第04輯一輪閱讀 專題02 閱讀理解難點分類突破（寫作手法題+寫作意圖題+文章寓意題）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第04輯一輪閱讀專題02閱讀理解難點分類突破（寫作手法題+寫作意圖題+文章寓意題）解析版目錄寫作手法題1+3篇P1【名師點津】P2【高考真題】P2【名校模擬】P3寫作意圖題1+3篇P8【名師點津】P8【高考真題】P9【名校模擬】P11文章寓意題1+3篇P16【名師點津】P16【高考真題】P16【名校模擬】P18寫作手法題1+3篇【名師點津】高考閱讀理解主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。其中“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一，其共同目的就是增強說服力，服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主旨。一、根據(jù)文章題材來判斷。①記敘文多采取以時間為序、以空間為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序等敘事方式進行寫作。②說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對比等方式使說明更清晰或更具說服力。③議論文大多通過舉例子、列數(shù)字、引名言、作對比是使得觀點更可信，更有權(quán)威性。二、根據(jù)“原文定位”來判斷。先根據(jù)題干判斷是具體某段還是全文寫作手法，然后尋找標(biāo)志詞，進而找到答案。①bygivingexamples通過舉例。標(biāo)志詞:forexample,forinstance ②byanalyzingcauses通過分析原因。標(biāo)志詞：asaresult/consequence③bygivingdefinitions通過下定義。標(biāo)志詞：thatistosay④bylistingdata/statistics通過列數(shù)字。標(biāo)志詞：具體數(shù)字⑤bydescribingaprocess 通過描述過程。標(biāo)志詞：first,second,third,finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵循時間順序。標(biāo)志詞：in1920，inthe1940s,nowadays⑦bymakingcomparisons/contrast通過對比。標(biāo)志詞：but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications通過分類。標(biāo)志詞：first,next,then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通過分析因果。標(biāo)志詞：Thatisbecause….⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空間順序。標(biāo)志詞：由近及遠，由外到內(nèi)【高考真題】(2020年浙江卷第29題)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(認知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit.Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(協(xié)調(diào)),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”O(jiān)fcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests? A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality. D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【答案】28.D29.B30.C【分析】這是一篇說明文?！渡窠?jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布的一則研究顯示，需要大量的分析思考、細致規(guī)劃和其他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長而保持敏銳。28.D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.(來自德國萊比錫大學(xué)的研究人員召集了1000多名75歲以上的退休老人，并通過一系列的測試對他們的記憶力和思維能力進行了評估。)”可知，科學(xué)家讓志愿者做測試是為了測試他們的心智能力。故選29.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中FranciscaThen說的話“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,(這就像體育鍛煉一樣有效。)”及接下來進一步的解釋“長跑后人就會感到痛苦和疲憊，但它確實能強身健體。工作一天下來會感到勞累，但這也使你的大腦處于健康狀態(tài)”可知，F(xiàn)ranciscaThen是通過與“身體鍛煉”作比較來解釋他的發(fā)現(xiàn)的。30.C。主旨大意題。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage(需要大量的分析思考、細致規(guī)劃和其他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長而保持敏銳。)”是本文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作可能會使大腦保持敏捷，所以C項“困難的工作可能有助于大腦保持敏捷”適合作本文標(biāo)題?！