第二講　非謂語動詞

第二講非謂語動詞●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標●單句語法填空1．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft________(want)morenexttime.2．[2023·北京卷]Shecalledforaction________(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworldfacing“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”．3．[2023·全國甲卷]“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins,________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.4．[2023·全國乙卷]FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully________(build)systemofringroads.5．[2022·全國乙卷]Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha________(share)futureformankind.6．[2022·全國甲卷]Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an,asafirststep________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.8．[2021·浙江卷1月]In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries________(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.9．[2021·天津3月卷]China'sNationalHighway318,________(extend)over5,000kilometersfromShanghaitoZhangmu,Tibet,isknownasthe“heavenlyroad”foritsamazingviews.●考點研析/破重點·析疑難·精準清障●考點一非謂語動詞的形式及句法功能1.主動形式、被動形式：非謂語動詞與邏輯主語(通常是句子的主語)之間往往存在主謂或動賓關系：與邏輯主語之間存在主謂關系時，用主動形式；與邏輯主語之間存在動賓關系時，用被動形式。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天舉行的會議非常重要。2．時間先后關系根據(jù)它與謂語動詞表示的動作之間的時間先后關系定時態(tài)。(1)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時發(fā)生，用非謂語動詞的一般式。Heheardthesongbeingsungnextdoor.他聽到隔壁有人在唱這首歌。(2)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，用非謂語動詞的完成式。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.他完成作業(yè)之后就去睡覺了?？键c二非謂語動詞作狀語1.不定式作狀語(1)作目的狀語Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.我穿過馬路以便避開他，但他看到我并朝我跑了過來。(2)onlytodosth.為不定式作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果。Wehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我們急匆匆地趕到車站，結果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。(3)表示情緒、情感類的形容詞或過去分詞作表語時，后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見詞有：happy,lucky,glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.你永遠不會知道我昨天見到她有多高興。(4)在“主語＋系動詞＋表語(形容詞)＋todo”結構中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。該結構中常用的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，fortable，safe，dangerous等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisveryfortabletositon.這把椅子看上去很硬，但實際上坐上去很舒服。2．分詞作狀語：分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，一般在句中作時間、原因、結果、方式、條件、伴隨、讓步等狀語。Translatedinto(＝Whenitwastranslatedinto)English,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(作條件狀語)這個句子被譯成英語后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一個完全不同的語序。Notknowing(＝Becausehedidn'tknow)howmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddledinhiscaveandslept.(作原因狀語)因為不知道還能維持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯做了他能做的唯一一件事——蜷縮在他的山洞里睡覺。Used(＝Ifitisused)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.(作條件狀語)如果小心使用，一罐可以用六個星期。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.(作結果狀語)中國已經(jīng)修建了更多的公路，這讓人們的出行變得更容易。3．獨立成分作狀語：有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。?？嫉挠術enerally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof,judgingfrom/by,takingeverythingintoconsideration,paredto/with,tobefrank，totell(you)thetruth,tobehonest,tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHongKong.從口音判斷，他來自香港。Totellyouthetruth,Iamalittletired.說實話，我有點累。4．獨立主格結構：非謂語動詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應和句子主語保持一致。但有時非謂語動詞帶有自己的邏輯主語，在句子中作狀語，我們稱之為獨立主格結構。(1)獨立主格結構的特點：①獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。②獨立主格結構中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動或被動關系。③獨立主格結構一般用逗號與句子分開。(2)獨立主格結構的常見構成：①名詞/代詞＋分詞；②名詞/代詞＋不定式；③with/without＋名詞/代詞＋分詞/不定式。Weatherpermitting,weshallplaythematchtomorrow.明天如果天氣好，我們就進行比賽。Thetestfinished(＝Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考試結束后，我們就開始放假了。即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·全國乙卷]________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.2．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.3．[2022·全國乙卷]________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,invitingtwenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.4．[2022·全國甲卷]Heflew4，700kilometersfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,________(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.5．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeirexistingsenses,inawaysimilartothatof________(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup________(see)them.8．Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology________(change)lives.9．________(pare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees，TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.10．