2025年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題6形容詞和副詞核心考點(diǎn)（原卷版）

2025年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題6：形容詞和副詞核心考點(diǎn)精講精練（原卷版）【考點(diǎn)梳理】形容詞主要作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，可以用來修飾名詞、代詞等，也可以單獨(dú)使用。對(duì)應(yīng)單詞為adjective，縮寫為adj.，常翻譯為“的”，位置可以是在名詞前，也可以在代詞之后或系動(dòng)詞之后等。形式上除了本身為形容詞的，常見還有會(huì)加前綴a及后綴y/ful/al/en/ent/ive/ish/ous/ly等的形容詞以及一詞多性的形容詞。副詞主要是作狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等的作用，對(duì)應(yīng)單詞為adverb，縮寫為adv.，常翻譯為“地”或“得”，形式上除了本身是副詞外，多以ly后綴結(jié)尾或形副同形的。根據(jù)作用，副詞常分為時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、程度副詞、關(guān)系副詞、疑問副詞、方式副詞、頻度副詞等?？键c(diǎn)一形容詞的構(gòu)成與句法功能一、形容詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律類別例詞詞尾加ycloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,sleep→sleepy詞尾加(e)dgift→gifted,talent→talented,advance→advanced,excite→excited詞尾加-ingsurprise→surprising,convince→convincing,frighten→frightening詞尾加ful/lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,home→homeless,colour→colourful/colourless,use→useful/useless,thank→thankful/thankless,peace→peaceful/peaceless詞尾加ablefort→fortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,accept→acceptable,respect→respectable詞尾加ousdanger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humour→humorous詞尾的ce變?yōu)閠confidence→confident,difference→different詞尾加almusic→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional詞尾加lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,love→lovely詞尾加enwood→wooden,wool→woolen其他常見變化energy→energetic,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的名詞變成形容詞時(shí)，要雙寫該輔音字母再加y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等)，以e結(jié)尾的名詞要去掉e再加y(如noise→noisy,ice→icy,taste→tasty等)動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ive/-ativeattract→attractive,talk→talkative,prevent→preventive,protect→protective二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的具體總結(jié)形容詞后綴1．形容詞后綴able(1)能……的；可……的accept→acceptable可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能適應(yīng)的adjust→adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的 afford→affordable 負(fù)擔(dān)得起的rely→reliable可信賴的，可依靠的 change→changeable 易變的admire→admirable可欽佩的 believe→believable 可相信的(2)具有……的特點(diǎn)enjoy→enjoyable令人愉快的 suit→suitable 合適的fort→fortable舒適的 fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的reason→reasonable合理的 value→valuable有價(jià)值的knowledge→knowledgeable有豐富知識(shí)的，博學(xué)的2．形容詞后綴ful/lesscheer→cheerful興高采烈的 doubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的 thought→thoughtful周到的；深思的peace→peaceful和平的 success→successful成功的regret→regretful后悔的 harm→harmful有害的→harmless無害的help→helpful有幫助的→helpless無助的；無能的 hope→hopeful有希望的→hopeless絕望的use→useful有用的→useless無用的；無效的 power→powerful強(qiáng)有力的→powerless無力的meaning→meaningful有意義的→meaningless無意義的3．形容詞后綴ive/ativeact→active積極的；活躍的 attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意義的create→creative創(chuàng)造性的 progress→progressive進(jìn)步的talk→talkative健談的（別忘了字母a） effect→effective有效的4．形容詞后綴ous（ous還是ious一定要記清楚）continue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的 anxiety→anxious憂慮的caution→cautious小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的danger→dangerous危險(xiǎn)的 humor→humorous幽默的mountain→mountainous多山的 poison→poisonous有毒的ambition→ambitious有野心的 religion→religious宗教的space→spacious寬敞的；廣闊的5．