久ＤM】（2024·寧夏銀川·二模）FromMaytoOctoberinthesoutheasternUS,fivespeciesofturtles,fromloggerheadstoKemp’sridley,crawl(爬行)ashoreunderthecoverofnighttolaytheireggsontheverybeachtheywereborn.Duringthistime,thousandsofturtle-lovingvolunteerscombtheshorelineslookingfortheturtles’tracksaspartofanongoingefforttogatherpopulationdataandprotectthenests.However,it’snoteasytodetectturtleeggsasfemaleturtlesfrequentlymake“falsecrawls”,climbingoutofthewaterbutreturningwithoutlayingeggs.Andsinceseaturtlesdisturbhugeareasofsandtohidetheirnestsfrompredators(捕食者),humanmonitorsareoftenleftguessingwheretheeggsare.Now,anewstudysuggestsman’sbestfriendcandoitbetter.Asmell-detectingdognamedDoryfoundthelocationofseaturtleeggsmoreaccuratelythanhumanvolunteers,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyRebekahLindborg,aconservationistwithDisney’sAnimals,Science,andEnvironmentdivision.LindborgteamedupwithPepePeruyero,adogbehavioristwhohastrainedsmell-detectingdogsforover20years.PeruyeroselectedarescuedognamedDory,atwo-year-oldterriermixfoundwanderingalongaFloridahighway,astheproject’sposterdog.Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach,PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警覺)atthesmellof“cloacalmucus”,astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler.Then,theteamconvincedtheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommissiontoallowafriendlycompetition.Duringthepeaknestingseasons,twogroupswentaroundastretchofshorelineaboutfivemileslonginVeroBeach,Florida.Theterrieridentified560seaturtlenestsfromthreespecies,whilepeoplefoundonly256.Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug,Lindborgreports.Andwhilehumanvolunteerscouldn’tfindtheeggsin14.8%ofnests,Doryonlyfailedtodeliver5.7%ofthetime.“Doryhasakeennoseforturtles,andthiscouldbeagamechanger,”saidLindborg.1.Howdofemaleturtlesmakeeggdetectionmoredifficult?A.Theymakemisleadingtracksinthesand.B.Theydestroytheireggsdeliberately.C.Theyputtheireggsinthewater.D.Theybuildnestseverywhere.2.WhatismosthelpfulforDoryinfindingturtlenests?A.Thenatureofdigging.B.Thesenseofcompetition.C.Thewarningfromitstrainer.D.Thematteronaturtle’snewlylaideggs.3.Howisparagraph6mainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydescribingcourses.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byofferingexplanations.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thekindnessofamanwhoprotectsturtlenests.B.Adogthatcanfindturtlenestssuccessfully.C.Thedifficultyofbuildingturtlenests.D.Anewdiscoveryaboutturtlenests【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項關(guān)于利用探測犬尋找海龜巢穴的研究。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“However,it’snoteasytodetectturtleeggsasfemaleturtlesfrequentlymake“falsecrawls”,climbingoutofthewaterbutreturningwithoutlayingeggs.Andsinceseaturtlesdisturbhugeareasofsandtohidetheirnestsfrompredators(捕食者),humanmonitorsareoftenleftguessingwheretheeggsare.（然而，要發(fā)現(xiàn)海龜?shù)安⒉蝗菀?，因為雌性海龜?jīng)常會“假爬”，爬出水面但又回來而不產(chǎn)卵。由于海龜會擾亂大片沙地，以隱藏它們的巢穴以躲避捕食者，人類監(jiān)控人員常常只能猜測海龜?shù)暗奈恢?。）”可知，雌性海龜通過在沙子上留下誤導(dǎo)性的足跡使蛋檢測變得更加困難。故選A。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach,PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警覺)atthesmellof“cloacalmucus”,astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler.（Peruyero在一個50*50平方英尺的人工海灘上訓(xùn)練了幾個月，訓(xùn)練多莉?qū)Α芭判拐骋骸钡臍馕栋l(fā)出警報，這是一種粘在海龜新產(chǎn)下的蛋上的粘性物質(zhì)，林德伯格是她的訓(xùn)練員）”可知，對多莉發(fā)現(xiàn)海龜巢最有幫助的是蛋上的粘性物質(zhì)。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theterrieridentified560seaturtlenestsfromthreespecies,whilepeoplefoundonly256.Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug,Lindborgreports.Andwhilehumanvolunteerscouldn’tfindtheeggsin14.8%ofnests,Doryonlyfailedtodeliver5.7%ofthetime.“Doryhasakeennoseforturtles,andthiscouldbeagamechanger,”saidLindborg.（多莉發(fā)現(xiàn)了來自三個物種的560個海龜巢，而人們只發(fā)現(xiàn)了256個。據(jù)Lindborg報告，多莉在選擇挖蛋位置方面也明顯優(yōu)于人類，從而大大減少了挖洞的數(shù)量。雖然人類志愿者在14.8%的巢中找不到蛋，但多莉未能產(chǎn)卵的情況只有5.7%。“多莉?qū)｝斢兄翡J的嗅覺，這可能會改變游戲規(guī)則，”林德伯格說。）”可知，第6段主要是通過探測狗多莉和人類搜索海龜?shù)皩Ρ日归_。故選C。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Now,anewstudysuggestsman’sbestfriendcandoitbetter.Asmell-detectingdognamedDoryfoundthelocationofseaturtleeggsmoreaccuratelythanhumanvolunteers,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyRebekahLindborg,aconservationistwithDisney’sAnimals,Science,andEnvironmentdivision.(現(xiàn)在，一項新的研究表明，人類最好的朋友（狗）可以做得更好。迪士尼動物、科學(xué)和環(huán)境部門的自然資源保護主義者麗貝卡·林德伯格(RebekahLindborg)最近領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項研究顯示，一只名叫多莉(Dory)的嗅覺狗比人類志愿者更準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)現(xiàn)了海龜?shù)暗奈恢?”、第五段“Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach.

PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警覺)atthesmellof‘cloacalmucus,’astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler(經(jīng)過數(shù)月對50英尺見方的人造沙灘的訓(xùn)練，多莉被訓(xùn)練成會對“泄殖腔粘液”的氣味保持警覺，這是一種覆蓋在海龜剛產(chǎn)下的蛋上的粘性物質(zhì)，而林德伯格是她的訓(xùn)練師)”以及最后一段“Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug.(多莉在選擇挖蛋地點方面也比人們優(yōu)秀得多，大大減少了挖掘的洞的數(shù)量。)可知，本文主要介紹了利用探測犬成功尋找海龜巢穴，故選B項。（2024·山西晉中·模擬預(yù)測）Thenatureofcompassionfatigue(同情疲勞)meansthatmanyworkingintraditionalcare-givingrolesarelikelytoexperienceitssymptoms.Thisincludesfirstresponders,medicalprofessionals,socialworkers,journalists,andlawyersspecializinginfamilylaworcriminallaw.KelliCollins,alicensedfamilytherapist,remarks“Thinkaboutmusclefatigue—ifyouworkouttoohard,yourmusclesmightsimplygiveout.Inthesameway,compassionfatiguemeansyourabilitytooffercompassiontoothersisdramaticallyaffected.”Collinsherselfexperiencedcompassionfatigueasayoungtherapistworkinginacommunitymentalhealthsetting,whereshe“hadthestrongdesiretohelp”butquicklyrealizedsomethingswereoutofher“rangofinfluence”.Shefeltherselfbecomingeasilyannoyedwithlovedones,sleepingverylittle,andfantasizingaboutchangingcareers.Itwasanoverwhelmingtime,duringwhichshefeltshewasfailingherclients.“Ithoughtthatbygivingendlesscompassiontomyclients,Iwas‘leavingitallonthefield’.Infact,bearingtheresponsibilityformyclients’painwithoutconsiderationformyownneedsandlimitsmeantthatIwasn’taparticularlyeffectivetherapist,”shesays.LynneHughes,whofoundedComfortZonein1999andnowservesasCEO,lostbothherparentsasachild,experiencingfirst-handthelackofresourcesandsupportforgrievingchildren.Hughesexpressessimilarfeelingsaboutthechallengeofcompassionfatigue,stressingtheimportanceoflookinginward.