陜西省2024年英語中考熱點備考重難專題：一材多題型精講（七選五、閱讀理解-說明文、作文）【課件】

陜西

英語一材多題型精講2024中考備考重難專題課件課件思路簡介

一、設(shè)計初衷：《義務(wù)教育英語課程標準（2022年版）》提到“充分認識語篇在傳遞文化意涵，引領(lǐng)價值取向，促進思維發(fā)展，服務(wù)語言學(xué)習(xí)、意義理解與表達等方面的重要作用?！被诖耍貎?yōu)選高質(zhì)量語篇，改編成不同題型，使老師在講解不同的閱讀任務(wù)時，幫助學(xué)生多層次、多角度地理解語篇，進而提高學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力。二、思路亮點：1.

采用精講一材多題型的整體思路，即：把同一個語篇素材改編成3個不同的題型，以便多維度提升學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力及寫作水平；2.

結(jié)合2022全國創(chuàng)新考法，以“問題鏈”的形式研讀語篇，方便老師精準透徹地講解語篇；3.

站在學(xué)生的角度，動態(tài)可視化解題思路，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的解題思維。三、適用場景：日常題型講解或題型專項集訓(xùn)一材多題型精講

語篇研讀

閱讀理解—說明文1

七選五23

作文縮寫401七選五解題步驟Step1：瀏覽全文，掌握文章信息（文體、主題、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、設(shè)空位置）文體主題內(nèi)容設(shè)空位置①Therearedesertsinmanypartsoftheworld.Desertscanlookverydifferent.Somedesertsarefullofsand;otherdesertsaremadeofrocks.Desertscanbeflatorfilledwithmountains.1._______!②Alldesertsaredry.Theygetverylittlerainorsnow—lessthan25cmayear.Becausedesertsaresodry,somepeoplethinkofthemasemptyanddead.2._______.Theplantsandanimalsthatliveindesertsneedverylittlewater.Manyhavespecialwaystostorewater.抓關(guān)鍵信息：首尾句、設(shè)空位置③Cactus(仙人掌)growinthedesertsofNorthandSouthAmerica.3._______.Birdsandothersmallanimalsbuildhomesinandonthecactus.Thesaxaul(沙棘)isaspecialplantthatgrowsinthedesertsofAsia.Itstoreswaterinitsbark(樹皮).Peoplewholiveinthedesertpressthesaxaulbarktogetwatertodrink.抓關(guān)鍵信息：首尾句、設(shè)空位置④4._______.Everyyear,desertsgrowlarger.Whentreesarecutdown,andlargefarmsarebuiltandtoomanysheepandcowseatthegrass,thelandgetswornout.Thesoiliswashedaway.Thelandturnsintodesert.Whenlandbecomesdesert,5._______.素材選自CambridgeGlobalEnglish3Learner'sBookP44抓關(guān)鍵信息：首尾句、設(shè)空位置文體

主題

內(nèi)容

設(shè)空位置

說明文人與自然①Differentkindsofdeserts.②Thelivesindesertshavespecialwaystostorewater.③Cactusandsaxaulgrowinthedeserts.④Everyyear,desertsgrowlarger.段首1處，段中2處，段尾2處，共5空;空后標點：感嘆號1處，句號4處（含1處空前逗號）沙漠及其植物的特點Step2：分析選項A.地球上三分之一的土地是沙漠B.綿羊和奶牛的數(shù)量越來越多C.他們幾乎不需要水來生活D.然而，在每個沙漠中都可以找到植物和動物E.世界上最大的沙漠南極洲被冰覆蓋F.人們無法再種植糧食，需要離開家園G.它們有厚厚的特殊表面，可以讓它們儲水A.沙漠面積B.首字母小寫,數(shù)量C.they指代第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)D.連詞轉(zhuǎn)折,However,動植物E.沙漠特點F.首字母小寫,人類行為G.they指代第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，儲水A.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater

①Therearedesertsinmanypartsoftheworld.Desertscanlookverydifferent.Somedesertsarefullofsand;otherdesertsaremadeofrocks.Desertscanbeflatorfilledwithmountains.1._______!Step3：關(guān)注信息段、比對備選項，選擇答案A.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater空后感嘆號，語氣強烈，本段多次提及“desert”,

多選項均涉及，可先跳過A.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater沙漠極度干燥，給人印象是空曠和死亡②Alldesertsaredry.Theygetverylittlerainorsnow—lessthan25cmayear.Becausedesertsaresodry,somepeoplethinkofthemasemptyanddead.2._______.Theplantsandanimalsthatliveindesertsneedverylittlewater.Manyhavespecialwaystostorewater.動植物有獨特的儲水方式鎖定選項D代入D項，語義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語境D結(jié)合與前/后文關(guān)系推斷A.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater空處討論的是仙人掌(復(fù)數(shù)形式)，鎖定選項C、G，代詞“they”指代，沙棘通過樹皮來儲水在沙漠生活的人利用沙棘獲取水③Cactus(仙人掌)growinthedesertsofNorthandSouthAmerica.3._______.Birdsandothersmallanimalsbuildhomesinandonthecactus.Thesaxaul(沙棘)isaspecialplantthatgrowsinthedesertsofAsia.Itstoreswaterinitsbark(樹皮).Peoplewholiveinthedesertpressthesaxaulbarktogetwatertodrink.G對比兩項結(jié)合與前/后文關(guān)系推斷A.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater④4._______.Everyyear,desertsgrowlarger.Whentreesarecutdown,andlargefarmsarebuiltandtoomanysheepandcowseatthegrass,thelandgetswornout.Thesoiliswashedaway.Thelandturnsintodesert.Whenlandbecomesdesert,5._______.素材選自CambridgeGlobalEnglish3Learner'sBookP44段首設(shè)空，無法直接判斷，可跳過?？涨啊?，”鎖定B、F分別代入兩項F土地荒漠化時，F(xiàn)項更符合邏輯因果關(guān)系同學(xué)們不要忘記繼續(xù)填寫前面跳過的題目哦A.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater④4._______.Everyyear,desertsgrowlarger.Whentreesarecutdown,andlargefarmsarebuiltandtoomanysheepandcowseatthegrass,thelandgetswornout.Thesoiliswashedaway.Thelandturnsintodesert.Whenlandbecomesdesert,5._______.素材選自CambridgeGlobalEnglish3Learner'sBookP44未填空：1.___！4.___.選項剩余：A、C、E（首字母大寫，排除B）對比3個選項：C、E與下文土地荒漠化無直接聯(lián)系A(chǔ)故4.___選A結(jié)合與前/后文關(guān)系推斷FA.Athirdoftheearth'slandisdesertB.thepopulationsofsheepandcowsbecomelargerC.TheyneedlittlewatertoliveD.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesertE.Thelargestdesertintheworld,Antarctica,iscoveredwithiceF.peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomesG.Theyhavethick,specialsurfacewhichcanmakethemholdwater①Therearedesertsinmanypartsoftheworld.Desertscanlookverydifferent.Somedesertsarefullofsand;otherdesertsaremadeofrocks.Desertscanbeflatorfilledwithmountains.1._______!E與前文討論話題均是沙漠段尾“！”，且內(nèi)容承接整段大意E同學(xué)們補齊5處答案后，進行Step4:代入復(fù)核同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)總結(jié)回顧Step1：瀏覽全文，掌握文章信息（______、主題、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、_____________）Step2：分析______Step3：關(guān)注信息段、______________，選擇答案Step4：

代入______解題步驟設(shè)空位置比對備選項選項復(fù)核文體微技能上下文關(guān)系結(jié)合與前/后文關(guān)系推斷

2題、3題、4題搜尋關(guān)鍵詞邏輯關(guān)系同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

1題：desert因果關(guān)系

5題02語篇研讀主題內(nèi)容（What）段落大意找每段主題句①Whatdoeseachparagraphtalkabout?P1:Thereareseveralkindsofdesertsinmanypartsoftheworld.