形容詞后綴ble/iblehorror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的；糟糕的vision→visible看得見的 access→accessible容易達(dá)到的；容易取得的6．形容詞后綴yfog→foggy多霧的 taste→tasty美味的；可口的 luck→lucky幸運(yùn)的health→healthy健康的 dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的 greed→greedy貪婪的sun→sunny陽光明媚的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的7．形容詞后綴al/ialculture→cultural文化的 agriculture→agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的 practice→practical實(shí)際的music→musical音樂的 origin→original最初的 person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 tradition→traditional傳統(tǒng)的 option→optional可選擇的，選修的 profession→professional專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的benefit→beneficial有益的 face→facial面部的（看起來很簡(jiǎn)單但很容易錯(cuò)）industry→industrial工業(yè)的 finance→financial金融的8．形容詞后綴icscience→scientific科學(xué)的 economy→economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的 history→historic歷史上著名的 history→historical具有重大歷史意義的energy→energetic精力充沛的 class→classic經(jīng)典的9．形容詞后綴enwood→wooden木制的 gold→golden金色的 wool→wool(l)en羊毛的10．形容詞后綴lydead→deadly致命的 live→lively活躍的 friend→friendly友好的 year→yearly每年的 month→monthly每月的 week→weekly每周的day→daily每日的；日常的 cost→costly昂貴的 order→orderly有次序的三、形容詞的功能在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。一般情況下，單個(gè)的形容詞作定語放在被修飾的詞之后，形容詞短語放在被修飾的詞之前。Heistheonlymanaliveinthevillageaftertheearthquake.地震后他是那個(gè)村子里唯一活著的人。Itisaproblemdifficulttosolve.這是個(gè)難以解決的問題?！雒麕燑c(diǎn)津(1)形容詞作狀語主要表示原因、結(jié)果或伴隨等，其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。Light-heartedandoptimistic,sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.她無憂無慮、積極樂觀，是那種用微笑給別人帶來快樂的人。(2)有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，而不是副詞。常見的有：friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。2．副詞的基本用法(1)副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等。(2019·天津卷)Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisproperlyestablished.狗的飲食習(xí)慣在正確建立之前需要定期的訓(xùn)練?！雒麕燑c(diǎn)津有些副詞，如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作評(píng)注性狀語，往往修飾整個(gè)句子，而且它們常位于句首，且有逗號(hào)與后面的句子分開。(安徽卷)Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.謝天謝地，我終于打完比賽了，所有的辛苦最終都是值得的。（2）有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.幸運(yùn)的是，他沒被淹死，被解放軍給救了。Happilyforher，herstepmotherwaskindtoher.高興的是，她的繼母對(duì)她很好。四、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~→數(shù)詞→描繪詞→(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色)→出處→材料性質(zhì)→類別→名詞asmallroundtable atallgraybuilding adirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschool anexpensiveJapanesesportscar五、形容詞、副詞辨析形容詞副詞的區(qū)別及用法1.late和laterHeislate.Heishalfanhourlate. 他遲到了，遲到了半小時(shí)。Threeminuteslater,hearrived. 三分鐘后，他來了。2.pleased,pleasing與pleasant（1）pleased的含義是“感到滿意，高興”，后常跟介詞at,with。例如：I'mpleasedtoseeyouhere. 在這兒見到你很高興。She'spleasedwithourprogramme. 她對(duì)我們的節(jié)目很滿意。（2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相當(dāng)于“givingpleasure”。例如：Mysister'sprogressindancingispleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的進(jìn)步令人高興。Thebabyhasapleasingvoice. 這個(gè)嬰兒的聲音很悅耳。（3）pleasant表示“快樂的，愉快的”。例如：Thegirlhasapleasantchildhood. 這個(gè)女孩有一個(gè)快樂的童年。Tohaveapleasantholidayismyfavorite. 過一個(gè)愉快的假期是我最喜歡的。3.living,alive與live。在句中充當(dāng)定語及表語。例如：Notalllivingthingsliveonsunlight. 