“Sufferingfromcompassionfatiguedoesnotmeanyou’rebadathelpingorcaring,itonlymeansthescalebetweencaringforothersandcaringforyourselfisnolongerbalanced,”shesays.“Whenyou’reinarolewhereyou’renurturingandcaringforothers—it’scrucialtoextendthatnurtureandcaretoyourselfsothat‘yourwell’doesnotrundry.”ButbothHughesandCollinsemphasizethatit’snotonlytraditionalcaregiverswhoexperiencecompassionfatigue.“Itisapplicabletoanyoneinacaringrole,”saysHughes,whileCollinsbelievesitisauniquelyhumancondition,occupationalornot.5.WhydoesCollinsmentionthemusclefatigue?A.Todescribesheisinabadmood.B.Toshowsheiseagertogiveahand.C.Tosuggestshehaslimitedpityforothers.D.Toexplainsheismuchtiredofhercustomers.6.WhichofthefollowingdoHughesandCollinsagreewith?A.Careforyourselfwhilecaringforothers.B.Compassionfatiguehasnothingtodowithcareer.C.Thosewithcompassionfatiguearepoorathelping.D.Shypersonsalwaystendtosuffercompassionfatigue.7.Whatdoes“yourwell”inParagraph6referto?A.Pity. B.Nurture. C.Symptoms. D.Occupation.8.Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byquotingarguments.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byanalyzingreasonsandcauses.【答案】5.D6.A7.B8.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了同情疲勞的概念，該現(xiàn)象意味著從事傳統(tǒng)護理工作的人可能會經(jīng)歷同情疲勞的癥狀。通過KelliCollins和LynneHughes兩位親歷者的經(jīng)歷和觀點，文章指出同情疲勞會影響個體對他人的同情能力，強調(diào)關(guān)注自身需求的重要性。同時，同情疲勞不僅僅適用于傳統(tǒng)的護理人員，任何從事關(guān)愛工作的人都可能經(jīng)歷這種現(xiàn)象。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段KelliCollins所說的話“Thinkaboutmusclefatigue—ifyouworkouttoohard,yourmusclesmightsimplygiveout.Inthesameway,compassionfatiguemeansyourabilitytooffercompassiontoothersisdramaticallyaffected.(想想肌肉疲勞——如果你鍛煉過度，你的肌肉可能會疲勞。同理，同情疲勞意味著你同情他人的能力受到了極大的影響。)”可知，她提到肌肉疲勞是為了類比，說明過度同情他人會導(dǎo)致自己的這種能力顯著下降，就像過度鍛煉會使肌肉無法繼續(xù)工作一樣。由此推知，這是為了解釋為什么她對客戶感到非常厭倦。故選D。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Collins所說的話“Infact,bearingtheresponsibilityformyclients’painwithoutconsiderationformyownneedsandlimitsmeantthatIwasn’taparticularlyeffectivetherapist(事實上，在不考慮自己的需求和限制的情況下為我的客戶的痛苦承擔(dān)責(zé)任，意味著我不是一個特別有效的治療師)”、第五段中“Hughesexpressessimilarfeelingsaboutthechallengeofcompassionfatigue,stressingtheimportanceoflookinginward.(Hughes對同情疲勞的挑戰(zhàn)表達了類似的感受，強調(diào)了審視內(nèi)心的重要性)”和第六段Hughes所說的話“Whenyou’reinarolewhereyou’renurturingandcaringforothers—it’scrucialtoextendthatnurtureandcaretoyourself(當(dāng)你處于培養(yǎng)和照顧他人的角色時，將這種培養(yǎng)和照顧延伸到自己身上是至關(guān)重要的)”可推知，兩人都認為在關(guān)心他人的同時，也要關(guān)注自己的需求。故選A。7.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“Whenyou’reinarolewhereyou’renurturingandcaringforothers—it’scrucialtoextendthatnurtureandcaretoyourself(當(dāng)你處于滋養(yǎng)和照顧他人的角色時，將這種滋養(yǎng)和照顧延伸到自己身上是至關(guān)重要的)”可知，Hughes在強調(diào)要關(guān)注自己的需求，要滋養(yǎng)和照顧自己。再結(jié)合sothat引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句可推知，此處描述的是這樣做的好處，這種“滋養(yǎng)的井水”不會枯竭，畫線部分指的應(yīng)該是“Nurture(滋養(yǎng))”。故選B。8.