P2:Therearestillanimalsandplantslivinginthedesertseventhoughtheyaresodry.P3:Cactusandsaxaulhavetheirownspecialwaystoholdwater.P4:Desertsgrowlargereveryyearbecauseofhumanactivities,suchascuttingdowntreesandbuildinglargefarms.對于段落大意題，中考考試中，還可能會針對某一特定段落的段落大意進行提問，比如：（1）WhichofthefollowingsituationscanmatchthemainideaofParagraph1?（陜西

2022.48，2022新增角度）（2）Whichparagraphstellwhatsleepwalkersdo?(河南

2020.33)（3）Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2？(貴陽

2021.23)主旨大意Thetextintroducesusthecharacteristicsofdifferentdesertsintheworldandtheplantsandanimalslivinginthem.Also,ittellsusthatdesertsaregrowinglargerbecauseofhumanactivities.Asaresult,peoplecannolongergrowfoodandhavetoleavetheirhomes.③Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?標題歸納②Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?Deserts./Livesinthedeserts.語篇目的（Why）Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?作者寫這篇文章的意圖是什么？作者意圖作者主要介紹了世界范圍內(nèi)沙漠所具有的形態(tài)特點，以及生長在其中的代表性植物所具有的特色生物構(gòu)造。呼吁人們關(guān)注自然現(xiàn)象，保護土地，防止沙漠化加劇。①作者介紹了地球上不同沙漠的特點，特別指出世界上最大的沙漠上面覆蓋著冰雪。這一內(nèi)容與人們對沙漠的固有印象相反，旨在對學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)自然環(huán)境知識進行科普和滲透，豐富學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識知識體系，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注不同自然環(huán)境或現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)狀和成因。同時，作者介紹了沙漠中常見的植物仙人掌和沙棘的儲水原理。它們克服極端缺水的困難，依靠獨特表皮學(xué)會了適應(yīng)和利用環(huán)境，旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用科學(xué)的思維認識事物，熱愛自然。②作者介紹到地球上三分之一的陸地是沙漠，部分人類活動會破壞生態(tài)平衡，造成土地荒漠化。如果這一趨勢愈演愈烈，則會威脅人類生存。旨在提醒學(xué)生，人與自然是相互依存的關(guān)系，要保持敬畏自然的態(tài)度，擁有綠色生活的理念，培養(yǎng)綠色生活的行為習(xí)慣。從自身做起，同時關(guān)心環(huán)境保護問題，了解生態(tài)環(huán)境變化，與大自然和諧共生。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知文章第一段具體介紹了全球沙漠的類型和不同特點，第二、三段分別介紹了沙漠中植物的生長環(huán)境及植物本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，第四段介紹土地沙漠化會影響人類生存。所以文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為總—分結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)語言——寫作手法剖析（How）①Whatisthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassage?文章結(jié)構(gòu)同學(xué)們可以關(guān)注一下文章結(jié)構(gòu)、說明順序，自己寫作文的時候會用到哦~P1P2P3P4結(jié)構(gòu)語言——語言賞析（How）lookverydifferent,befullof,bemadeof,befillwith,thelargest...intheworld,becoveredwith,dry,littlerain,thinkofthemasemptyanddead,befoundineverydesert賞析:①作者描述沙漠不僅僅是人們印象中的那樣，使用了“l(fā)ookverydifferent”。說明具體的出人意料之處時，使用了“befullof，bemadeof，befillwith”等一系列詞組表明了沙漠的物質(zhì)組成和確切類型，表達準確而豐富。同時作者使用最高級“thelargest...intheworld”引出世界上最大的沙漠，并使用“becoveredwith”介紹清楚其與眾不同的特點是被冰雪覆蓋。同學(xué)們覺得這些詞好在哪里呢？還有哪些詞你認為用得好呢？賞析:②作者在描述沙漠氣候特征時，使用了“dry,littlerain”。指出人們對沙漠固有的印象是“thinkofthemasemptyanddead”，而與之相反，每個沙漠里都有動植物生活著，這里使用的“befoundineverydesert”，對自然科學(xué)作科普的同時，引起讀者對此話題的興趣，便于作進一步的原因闡釋。