并非所有的生物都依賴陽光生存。Mygrandparentsarestillliving. 我的祖父母仍然健在。（2）alive譯為“活著的”，可以在句中作表語及定語。作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞之后。例如：Hemaybethebusiestpersonalive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。Isthatsheepdeadoralive? 那頭羊是死了還是活著？（3）alive還有“活潑的，活動(dòng)的，有生機(jī)的”之意。例如：Youseemverymuchalivetoday. 你今天看起來很活躍。（4）live表示“活著的”，做“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播”講時(shí)可以用作形容詞、副詞，在句子中可以作定語，表語。Theprogrammeislive./Theprogrammeisbroadcastlive. 這個(gè)節(jié)目是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的。4.worth，worthy與worthwhile（1）worth意為“值得的”，后接ving形式，構(gòu)成“beworthdoing”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可接表示價(jià)格的名詞及錢數(shù)；（2）worthy意為“值得的”，后接“of+名詞（或being+過去分詞）”，構(gòu)成“beworthyof+名詞（或beingdone）”結(jié)構(gòu)或“beworthytobedone”結(jié)構(gòu)。（3）beworthwhiletodosth/doingsth例如：Thiscoatisworthonehundredyuan. 這件上衣價(jià)值一百元。Thisproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed. 這個(gè)問題值得討論。5.too、also、eithertoo和also用于肯定句、疑問句，too多用于口語，also多用于書面語，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。Aretheyingtoo? 他們也來嗎?Sheisyoungandbeautiful,andalsorich. 她年輕漂亮，而且有錢。Hehasn’tfinishedit,either. 他也還沒有做完。6.likely與possible,probablelikely的主語可以是it也可以是名詞或其它代詞，而possible和probable只能用it作主語。7.most與mostlymost做形容詞或代詞，如：moststudents,mostofus；mostly為副詞，表示大部分情況下，或成分中大部分。如：即時(shí)檢測(cè)：1．Bynowmedicalworkershadarrived,andwerelookingafterthe(injure).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）2．Thestudyshowedadeepfearamongthe(elder)ofbeingabandonedtothecareofstrangers.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)3．Tosumup,TheCurseoftheWereRabbitisanamazingfilmwhichis（suit）forbothchildrenandadults.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4．Wemustkeepregularhoursandgetplentyofexercisetostay(energy)andfit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5．Whenwecouldn’twear(fashion)clothes,weneverblamedourmother.考點(diǎn)二副詞的構(gòu)成與句法功能一、副詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律類別例詞形容詞＋后綴lyclear→clearly,great→greatly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly,sincere→sincerely以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變成i再加lyhappy→happily,heavy→heavily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的發(fā)音為/a?/，直接加-ly)詞尾為-ble/-le的形容詞，去掉e，再加yterrible→terribly,possible→possibly,gentle→gently,probable→probably,fortable→fortably,responsible→responsibly,suitable→suitably(例外：whole→wholly)詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉e再加lytrue→truly(高中階段僅此一例)詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加yfull→fully,dull→dully詞尾為ic的形容詞，加allybasic→basically,scientific→scientifically,specific→specifically,automatic→automatically二、副詞的句法功能副詞是一種詞類，常用于限制、說明、修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、句子等。副詞在句子中用作狀語時(shí)，常位于動(dòng)詞的后面、形容詞的前面、句首等位置；副詞在句子中作表語時(shí)位于系動(dòng)詞之后；副詞在句子中作定語時(shí)位于所修飾或限制的修飾詞的后面；副詞在句子中作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)位于賓語的后面。這些是副詞的基本用法，應(yīng)牢記和熟練掌握。具體解讀(1)副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或修飾整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等。①[2020·全國卷Ⅰ]Landingonthemoon'sfarsideisextremelychallenging.登陸月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的。②[2021·全國乙卷書面表達(dá)]Besides,wecanabsorballkindsofresourcestolearnmoreefficiently.