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要通過列舉KelliCollins作為家庭治療師的經(jīng)歷和LynneHughes創(chuàng)辦ComfortZone并擔(dān)任CEO的事例，以及她們對同情疲勞的感受和見解，來闡述同情疲勞的現(xiàn)象、影響以及應(yīng)對方式。因此，文章通過舉例的方式組織文本內(nèi)容。故選A。（23-24·沈陽·三模）Air-conditioner’ssettingoftenformsthebasisofofficeargumentsbetweenwomenandmenregardingthe“correct”temperatureforittobeset.Andit’sacommondebatebetweencouples—theperfecttemperaturetokeepbothpartieswarmbutnothot.Researchdoesconsistentlyshowwomenpreferahigherindoortemperaturetomen.Butisthereanysciencebackingupthewidespreadbeliefthatwomen“feelthecold”morethanmen?Ataroundthesamebodyweight,womentendtohavelessmuscletoproduceheat.Womenalsohavemorefatbetweentheskinandthemuscles,sotheskinfeelscolder,asit’sslightlyfurtherawayfrombloodvessels.Womenalsotendtohavealowermetabolic(代謝)ratethanmen,whichreducesheatproductionduringcoldexposure,makingwomenmorelikelytofeelcoldasthetemperaturedrops.Thehormonesoestrogenandprogesterone(雌激素和孕激素),foundinlargequantitiesinwomen,contributetothecorebodyandskintemperatures.Oestrogendilates(擴張)bloodvesselsattheextremities.Thismeansmoreheatcanbelosttothesurroundingair.Andprogesteronecancausethevesselsintheskintonarrow,meaninglessbloodwillflowtosomeareastokeeptheinnerorganswarmer,leavingwomenfeelingcooler.Sohowdoweagreeontheidealtemperature?The“Scandinaviansleepmethod”,wherecouplessleepwithseparateblankets,isonewaytoovercomethedifferencesintemperaturepreferences.Intheworkplace,personalcomfortsystemsareheatsystemsthatcanbelocallypositionedinindividualworkstationssuchasdesktops,chairs,ornearthefeetandlegs.Examplesincludesmalldeskfans,heatedchairsandblankets,orfoot-warmers.Thesesystemsprovideindividualisedcomforttomeetpersonalneedswithoutaffectingothersinthesamespace,andhavebeenfoundtoproducehighercomfortsatisfactionintheworkplace.Theymayalsobeanenergy-efficientmethodtobalancewarmthandhealthinofficeenvironments.9.Whydoesacoupleoftenhaveanargumentontemperaturecontrol?A.Becausethewifepreferstoworkindoorsthanoutdoors.B.Becausethewifewouldliketostayinacoolerplace.C.Becausetheyhavedifferentpreferencefortemperature.D.Becausetheyhavenoair-conditionertoheattheiroffice.10.Whatmayhappentomenandwomenofthesameweight?A.Menmaybemuchstrongerthanwomen.B.Menmayhavemorefatthanwomen.C.Womenmayfeelcolderthanmen.D.Womenmayproducemoreheatthanmen.11.Howdoesthefourthparagraphdevelop?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bylistingreasons.C.Bysolvingproblems. D.Bymakingcomparisons.12.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpcreateacomfortableworkplacewithoutbotheringothers?A.Usingapersonalheater. B.Movingintoawarmoffice.C.Applyinganewheatingsystem. D.Askingforanextraindividualroom.【答案】9.C10.C11.B12.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要分析女性比男性更“感覺寒冷”的原因。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Andit’sacommondebatebetweencouples—theperfecttemperaturetokeepbothpartieswarmbutnothot.Researchdoesconsistentlyshowwomenpreferahigherindoortemperaturetomen.(這是夫妻之間常見的爭論——保持雙方溫暖但不太熱的最佳溫度。研究一致表明，女性比男性更喜歡更高的室內(nèi)溫度。)”可知，夫妻之間關(guān)于溫控的爭論主要是因為他們對溫度有不同的偏好。故選C項。10.