難度較大語法專項訓練：完成時態(tài)

初三語法專項訓練：現在完成時用法小結現在完成時的構成：助動詞have（has）+過去分詞，1．表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。例如：Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現在造成的結果是“衣服干凈了”）現在完成時常用的時間狀語有：already（”已經”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）never(“從不”用于中間處)ever（”曾經”用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）just (“剛剛”用于中間處)yet (“已經”用于疑問句的末尾處/“還”用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時間狀語，但不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用.現在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機已經來了。（說明現在的情況：飛機在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現在已經不在這兒任教了）練習：I．翻譯下列句子：你曾經吃過魚和薯條嗎？我剛剛丟了我的化學書。我以前從來沒去過那個農場。他已經吃過午飯了。你已經看過這部電影了嗎？我哥哥還沒回來。我上星期看過這部電影。在1992年他住在這里。II．用過去時或現在完成時填空：1.“_________you__________(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When________you__________(have)it?”“I____________(have)itat12:00.”2.“_________you__________(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I___________.I________________(write)onelastweek.”3.“_________he___________(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4.“_________theyever__________(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_________just___________(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather_________(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI__________(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They____________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_____________never____________(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.____________youever____________(drink)coke?11.“____________you_____________(buy)adictionary?““Yes,I__________.”“Where__________you_____________(buy)it?”“I___________(buy)itinabookstore.”“When___________you_____________(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”Since和for的用法表示過去已經開始持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有：for,since,howlong,sofar,thesedays等。Since+過去點的時間，for+一段時間（數詞+量詞），此劃線部分用howlong提問。一、since短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點。如：Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。He’slearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.他上大學以來大約學了五千個英語單詞。二、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間，for的賓語為時間段。如：Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.我們認識有二十年了。Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.我好久沒有見到她了。練習：用since和for填空1)______twoyears 2)_______twoyearsago 3)_______lastmonth 4)______1999 5)_______yesterday 6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours 8)_______anhourago 9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime 11)______shelefthere1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.2.短暫性轉換延續(xù)性①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.Iwenthomeyesterday.I________________________homefor___________________.Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________.②come/goback,return→beback come/goout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I__________________ateacherfor__________________.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beupdie→bedead leavesw.→beawayfromsw. fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep finish/end→beovermarry→bemarriedIgotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I__________________________since___________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth. begin→beonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep lose→nothave buy→have puton→wear catch/getacold→haveacold gettoknow→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________________himsince____________________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy →bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.3.漢譯英1）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開中國三年了。3）我認識他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國五年了。5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。6）他們已經結婚10年。7）我妹妹成為一個大學生已經三年。8）這會已開了多長時間了？9）這門已經關了兩天了。10）我入團2年了。 I________________________________twoyearsago. I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears. I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears. I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.11）自從1999年以來他們就認識。12）我來到農場已5年了。4.劃線提問1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook?havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法一、have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經有三天了。此外還有這些搭配：havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarm havebeenhere(there)/abroad二、have(has)beento表示“曾經去過某地”，現在已經不在那里了。可與just,ever,never等連用，例如： Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經去過杭州嗎？have(has)beento后面可接次數，表示去過某地幾次。例如： IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去過北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們去過那個村莊好幾次了。三、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習：I.用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空。WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.David________theparkjustnow.John_______Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears._____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.Wouldyouliketo_____thezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.Where_____you_____now?---I____thezoo.Heoften_____swimming._____you______therelastyear?_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?III.翻譯下列句子：他已經來中國三年多了。他們出國兩個月了。我從來沒去過長城。你曾經出過國嗎？他已經去圖書館了。他來這兒五年了。昨天他去了公園?！澳阋ツ睦?？”“我要去學校?！彼３Ｈビ斡尽＞C合練習:I.用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”II.翻譯下列句子：他們已經打掃了教室嗎？我們已經認識有二十年了。打那以后，她一直住在這。“你曾經到過那里嗎？”“不，我從來沒到過那里?！盜II.用適當的時態(tài)填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem________________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________(lose