此外，我們可以吸收各種資源來更有效地學(xué)習(xí)。③[2020·新高考山東卷讀后續(xù)寫]Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved,especiallyBernardwhofinallyfoundawaytomakemoneyforhisfamily.不用說，他們都深受感動(dòng)，尤其是伯納德，他終于找到了賺錢養(yǎng)家的方法。(2)?？嫉倪B接性副詞：though“然而，可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期間”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，還有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“盡管，即使這樣”；otherwise“否則”。Theyoungmancouldn'taffordanewcar.Instead,heboughtausedone.那個(gè)年輕人買不起新車，便買了一輛二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I'dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.這個(gè)房子太貴、太大了，而且，我已經(jīng)越來越喜歡我們租的這間小屋了。三、形容詞和副詞的辨析1.early，alone,enough,fast,better,best,downstairs,upstairs,far,under,straight,(表示方位)left,right,back,front,(表示數(shù)量)little,muchHealwaysgetsupearly,becauseheknowsthattheearlybirdcatchestheworm.他總是起床很早，因?yàn)樗涝缙鸬镍B兒有蟲吃。(前者為副詞，作狀語；后者為形容詞，作定語)Helikestobealoneandalwaysgoesoutalone.他喜歡一個(gè)人，總是單獨(dú)外出。(前者為形容詞，作表語；后者為副詞，作狀語)2.hard,very,past,still,well,that,this等Hardworkleadstosuccess.努力工作通向成功。(為形容詞作定語，意為“艱苦的，努力的”)UndertheleadershipoftheParty,thepeopleareworkinghard.在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，人民努力工作。(為副詞作狀語，意為“努力地”)StandstillwhileItakeaphotoofyou.我給你拍照的時(shí)候站著別動(dòng)。(為形容詞作表語，意為“不動(dòng)的；靜止的”)Althoughitwasmidnight,ourteacherwerestillworking.盡管半夜了，我們老師依然在工作。(為副詞作狀語，意為“仍然”)3.既可作形容詞又可作副詞且有-ly表抽象概念(有-ly)的詞情況形容詞副詞（抽象含義）deep深的Theholeisdeep.這個(gè)洞很深。深地；在深處Heworkeddeepintothenight.他工作到深夜。deeply深深地；深刻地Heisdeeplymoved.他被深深地打動(dòng)了。wide寬闊的；寬的Theriveris10meterswide.關(guān)闊地；充分地Openyoureyeswide.睜大你的眼睛。widely廣泛地Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英語在世界上被普遍應(yīng)用。high高的高；向高處Hejumpshigh.他跳的很高。highly高度地；非常Heishighlyspokenof.他被高度評(píng)價(jià)。close近的；親密的；仔細(xì)的Heismyclosefriend.他是我關(guān)系很好的朋友。挨著；接近Standclosetothedoor.站的挨著門。closely密切地Listenclosely.仔細(xì)地聽。4．有無-ly意義大不相同的形容詞和副詞hard與hardlyHeworkshardathislessons.他努力學(xué)習(xí)功課。(副詞，意為“努力地”)ThenewsissogoodthatIcanhardlybelieveit'strue.這個(gè)消息太好了，我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信這是真的。(副詞，意為“幾乎不”)sharp與sharplyItwastwelveo'clocksharp.現(xiàn)在12點(diǎn)整了。(副詞，意為“整點(diǎn)，恰好”)“Don'ttalknonsense”，shesaidsharply.“別胡扯”，她嚴(yán)厲地說。(副詞，意為“嚴(yán)厲地”)fair與fairlyOnelearnstofighthardbutfightfair,towinwithoutprideandtolosewithgrace.一個(gè)人要學(xué)會(huì)努力奮斗，但要公平奮斗，贏而不驕，輸而不失風(fēng)度。(副詞，意為“公平地”)Itisfairlywarmtoday.今天相當(dāng)暖和。(副詞，意為“相當(dāng)，很”)near與nearlyMayDayisdrawingnear.五一即將到來。(副詞，意為“在附近；不久以后”)Myteacherisnearly60yearsold,andheteacheswell.我的老師將近60歲，他教得很好。(副詞，意為“幾乎，將近”)short與shortlyPaperisrunningshort.紙快用完了。(副詞，意為“短缺地”)He'llbebackshortly.他很快就會(huì)回來。(副詞，意為“不久”)most與mostlyWhatstruckmemostwashiscourage.最令我吃驚的是他的勇氣。(副詞，much的最高級(jí)，意為“最”)Itwasamosttouchingscene.那是極其動(dòng)人的場(chǎng)面。(形容詞，意為“很；十分；極其”)Theyaremostlyvisitingscientists.他們大多是來訪的科學(xué)家。(副詞，意為“大部分地，主要地”)即時(shí)檢測(cè)：6．Heclaimedthathewasbuttherewasnoevidencetoprovehis.(innocent)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)7．Mr.Brookeisan(extreme)kindandgenerousman.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)8．(general)speaking,theweatherhereisneitherhotnorcold.9．(similar),drivingoverthespeedlimitorafter(consume)alcoholincreasesthelikelihoodoftrafficaccidents.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)10．