推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Ataroundthesamebodyweight,womentendtohavelessmuscletoproduceheat.Womenalsohavemorefatbetweentheskinandthemuscles,sotheskinfeelscolder,asit’sslightlyfurtherawayfrombloodvessels.(在同等體重的情況下，女性產(chǎn)生熱量的肌肉往往較少。女性的皮膚和肌肉之間也有更多的脂肪，所以皮膚感覺更冷，因為它離血管稍遠。)”可知，相同體重，女人可能會覺得比男人更冷。故選C項。11.推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Thehormonesoestrogenandprogesterone(雌激素和孕激素),foundinlargequantitiesinwomen,contributetothecorebodyandskintemperatures.Oestrogendilates(擴張)bloodvesselsattheextremities.Thismeansmoreheatcanbelosttothesurroundingair.Andprogesteronecancausethevesselsintheskintonarrow,meaninglessbloodwillflowtosomeareastokeeptheinnerorganswarmer,leavingwomenfeelingcooler.(女性體內(nèi)大量存在的雌激素和黃體酮對身體核心和皮膚溫度有影響。雌激素使四肢的血管擴張。這意味著更多的熱量可能會流失到周圍的空氣中。黃體酮會導(dǎo)致皮膚血管變窄，這意味著流向某些區(qū)域的血液會減少，從而使內(nèi)臟保持溫暖，讓女性感覺更涼爽。)”可知，這段主要分析女性感覺更涼爽的原因。故選B項。12.細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段“Intheworkplace,personalcomfortsystemsareheatsystemsthatcanbelocallypositionedinindividualworkstationssuchasdesktops,chairs,ornearthefeetandlegs.Examplesincludesmalldeskfans,heatedchairsandblankets,orfoot-warmers.Thesesystemsprovideindividualisedcomforttomeetpersonalneedswithoutaffectingothersinthesamespace,andhavebeenfoundtoproducehighercomfortsatisfactionintheworkplace.(在工作場所，個人舒適系統(tǒng)是一種加熱系統(tǒng)，可以局部放置在個人工作場所，如臺式機、椅子或腳部和腿部附近。示例包括小型桌扇、加熱的椅子和毯子，或暖腳器。這些系統(tǒng)提供個性化的舒適度，以滿足個人需求，而不會影響同一空間中的其他人，并已被發(fā)現(xiàn)在工作場所產(chǎn)生更高的舒適度滿意度。)”可知，使用個人加熱器能幫助創(chuàng)造一個舒適的工作場所而不打擾他人。故選A項。寫作意圖題1+3篇【名師點津】每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意。1.主旨推斷法。寫作意圖與文章主旨密切相關(guān)，因此，解答這類題跟解答主旨大意題和選擇文章標(biāo)題一樣，用略讀法，即重點關(guān)注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的。議論文、新聞報道、說明文等，其主題句多在文首。2.文體推斷法。①應(yīng)用文廣告的目的是吸引更多顧客、游客、讀者、訂戶、觀眾等訂閱或前往（toattractreaders）。②記敘文的目的是分享有趣的經(jīng)歷、告訴一個有趣的故事（toentertainreaders）、或給讀者某種啟示。③說明文的目的是使讀者獲得某種知識（toinformreaders），提出建議、勸告或呼吁有關(guān)部門給予重視。④議論文的目的通常是說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點（topersuadereaders），倡導(dǎo)某種做法等?！靖呖颊骖}】(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第35題)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI-thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAltopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.33.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes. B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritingstyle.C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions. D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.34.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI. B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI. D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.【答案】32.C33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一書。該書作為應(yīng)對AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實用指南，以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景，強調(diào)控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展，以防潛在危機。32.