高中英語語法板塊歸納和總結(jié)：主謂一致

主謂一致英語的一致關(guān)系的其中一條就是要求謂語動詞與主語之間保持人稱和數(shù)的一致,,問題的關(guān)鍵就是要弄清誰是主語,謂語與那一個(gè)詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.一．謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式1表示時(shí)間，數(shù)目，距離，價(jià)格等名詞復(fù)數(shù)作為主語，作為整體看時(shí)謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)，如：tenpounds，fiveweeks，threemiles等eg：Tenpoundsisenoughforsuchathinbook.2非謂語動詞中的動詞-ing(（即動名詞）形式,不定式或者從句做主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。whenwewilldiscusstheproblemhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Smokingisbadforus.3以-s結(jié)尾的書，報(bào)刊，地名，組織名稱或是以-ics結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科(physics/politics/maths/mathematics/statistics)，以S結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞做主語的時(shí)候，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Mathematicsisthelanguageofscience.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.TheNewYorkTimessellswellintheUSA.Rootswasabookaboutaslavefamily.Thenewsisashocktothem.４在下列短語中，雖然有and連接，但仍然視為單數(shù)：each…andeach…，every…andevery…，no…andno…,manya…andmanya...或者雖有and連接，但表示同一人或物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlinourclasslikesthepopstar.Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Manyaworkerandengineerhassucceededintheexperiment.Manyaboy(andmanyagirl)isveryglad.Noboyandnogirlwantstoservethepeople.區(qū)別于：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.下列各詞?？醋髡w：breadandbutter（黃油面包），aknifeandfork（一副刀叉），acartandhouse（一輛馬車），aneedleandthread（針線）５不定代詞eｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ／ａｎｙｏｎｅ／ｎｏｏｎｅ／ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ／ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ／ｓｏｍｅｂｏｄｙ／ｎｏｂｏｄｙ／／或是用ｅａｃｈ／ｅｖｅｒｙ／ｗｈｏｌｅ／ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｍａｎｙａ／ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｅ＋單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Tｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｎａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｄｅｅｐｉｎｔｏｓｏｒｒｏｗａｔｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｏｆｈｉｓｄｅａｔｈ．Everyoneishere.Eachboyhasabook.Eachofushasataperecorder.Neitherofthemlikesme.Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.6數(shù)詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。算式中謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以Tenisaroundnumber.Theretimesfiveis(are)fifteen.7Oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.二謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式1形容詞帶the表一類人，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)加定冠詞表示一家人，s結(jié)尾的海峽，瀑布，山脈與群島(NiagaraFalls尼亞加拉瀑布等），謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。TheSmithsoftenplaywiththeirchildrenintheirsparetimeTheoldaretakengoodcareofhere.TheHimalyasyasaretheceilingoftheworld.2the與English/Japanese/Swiss/French/police/cattle/folk(人們，人民)等集體名詞一起連用是用復(fù)數(shù)。Look,Thecattleareeatinggrassinthehill.TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenceofhumour.Thepolicearerunningafterathief.三謂語動詞二原則1：堅(jiān)持就前一致的的原則（就遠(yuǎn)一致）。TogetherwithAlongwith/withBesides/but/except/inadditionto名詞+aswellas +名詞+謂語動詞IncludingRatherthanlike（像。。。一樣）morethanaccompaniedby謂語動詞與前面的名詞保持一致。Ateachertogetherwithstudentsiscoming.Youratherthanheareonduty.(是你在值日,而不是他.)Theteacheraswellasstudendswaslateforthemeeting.2：堅(jiān)持就近一致的原則(1)在eitherAorB，notonlyAbutalsoB，neitherAnorB,AorB,notAbutB結(jié)構(gòu)中，Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.Notonlyhebutalsoyouarewrong.(2)therebe和herebe句型中Hereisapen,abook,twopencilsandsomerules.Therearesomebooksandapen.四定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中關(guān)系代詞如果在從句中作主語，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。（1）當(dāng)先行詞是oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）當(dāng)先行詞是theonlyoneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。五根據(jù)具體情況考慮謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1集體名詞作主語像army/class/family/team/party/enemy/group/government/couple/audience/（觀眾）crew/crowd/company/committee(委員會)等作主語時(shí)，如果指整體概念時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyisn’tlarge.Theclassismadeupoffortyfivestudents.如果指整體里的具體成員時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myfamilyareallinterestedincollectedincollectingstamps.2分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)以及therest/most/half/all+of+名詞作主語,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的名詞決定。如果of后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。M.ostofthemhavebeenhere;therestarearrivinglater.Thebeginningofthebookisboring,buttherestisinteresting.Seventypercentofhisincomegoestotherent.60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.3當(dāng)some作一些講時(shí)，跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，跟不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)作“某個(gè)”講時(shí)，跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Somestudentslikeplayingfootball.Somestudentiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.4what/who/which在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞的形式要考慮表語的單復(fù)數(shù)。whatshesaidisofgreatimportant.Whatsheleftareonlysomeoldbooks.六主謂一致的個(gè)別情況1thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,theamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù);anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.2What'stheamountofmoney?3AlargequantityofAvarietyof +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與quantity/variety/massAmassof保持一致，用單數(shù)。LargequantitiesofVarietiesof +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與quantities/varieties/massesof mases一致，用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與amount一致，用單數(shù)。但是：Largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與amounts一致，用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Largeamountsofwaterhavebeenwasted.Alargeamountofwaterhasbeenwasted.3單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞Means，sheep,species,series,deer，works(工廠)主要看前面的修飾詞，如果被these/those/all/both/several/ten，等復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞修飾，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果被each/every/no等單數(shù)意義的詞修飾，則用單數(shù)。Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.Thismeansisveryuseful.Onesheepisill.Allthesheeparemissing.Theglassworkswassetupin1998.Theseglassworksarenearthetrainstation.但是：works指“作品，著作”講時(shí)，謂語一定用復(fù)數(shù)。Shakespeare'sworksincludeplaysandpoems.4.Population作主語通常情況下用單數(shù);但是當(dāng)被分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)所修飾限制時(shí)，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)，尤其用作主語，表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)。ThepopulationofChinaisundercontrol.What’sthepopulationofChina?EightypercentofthepopulationofChinaarefarmers.5倒裝句的主謂一致關(guān)鍵要分清倒裝句的形式，是完全倒裝，還是部分倒裝Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.Onthewallaretwolargepictures.6有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語如trousers，Pants，shoes,clothes,glasses，scissors,compasses,chopsticks,）等謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是當(dāng)前面有apairof，asetof,aseriesof,