Youmayoftenjudgeyourselfbywhatisontheoutside,notontheinside.,likeabook,yourcontentsaremuchmoreimportantthanyourcover.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)考點(diǎn)三形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)①形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，一般直接加er或est；以e結(jié)尾的直接加r或st；以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞注意雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母；以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加er或est；多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most。兩者或兩部分之間比較，多用比較級(jí)；三者或三者以上的比較，可以使用最高級(jí)。②比較級(jí)常常和than連用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等詞修飾。③倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋than＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(jí)(＋名詞)＋as＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋and＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。⑤“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”表示“越……，就越……”。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1．少數(shù)以er，ow，y或le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，可以加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiest simple→simpler→simplest2．有些形容詞沒有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(東方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)為不規(guī)則變化，需牢記。good/well→better→best bad/ill→worse→worst many/much→more→mostlittle→less→least old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther→farthest(指具體空間上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4．比較級(jí)的基本用法(1)同級(jí)比較①as＋adj./adv.(原級(jí))＋as...“和……一樣”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原級(jí))＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因?yàn)槿藗兿矚g幽默，所以在談話中或其他任何地方它都是受歡迎的。②當(dāng)as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時(shí)，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：as＋形容詞原級(jí)＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as...as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天對(duì)房間進(jìn)行了大掃除之后我非常累，我從來沒有過比今天更累的一天了。(2)比較級(jí)比較“形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”?！發(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定決心，沒有什么能夠改變。5．比較級(jí)的特殊用法①“more＋原級(jí)＋than＋原級(jí)”表示“與其說……不如說……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.與其說這個(gè)女孩是受了傷，不如說是受到了驚嚇。②“morethan＋主語＋can＋謂語”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容詞比較級(jí)前一般不用冠詞，但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語時(shí)，就需要加定冠詞。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.這兩姐妹中，瑪麗更聰明。6．比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義在某個(gè)特定范圍內(nèi)，同類事物對(duì)比，可用以下比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。①比較級(jí)＋than＋anyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)②比較級(jí)＋than＋theother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)③比較級(jí)＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoftheother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)⑤“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”也可表示最高級(jí)含義。ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中國是亞洲最大的國家。即中國比亞洲其他任何國家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說了。7．最高級(jí)的基本用法(1)形容詞最高級(jí)(＋名詞)＋表示范圍的狀語Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。