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(這樣一本書可能會像驅(qū)動人工智能的計算機代碼一樣復(fù)雜，但值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗，可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾撰寫的這本書是通俗易懂的，如果別人寫這本書的話可能就不是這樣了，推測劃線短語表示“如果是由能力較差的人寫的”。故選C項。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗，可以將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容。她從商業(yè)人士的實際角度而不是學(xué)者的角度出發(fā)，撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內(nèi)容豐富的指南，讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾在書中將令人興奮的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的內(nèi)容，這本書的特點是通俗易懂，推測它采用了接地氣的寫作風(fēng)格。故選B項。34.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.(她說，我們必須保持對人工智能的控制，否則就有被邊緣化甚至更糟的風(fēng)險)”和文章最后一段“WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Such

structuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.(我們需要考慮我們希望人工智能的未來如何發(fā)展。這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的思維，加上全球監(jiān)管，將使我們走向偉大，而不是走向衰敗)”可知，坎貝爾敦促人們保持對人工智能的控制，考慮人工智能的未來應(yīng)如何發(fā)展，所以關(guān)于人工智能的發(fā)展，坎貝爾敦促人們共同努力將其控制住。故選C項。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence

comesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapractical

roadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).

(考慮到人工智能改變我們生活的驚人潛力，我們都需要采取行動來應(yīng)對人工智能驅(qū)動的未來，這正是AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence的用武之地?？ㄌ乩飱W娜·坎貝爾撰寫的這本引人入勝的新書是一本實用的路線圖，旨在應(yīng)對即將到來的人工智能革命帶來的挑戰(zhàn))”和文章最后一段“AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.(人工智能將影響我們所有人，如果你只讀一本關(guān)于這個主題的書，那就是這本書)”可知，本文主要介紹了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一書，該書作為應(yīng)對AI革命挑戰(zhàn)的實用指南，以商業(yè)視角闡述AI發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與前景，強調(diào)控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界協(xié)同確保人工智能安全發(fā)展，以防潛在危機，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是推薦一本關(guān)于人工智能的書。故選A項?！久ＤM】（2024·江西·二模）DisagreementshaveariseninNorthernFranceaftermanyancientstandingstonesweredamagedtomakewayforanewhardwarechain(五金連鎖店).About39stones,datingbackatleast7,000years,wereremovedfromthesite,whichsitsononeofEurope’smostfamousprehistoricattractions,AgenceFrance-Presse(AFP)reported.“Thesitehasbeendamaged,”localarchaeologistChristianObeltztoldAFP.Carnac,oftendescribedas“FrenchStonehenge”,isfamousforitsspreadingfieldsoflargetallstones.Thestonesarearrangedinlong,straightlinesand,accordingtotheCarnacTouristOffice,itisthelargestcollectionofthistypeofstandingstoneintheworld.Thetwomainsitesalone,atMenecandKermarjo,housenearly3,000standingmonumentscoveringover4miles.Thepurposeofthisancientcuriosityisstillunknown.Manybelieveitmayhavehadsomethingtodowithreligion,whileothersthinkitcouldhaveservedasafarmingcalendar.OneideaevensuggeststhatthestonesareconnectedtoasadeventthathappenedtoaRomanarmy.TheRegionalOfficeofCulturalAffairsforBrittany,whichisresponsibleforprotectingtheculturalmonument,madeastatementondisagreementsoverbuildingthestoreonWednesday.“Giventheuncertainandnon-majorcharacteroftheremains,damagetoasiteofhistoricalvaluehasnotbeenestablished,”thestatement