lookverydifferent,befullof,bemadeof,befillwith,thelargest...intheworld,becoveredwith,dry,littlerain,thinkofthemasemptyanddead,befoundineverydesert賞析:③作者接著提到植物之所以能生存的根本原因是“havespecialwaystostorewater”,分析代表性沙漠植物的特征用到了“thick,special”。此外，與沙漠植物相關(guān)的動物活動，作者使用了“buildhomes”描寫鳥類等動物在仙人掌上的筑巢行為。同時作者提及人類活動，描寫其在沙漠中通過“pressthesaxaulbark”，獲得飲用水“getwatertodrink”。havespecialwaystostorewater,thick,special,buildhomes,pressthesaxaulbark,

getwatertodrink,Athirdoftheearth’sland,growlarger,cutdown,getwornout,washaway,turninto,nolonger,leavetheirhomes賞析:④作者描述沙漠在陸地的占比時，使用了“Athirdoftheearth’sland”，數(shù)據(jù)的引入增加了文章的科學(xué)性，使讀者更信服。介紹土地荒漠化現(xiàn)狀時使用了“growlarger”。解釋土地荒漠化進程時用到了“cutdown,getwornout,washaway,turninto”。呈現(xiàn)荒漠化結(jié)果和對人類的影響時，用到了“nolonger,leavetheirhomes”，使人們意識到土地荒漠化最終會威脅人類生存。havespecialwaystostorewater,thick,special,buildhomes,pressthesaxaulbark,

getwatertodrink,Athirdoftheearth’sland,growlarger,cutdown,getwornout,washaway,turninto,nolonger,leavetheirhomes結(jié)構(gòu)語言——長難句分析（How）When引導(dǎo)狀語從句，當(dāng)……時主句被動語態(tài)并列成分短語：cutdown砍倒;toomany太多;getwornout變得荒蕪譯文：當(dāng)樹木被砍伐，大型農(nóng)場建成，太多的羊和牛吃草時，土地就會被破壞。Whentreesarecutdown,andlargefarmsarebuiltandtoomanysheepandcowseatthegrass,thelandgetswornout.03閱讀理解—說明文解題步驟Step1：瀏覽全文，獲取信息(已獲取)Step2：分析題目，定位原文，對比選項?分析題目：圈設(shè)問關(guān)鍵點1.Theunderlinedsentence“somepeoplethinkofthemasemptyanddead.”inParagraph2means“____”.A.somepeoplethinkdesertsonlyappearinAfrica.B.somepeoplethinkdesertsareusuallyflat. C.somepeoplethinkthereisnowaterinthedeserts.D.somepeoplethinktherearenolivesinthedeserts.第2段劃線句子的意思是_______。句意猜測②...Becausedesertsaresodry,somepeoplethinkofthemasemptyanddead.However,plantsandanimalscanbefoundineverydesert.Theplantsandanimalsthatliveindesertsneedverylittlewater...只出現(xiàn)在非洲通常是平坦的沒有水沒有生命?定位原文人們以為沙漠里沒有動植物，也就是沒有生命。?對比選項2.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionofthewriter?A.Desertsareniceplacestotravel.B.Weshouldprotectlandfrombecomingdeserts.C.Peopleshouldmoveawayfromthedeserts.D.Wecangetwatertodrinkfromtheplantsinthedeserts.?分析題目：圈設(shè)問關(guān)鍵點觀點看法以下哪一個是作者的觀點？④...Whentreesarecutdown,andlargefarmsarebuiltandtoomanysheepandcowseatthegrass,thelandgetswornout.Thesoiliswashedaway.Thelandturnsintodesert.Whenlandbecomesdesert,peoplecannolongergrowfoodandneedtoleavetheirhomes.?定位原文沙漠是人們旅行的好地方。保護土地不變成沙漠。人們應(yīng)該離開沙漠。從植物中獲得水。土地變成沙漠會迫使人們離開家園?對比選項3.Wheredoyouthinkthepassagemaycomefrom?A.Asportsreport. B.Atravelguide. C.Anaturemagazine. D.Astorybook.?分