________(locate)inabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehouseisbigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.考點三非謂語動詞作定語定語形式功能現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示動作是主動進行的行為或者正在進行當中現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動結構beingdone表示動作是被動行為且正在進行當中過去分詞done表示動作是被動完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成動詞不定式todo表示將要發(fā)生的動作動詞不定式一般式的被動結構tobedone表示將要被做的動作①WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.我們被邀請參加下星期五在我們俱樂部舉辦的晚會。②Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveatschoolandthelasttoleaveschool.他總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。③Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoying(whoenjoyed)themselvesinthesunshine.公園里人山人海，人們在陽光下玩得很快樂。④TsinghuaUniversity,founded(whichwasfounded)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.清華大學建立于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。【名師指津】(1)準確判定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系還是被動關系；(2)準確判定非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間，即是正在進行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。Theproblemdiscussedatthelastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]Shanghaimaybethe________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongBao'sbirthplace.2．[2023·全國甲卷]Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage________(intend)foreveryone.3．[2022·全國甲卷]InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe________(fall)child.5．[2022·北京卷]Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention________(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.6．[2022·北京卷]Onetheory,increasingly________(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.7．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour________(ache)legs.8．[2021·浙江1月卷]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople________(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.9．[2021·北京卷]From2000to2019，therewere7，348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,________(result)inUSD2，970billionineconomicloss.10．Apieceofstone________(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.考點四非謂語動詞作賓語1.只接不定式作賓語的動詞：agree,plan,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail(未能),pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen(碰巧)等。Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.這里的活動從觀鯨到徒步旅行，并且住宿宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達到很小。2．只接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語：admit,avoid,consider,escape(避開),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feellike,giveup,putoff,objectto,lookforwardto等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等結構中也用動名詞作賓語。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我避免提及這個話題，以免冒犯他。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim？今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？3．接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞：forgettodosth.regrettodosth.remembertodosth.stoptodosth.trytodosth.goontodosth.meantodosth.can—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那將意味著浪費許多勞動力。—Really？Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——是嗎？我并沒打算浪費勞動力?！久麕熤附颉?1)動詞want,need,require作“需要”講時，其后要用v.-ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動詞還有deserve(值得)和demand(需要)。(2)不定式作動詞(短語)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,findout等的賓語時，前面常帶引導詞how,what,whether,where,when,who等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時，若前有實義動詞do，不定式要省略to。即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2．[2022·浙江1月卷]ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans________(continue)thepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.”，shesays,“areallypositivechange.”3．[2022·全國乙卷改]Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnot________(cause)airpollution.4．[2022·全國甲卷改]Iwasunwillingtotalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnot________(stay)outwithmyfriendstoolate.5．[2021·全國甲卷]After________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!6．Nextkeepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymean________(accept)theactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.考點五非謂語動詞作賓補1.不定式作賓補：不定式作賓補時，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關系，不定式表示將要發(fā)出的主動動作。常接不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.完成項目之后，她被學校邀請去給新生講話。(1)有些動詞，如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find等后常用tobe作賓補或主補。Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard-workingpeopleintheworld.中國人被認為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedoing結構中，不定式用作主語補足語。ThepresidentwasreportedtohavevisitedChina.據(jù)報道，那位總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)訪問了中國。2．分詞作賓補(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時，現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，且強調(diào)正在進行的主動動作?