(2)oneof＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我國最大的城市之一。(3)序數(shù)詞＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。即時(shí)檢測(cè)：11．It’sjustwhatIwanted,andIcan’texpecta(good)gift.12．Ifyoufollowthesestepsandputyour(good)footforwardinyourinterview,youwillbeonestepclosertoreachingtheendoftherainbowand(obtain)yourdreamjob.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)13．The(generous)peoplespendmoney,themorelikelytheyaretofacemoneyproblems.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)14．Duringaninterview,ProfessorHawkingwarnedthatAI(人工智能)wouldsoonreachalevelwhereitwouldbea“newformoflife”thatwouldperform(well)thanhumans.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)15．Dividedintofivesections,thelongrunningshowisaimedtoofferartcollectorsandthegeneralpublicalikeanopportunitytolearnaboutChina’smodern,contemporaryprintartand(far)explorethemarketvalueofprints,accordingtoLiuZehui,thepersoninchargeoftheshow.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練】語法填空1．ConservationistsinChileareconcernedovertheeffectof(merce)exploitationofforests.2．Wegoanddothe(week)shoppingeveryThursday.3．(individual)inventorscontributedsignificantlytotechnologicaladvancementsduringtheIndustrialRevolution.4．(individual)leadersoftenmadepivotaldecisionsthatchangedthecourseofhistory.5．The(individual)experiencesofimmigrantsenrichedtheculturalfabricofthecountry.6．(individual)artistsleftalastingimpactontheartworld.7．Regularexerciseis(benefit)tomentalhealthbyreducingstressandimprovingmood.8．Themuseumstaffare(sense)totheneedforpreservingartifacts.9．Forthosewithfamilymembersfarawaythepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinkeeping(connect).10．Being(embarrass)aboutyourpastactionscanpreventyoufrommovingforward.11．Withthelights,theroomwaspitchblack.12．Heplaystheviolin(classical)andhaswonseveralpetitions.13．Shetrained(classical)inballetfromayoungage.14．Thestudentslistened(eager)totheprofessor’slectureonancienthistory.15．Seeingtherecoveryofanendangeredspecies(emotion)movesconservationistswhohaveworkedtirelesslyfortheirprotection.16．Shegaveawaythesecret(accident)duetopanic.17．Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youcanexercise(regular)inagym.18．Thechildrenlookedatme(curious),askingwhereIcamefrom.19．Visitorstothefestivalare(mental)stimulatedbythewiderangeofperformancesandexhibits.20．(hope)wecanfindawayofsolvingthisproblem.21．Susan,abiologystudenthasakeeninterestinwildlifeandwouldliketoknowhowpeopleandwildlifecancoexist(peaceful)inanarea.22．Thiskindofglovesare(slight)moreexpensivebuttheylastalotlonger.23．A(balance)approachtourbanplanningensuresthatnewdevelopmentsdonotharmculturalheritagesites.24．Heis(determine)totakegoodcareofhisparentsfromnowon.25．Wewereexpectingtowin,soadraw(平局)wasa(disappoint)resultforus.【能力提升】閱讀理解ATwoSpecialMuseumsBarbed(有刺的)WireMuseumIsthisthestrangestmuseumofall?Onething’sforsure—youwon’twanttotouchthehandiworkondisplay!InventedbyJosephGliddenin1874,thistypeofwirefencingquicklyturnedintoamultimilliondollarindustry.Wherefarmersoncelettheiranimalswanderfreelyacrosstheprairies(草地),thiswirenowenabledlandtobesectioned—andthatinturn,changedthefaceofthe“WildWest”!Openedin1971,themuseumdisplaysover2,000varietiesofbarbedwire,aswellastoolsandequipmentusedinfencing.Whowouldehere?Thethousandsofbarbedwirefansacrosstheworld,itseems!TheSaltandPepperShakerMuseumOpenedin2001,theownersofthissmallmuseuminTennessee,USAareseriouscollectors!Theirmuseumhousesover20,000differentsaltandpeppershakers,someofwhichdatebackthousandsofyears!Withshakersshapedasastronauts,chickens,monks,lettersandcutepuppies,youwillbeamazedattheenormousvarietyonshow!Andwhileyoulookthroughtheirpackedshelves,youalsogettolearntheratherinterestinghistorybehindsaltandpepper.OnesaltshakertheLuddenfamilydon’thaveintheirmuseumistheCelliniSaltCellar.ThiswaspresentedtoFrancisI,KingofFrance,in1543andwasmadefrompuregoldandit’sworthanamazing€50million!1．Whenwasbarbedwirefencinginvented?A．In1874. B．In1971. C．In2001. D．In1543.2．WhatcanwedointheSaltandPepperShakerMuseum?A．Takephotoswithastronauts. B．Usedifferentkindsofshakers.C．Learnhistoryaboutsaltandpepper. D．AdmireashakeronceusedbyFrancisI.3．Whatdothetwomuseumshaveinmon?A．Theyshowsomethingfamous. B．Theyshowsomethingunusual.C．Theyshowsomethingpopular. D．Theyshowsomethinghelpful.BFinnslovetoread:It’stheirfavoritethingtodointheirtimeoff.ThecountryisalittlesmallerthanMontana,butitslibrarynetworkislarger,withhundredsofcentrallibraries,branchlibrariesandmobilelibraries.IwastwoyearsoldwhenmyfamilysetfootinFinland.WesettledinPorvoo,asmallcityofaround50,000peopleaboutanhourawayfromthecapital,Helsinki.Onethingitdidn’thavewerebooksinmyfamily’slanguage—myfirstlanguage,Albanian.Ican’tsaythatIwaseverencouragedtopickupabook.ButonceIlearnedhowtoreadFinnish,Ineverstopped,beingafrequentsightatthesmallschoollibrary.Iwas10yearsoldwhenthenewbuildingofthemainlibraryofPorvooopeneditsdoorstothepublic.WhenIvisitedforthefirsttime,IwassoinawethatIcried.Irarely,however,borrowedabook.PerhapsIwasjustscaredthatsomethingwouldhappentothebooksiftheyweresomewheretheydidn’tseemtobelong.Butunliketherealworld,booksneverdistressedme—evencrime,horrorandthrillertitles—andIreadeverything.IspentasmuchtimeasIcouldinthenewlibrary—fallinginlovewithbooksandstoriesandtheFinnishlanguage;gainingconfidenceasaspeaker;anddreamingofwritingabookofmyownoneday,slowlygrowingfromareadertoawriter.4．WhatproblemdidtheauthormeetwitharrivinginFinland?A．Hehadfewfriendstomakewith. B．Hefeltdiscouragedtoreadabook.C．Hecouldn’treadbooksinFinnish. D．Hecouldn’tfindavailablelibraries.5．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthenewlybuiltlibraryofPorvoo?A．Ittookadecadetobuild. B．ItneverfailedtoimpressC．Itreceivedthemostreaders. D．Itarousedreaders’creativity.6．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“distressed”inparagraph4?A．Worried. B．Drew. C．Satisfied. D．Surprised.7．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ExperienceCulturesofFinland B．RecallOldDaysinAlbaniaC．PursueMyDreamsinHelsinki D．ReadMyWayThroughPorvooCSmartglassesthatsendoutasoundwhenanobjectesintotheirfieldofviewcouldhelppeoplewhoareblindtolocatecertainitems.Blindpeoplecanbetrainedtomoveviaecholocation(回聲定位).Thisinvolvesthemsendingoutanoisethatbouncesoffobjectsaroundthem,withthereturningechoesgivinginformationabouttheirsurroundingarea.Inspiredbythisability,HoweZhuattheUniversityofTechnologySydneyinAustraliaandhiscolleagueswantedtocreateglassesthatsimilarlygivepeopleinformationaboutwhatobjectsareclosetothem.TheresearchersfirsttookapairofARglasseswithtwofrontfacingcamerasandbuiltinspeakers.Theythendesignedasmartphoneappthatuseddeeplearningtoprocessthevisualinformationcapturedbytheglassestoidentifyfourobjects:abowl,cup,bookandbottle.Theteamprogrammedasoundtoplayfromthespeakerswhenoneoftheobjectscameintotheglasses’fieldofviewasawearerscannedtheirheadaroundaroom.Eachoftheobjectswasassignedaconnectedsound.Forexample,whenabookcameintoview,thewearerheardapageturning.Totesttheglasses,theteamenlistedsevenpeoplewithvaryingdegreesoflightsenseandsevenpeoplewithnosightissueswhowereblindfolded.Theysatatatablewiththefourobjectsarrangedontop.Whenaskedtopickuponeoftheobjects,theparticipantswhowereeitherblindorhadlowvisionwereabletodosocorrectly81%ofthetime,paredwitha73%successratefortheblindfoldedparticipants.Theresearchersnowhopetodevelopthistechnologytorecognizemoreobjectsandtoallowpeopletouseitwhiletheyarewalkingaround.8．WhydoesHoweZhudevelopsmartglasses?A．Toidentifythenearbyitems. B．Toconfirmthereturningechoes.C．Toenhancethetrafficsafetylevel. D．Totestthefunctionofordinaryglasses.9．Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Theouteoftheexperiment. B．Theprocessoftheexperiment.C．Theimportanceoftheexperiment. D．Thepurposeoftheexperiment.10．WhatcanbelearnedaboutHoweZhu’ssmartglasses?A．Participantspreferwearingthem. B．Researchersdoubttheirfunctions.C．Theybenefitthosewithlowvision. D．Theycataloguedifferentinformation.11．Whatcolumnofawebsiteisthetexttaken?A．Education. B．Culture. C．Amusement. D．Technology.DTherearetwodistinctivetypesofelectricbusesmakingtheirwayalongNanjingXiLu,oneofShanghai’sbusiestroads.Thefirstisafleetofbluetrolleybusesthatservebusroutenumber20,alinesetupbyaBritishruntransportpanyin1928.Theyusepolestoreceiveelectricityfromwiresoverheadandhavekepttherouterunninginthiswayfornearlyacentury.ButwhilethehistoricelectricbusesareareminderofEurope’spasttechnologicalinnovation,thenewbusestravelingalongsidethemaresymbolsofChina’scontemporarynetzeroambition.Thesemodernelectricbusespoweredbylithiumbatteries(鋰電池),wereintroducedinShanghaiin2014.Theyofferasmootherride,especiallyduringstartsandstops.WidelyusedacrossChina,thesebusesarekeytothecountry’sEVtransitionandareinfluencingtheglobalshifttowardsgreentransportation.ThemostrecentdataavailableshowsthatChinain2018wasstillthesecondlargestsourceofcarbondioxideemissionsintheglobaltransportsector,responsiblefor11%,andbehindonlytheUnitedStates,whichaccountedfor21%.Afteraroundtwodecadesofgovernmentsupport,Chinanowboaststheworld’slargestmarketforebuses,makingupmorethan95%ofglobalstock.Attheendof2022,China’sMinistryofTransportannouncedthatmorethanthreequarters(77%or542,600)ofallurbanbusesinthecountrywerenewenergyvehicles.Thespeedofthistransitionwasremarkable.Sofar,however,theChinesecitieswiththemostsuccessfulebusintroduction—suchasShenzhen,BeijingandShanghai—allhavemoderateweatherandarerelativelyflat.Totakeitsebuscampaigntothenextlevel,Chinafaceschallenges.Foronething,itisdifficulttobringfleetstocitiessuchasHongKong,which—likeLondon—havedoubledeckers.Thesetwostoreyedvehiclesare“veryhard”toelectrify,becausetheyareheavier,usemoreenergy,andsoneedbiggerbatteries,reducingthenumberofpassengerstheycancarry.Coldweatherisaproblem,too,asitcanmakeabattery’schargingtimelongeranditsrangeshorter.ThereasonChinahasnotachieved100%electrificationforitsbusesisitsnorthernregions,whichhavecoldwinters,saysXueLulu,atransportationexpertattheWorldResourcesInstituteChina.12