confident,deficient,fortunate,major,rich,poorofafraid,ashamed,aware,capable,careful,certain,consciousconfident,convinced,critical,doubtful,fond,full,greedy,guilty,ignorant,independent,proud,short,shy,sick,thoughtful,tired,typical,uncertain,worthy,regardlessondependent,hard,keentoaccustomed,obliged,applicable,available,benefit,convenient,dear,drink,equal,equivalent,essential,faithful,familiar,fit,grateful,harmful,helpful,identical,important,loyal,necessary,obvious,opposite,polite,preferable,previous,prior,proportional,relative,resistant,senior,sensitive,similar,superiorwithangry,comparable,consistent,content,familiar,identical,patient,pleased,popular,strict,satisfiedSheisveryanxio