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)，使役動詞(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？(2)過去分詞作賓補時，過去分詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，且表示被動動作。可接過去分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)，使役動詞(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Hefoundhimselfsurroundedbysomanystrangers.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己周圍有那么多陌生人。(3)使役動詞have,get后接非謂語動詞作補語的異同點：①havesth.done＝getsth.done讓別人做某事；②havesb./sth.doing讓……一直做某事；getsth./sb.doing使……開始做某事；③havesb.dosth.=makesb.dosth＝getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事。Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed．在開車進城之前，你需要洗洗車。(4)with的復合結構：①with＋賓語＋doing表示主動，說明動作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；②with＋賓語＋done表示被動或完成；③with＋賓語＋todo表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem．這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。Withsuchashorttimeleftbeforethedeadline,itdoesn'tseemlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.截止日期之前只剩下很短的時間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。Withalotofworktodo,shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室。即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·新課標Ⅰ卷]Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2．Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3．Theystartbuildingtheirhutslateinthesummer，butdonotgetthem________(finish)beforetheearlyfrost.4．[2024·江西南昌市八一中學模擬]Someyoungpeopleknowwhattheywanttodo,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideas________(wander)aroundintheirheads.5．[2024·湖北恩施市一中模擬預測]Sincetherailwaywasputintooperationin2011,Yuxinouhaslaunchedmorethan30routes,withover40citiesacross26countries________(connect),andtherouteshaverecordedover8，000freighttraintrips.考點六非謂語動詞作主語和表語1.不定式作主語和表語(1)不定式作主語時，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。Itisimpossibleforaboytowalkorbiketheentire80kilometers.步行或騎行這完整的80千米是不可能的。(2)不定式作表語時：①表示預定要發(fā)生的動作；②當主語是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等詞時，常用不定式作表語；③主語為what引導的名詞性從句時，表語多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是將來當一名醫(yī)生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolistoimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。2．動名詞作主語和表語(1)動名詞作主語常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主語，把作真正主語的動名詞短語放在句末。常用于固定句型：It'sawasteoftimedoing...;It'snouse/gooddoing...;Itisuselessdoing...;Thereisnopoint/sensedoing...等。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方法。It'snouseplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行動而只是抱怨是沒用的。(2)動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek.＝Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob.我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。(3)remain作系動詞時，意為“仍然是”時，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語；但作不及物動詞時，意為“尚待……；留待……”時，后常接tobedone。Sheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣埶?，但她還是站著。Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly-formedmittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委員會提出的方針能否實行還有待觀察。即學即練單句語法填空1．[2023·全國乙卷]Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears________(record)everythingIdiscovered.2．[2021·全國甲卷]Itispossible________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.3．[2021·全國乙卷]Minimizetheimpactof________(visit)theplace.4．[2020·全國卷Ⅱ]Theyareeasy__________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.5．[2020·北京卷]Ittakesthemhundredsofyears________(break)down.●小試牛刀/夯基礎·提技能·高效備考●Ⅰ.語法填空[2024·湖北省華中師范大學附屬中學模擬]ThefirsttimeIenteredthebusyChinesehotpotrestaurant,Iwasimmediatelyimpressedbythedelicioussmellsandlivelychatter.Thewaiterhandedmeamenu,butitwaspredominantlywritteninChinese,1.________characterswerepletelybeyondmyprehension.Withsomehesitation,Idecidedtotake2.________leapoffaithandpointedatafewitemsonthemenuthatlooked3.________(invite)．Asthebubblingpotwasset4.________(boil),Iwatchedwithfascinationasthewaiterpouredafragrantbroth(肉湯)intoit.5.________(mix)withchilipeppers,Sichuanpeppercorns,andothermysteriousspices,thepotreleasedamouthwateringaromaintotheair.Themomentoftruthcame6.________Itentativelydippedmychopsticksintothebrothandaddedasliceofthinlyslicedbeefandahandfulofvegetables.Thefirstbitewasan7.________(explode)offlavors.ThenumbingsensationfromtheSichuanpeppercornsdancedonmytongue,andIunderstoodthereasonfortherestaurant'sname,“SpicyHeaven.”Icontinuedtoexperiment,tryingvariousingredientsand8.________(marvel)atnotonlythefood,butalsotheadventure,the9.________(delight)surpriseofaworldofflavorsinasinglebubblingpot.10.________mylimitedknowledgeoftheChineselanguage,Ilaughedwithmynewfoundfriendsandsharedstories.Ⅱ.寫作運用完成下面短文，注意本部分語法的運用。DearSmith，Howareyoudoing?I'mwriting1.________________________________________________(邀請你參加我們將于6月1日在學校體育場舉行的英語晚會),whichisagoodchance2.________________________________________(展現(xiàn)你的英語才能)andmotivatestudents'interestinEnglishlearning.Duringthepartyyouwillhaveafeastofvarietiesof3.________________________________________(我們自己準備的英語活動),including4.________________________(背英語詩歌)andsingingfamousEnglishsongs,whichIthinkwillsurelygiveyouabigsurprise.Besides,I'dliketoremindyouthatthepartystartsat6:30pmandendsat8:00pm,sopleaseeontimeifitisconvenientforyou.Lookingforwardto5.________________________________________(與你分享聚會中的愉快時光)!Yours，LiHua第二講非謂語動詞高考感悟1．答案與解析：wanting考查非謂語動詞。此處考查“l(fā)eavesb.＋賓語補足語”，本句是被動語態(tài)，want是主語補足語，根據(jù)句意，I與want之間是主動的邏輯關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。2．答案與解析：toaddress考查非謂語動詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動，解決世界各地的人們面臨“水太少或水太臟”的難題。分析句子結構可知address在句中作目的狀語，故用不定式。3．答案與解析：borrowing考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞，所以用非謂語動詞形式。邏輯主語herfable與borrow之間為主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。4．答案與解析：built考查非謂語動詞。這里為非謂語動詞擔當定語，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修飾詞“systemofringroads”之間為被動關系，用過去分詞。5．答案與解析：shared考查非謂語動詞。此處為非謂語動詞做定語來修飾名詞future。非謂語動詞share和名詞future之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。6．答案與解析：tojourney考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結合句意可知，journey為動詞，表示“旅行”，step前面有序數(shù)詞，應用不定式作后置定語。7．答案與解析：Covering考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作非謂語，cover和句子的邏輯主語theGPNP為邏輯的主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語，首字母大寫。8．答案與解析：studied考查非謂語動詞。句子的謂語是had，所以study用非謂語形式作后置定語，它的邏輯主語是countries，表被動關系。9．答案與解析：extending考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞，故空處為非謂語動詞，與句子的主語China'sNationalHighway318是邏輯上的主謂關系，故應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語?？键c研析考點二即學即練1．答案與解析：Havingvisited考查非謂語動詞。這里為非謂語動詞擔當狀語，和主句主語“I”之間為主動關系；根據(jù)時間狀語“overthelast10years”可知，用完成時態(tài)，由此推斷，空處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)。2．答案與解析：toteach考查非謂語動詞。句意：幾千年來，人們通過講寓言來傳授知識或傳授智慧。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達“來傳授知識和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的狀語。3．答案與解析：Tostrengthen考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達“為了加強與年輕人的聯(lián)系”，需要用不定式作目的狀語。4．答案與解析：planning考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，已有謂語動詞flew，所以動詞plan(計劃)應用非謂語動詞形式，plan與主語He之間為邏輯主謂關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。5．答案與解析：toincrease考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作非謂語，做目的狀語，應用動詞的不定式的形式。6．答案與解析：sighted考查非謂語。句意：哈佛大學的科學家埃拉·斯特里姆阿米特(EllaStriemAmit)說，盲人用他們現(xiàn)有的感官識別形狀，在某種程度上與正常人相似。sighted作定語修飾名詞people，表示“能看見的、不盲的”。7．答案與解析：tosee考查非謂語動詞。句中的climbup為謂語動詞，設空處應該使用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，應該使用不定式作目的狀語。8．答案與解析：tochange考查非謂語動詞。簡單句中已有動詞gave，故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式作定語，是后置定語。9．答案與解析：pared考查非謂語動詞。句意：與西藥的高額費用相比，傳統(tǒng)中藥的價格合理，普通人能夠承擔得起。paredwith...為固定結構，在句中作狀語，意為“與……相比”。10．答案與解析：Located考查非謂語動詞。belocatedin...意為“坐落于……”，為固定短語，在句中作狀語，故填Located?？键c三即學即練1．答案與解析：recognized考查非謂語動詞。句意：上?？赡苁枪J的小籠包之鄉(xiāng)，但美食歷史學家會告訴你，鄰近的運河小鎮(zhèn)南翔才是小籠包的發(fā)源地?？崭裨诿~home前面作定語，recognize與home是邏輯上動賓關系，需填過去分詞recognized“被公認的”。2．答案與解析：intended考查非謂語動詞。beintendedfor打算為……所用，在句中作定語，所以用過去分詞形式。3．答案與解析：held考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，本句已有謂語動詞decided，所以hold應用非謂語動詞形式，hold與theBeltandRoadForum之間為邏輯動賓關系，應用過去分詞作后置定語，表被動。4．答案與解析：falling考查非謂語動詞。句中的holdout為謂語動詞，設空處應該使用非謂語動詞。fall為動詞，意為“掉落”，child和fall之間是主動關系，同時表示正在進行的含義。故應該使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。5．答案與解析：toharm考查非謂語動詞。句意：海倫擔心他可能有意傷害她，便開始快跑。分析句子結構，可知空處應填非謂語動詞的形式，haveanintentiontodosth.意為“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定語。6．答案與解析：supported考查非謂語動詞。句意：被專家越來越多地支持的一個理論表明氣味的偏好是習得的。分析句子結構可知，空格處的動詞做非謂語，結合空格后的byexperts可判斷出該處意為“被專家們支持”，所以空格處應用過去分詞表被動。7．答案與解析：aching考查非謂語動詞。本空在句中作定語，ache與中心詞legs是邏輯上的主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞aching。8．答案與解析：living考查非謂語動詞。句意：這可能是由于生活在農(nóng)村的人有一些不利條件，包括較低的收入和教育水平，較高的健康食品成本，以及較少的體育設施。分析句子結構可知，句子已有謂語動詞maybe，故live用非謂語形式，它的邏輯主語是people，表主動關系，做后置定語，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填living。9．答案與解析：resulting考查非謂語動詞。resultinUSD2，970billionineconomicloss在句中做結果狀語。故填resulting。10．答案與解析：found考查非謂語動詞。句子的謂語為suggests，設空處在句中作非謂語和邏輯主語之間是邏輯的被動關系，用過去分詞作后置定語。考點四即學即練1．答案與解析：tobite考查非謂語動詞。句意：吃小籠包的時候，你必須要決定是先咬一個小口流出湯汁，還是把整個小籠包放進嘴里，讓熱湯在舌頭上爆炸。decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，用不定式作賓語。2．答案與解析：tocontinue考查動詞不定式。動詞plan后面跟動詞不定式，plantodosth.“計劃做”。3．答案與解析：causing考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以他們不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。連詞and連接兩個并列的現(xiàn)在分詞。4．答案與解析：staying考查非謂語動詞。句意：我不愿意