第19講翻譯（講義）-2024年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)（原卷版）

?第19講翻譯（講義）目錄一復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向二考情分析翻譯題中考考情分析三翻譯題的考向熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識(shí)2.把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語3.掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟4.提升必考題型歸納四真題感悟中考翻譯題經(jīng)典考題精選【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識(shí)2.把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語3.掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟【考情分析】翻譯題命題規(guī)律句子翻譯題是各地中考必考題型，通常以漢譯英為主，句子翻譯題是各地中考必考題型，通常以漢譯英為主，有時(shí)也考查英譯漢。重點(diǎn)考查同學(xué)們的語言綜合運(yùn)用能力。相對(duì)整套試卷來說，這個(gè)題型難度不大，但是得分率不高。主要是基礎(chǔ)和方法?？疾榈亩际腔A(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，要求同學(xué)熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識(shí)，把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語。方法問題需要同學(xué)們掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟。翻譯題解題技巧一、找考點(diǎn)及固定搭配同學(xué)們?cè)谧龇g句子的時(shí)候，可不能隨心所欲?？吹揭粋€(gè)句子，首先就要弄清楚這道題要考我們什么，這里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每個(gè)句子通常都會(huì)包含幾個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)或者說固定詞語搭配。大家在做其他題型的時(shí)候也可以嘗試這樣做，這有利于知識(shí)點(diǎn)的鞏固。舉幾個(gè)例子：熬夜是一一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。(stay)__________isabadhabit.2.如果你在考試中保持冷靜，就會(huì)考出好成績。(keep)Ifyou（）intheexam,youwillgetgoodgrades.3.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該在環(huán)保方面發(fā)揮作用。(play)Everyoneshould（）theenvironmentalprotection.4.我正在期待著高中的新生活。(look)I__thenewlifeofseniorhighschool我們一起來分析一下：第一題：題主要考查“熬夜”也就是stayup這個(gè)固定短語的用法；2題考“保持冷靜”

keep(your)cool／keepcalm；82題考查短語“發(fā)揮重要作用”playapartin／playarolein；3題考查短語“期待著……”lookforwardto。這是解題的第一步，接下來我們開始第二步。二、確定時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是我們初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，也是中考英語考查的熱點(diǎn)。我們從卷面上看，不少同學(xué)常常因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤，而導(dǎo)致丟分。因此，大家一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語，來確定時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，以便確保準(zhǔn)確翻譯。我們接著分析上面四道題，短語確定之后，就要分析時(shí)態(tài)：1.題是動(dòng)詞短語放在句首作主語，我們可以想到動(dòng)名詞作主語，或者是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，所以正確答案為Stayingup(late)／Tostayup(late)；看2題，涉及到的語法點(diǎn)是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主將從現(xiàn)的原則，所以if從句時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)即keep(your)cool／keepcalm；3題我們看到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，就可以判斷直接用動(dòng)詞原形

playapartin／playarolein；4題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志“正在”當(dāng)然就是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)了，答案為amlookingforwardto。

三、把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語最后一步也很重要，我們說英語很容易受到漢語思維的影響而造成失誤，怎樣才能避免呢？就是需要大家靈活掌握英語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，從基本的五種簡單句開始，這方面的知識(shí)在前期文章中有詳細(xì)講解，大家可以搜索查看。在漢譯英中的句型大致包括簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句三種類型。對(duì)于簡單句，我們需要弄清主語、謂語、賓語、定語等句子成分；對(duì)于并列句，需要把握好并列連詞的運(yùn)用；對(duì)于復(fù)合句，需要辨別狀語從句、名詞性從句、定語從句的不同用法。舉個(gè)簡單的例子：翻譯“你能告訴我他幾歲了嗎？”這個(gè)句子是一般疑問句，還要用賓語從句。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，賓語從句要用陳述語序，所以答案為Canyoutellmehowoldheis

？?？傊忸}有方法，但是更重要的是我們要有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，在平時(shí)的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，同學(xué)們要注意詞匯短語搭配的積累，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)漢譯英翻譯訓(xùn)練，在練習(xí)中鞏固詞匯。掌握方法，提升翻譯能力，為取得高分打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。四、常用句型及結(jié)構(gòu)It’stimetodosth./It’stimeforsth.該干……了。如:Children,it’stimetohavelunch.(Children,it’stimeforlunch.)孩子們,該吃午飯了。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。如:It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語很重要。It’sone’sdutytodosth.做某事是某人的責(zé)任。如:It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。It’simpossibletodosth.做某事是不可能的。如:It’simpossibleforTaiwantobreakawayfromourmotherland.臺(tái)灣從祖國分裂出去是不可能的。nomatter...無論……。如:Nomatterwhathesays,nobodybelieveshim.無論他說什么,沒人相信他。neither...nor...既不……,也不……。如:Marycanneithersingnordance.瑪麗既不會(huì)唱歌,也不會(huì)跳舞。It’ssaidthat...據(jù)說……。如:It’ssaidthatthisisthefourthtimetheBigBenhasstoppedworking.據(jù)說這是大本鐘第四次停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。too...to...太……以至于不能……。如:Sheistooexcitedtosayaword.她太興奮了,以至于說不出一句話。so...that...如此……以至于……。如:Thisboxissoheavythatshecan’tliftit.這個(gè)箱子如此重,以至于她提不起它。not...until...直到……才……。如:Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。thankyou/thanksfordoingsth.感謝你做某事。如:Thankyouforlisteningtome.感謝你聽我講。as...as和……一樣。如:Englishisasimportantasmaths.英語和數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要。Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。如:Ittookworkersonlysevendaystobuildanewhospital.工人們僅用七天時(shí)間就建成了一座新醫(yī)院。either...or...要么……,要么……。如:Youmayeitherstayathomeorgowithus.你要么待在家里,要么跟我們一塊去。assoonas一……就……。如:I’lltellhimassoonasmyfatheresback.我父親一回來,我就告訴他。know+疑問詞+不定式。如:Nooneknowswhattodonext.沒人知道下一步該怎么辦。hadbetter最好。如:Youhadbetterseeadoctorifyougetabadcold.如果你患了重感冒,你最好去看醫(yī)生。tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事;tellsb.nottodosth.告訴某人不要做某事。如:Hetoldmenottoloseheart.他告訴我不要灰心。Ihope.../Iwish...如:Theyhopetowinthegameintheafternoon.他們希望贏得下午的比賽。Weallwishhimtobringusgoodnews.我們都希望他給我們帶來好消息。賓語從句狀語從句定語從句一、漢譯英1．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）只要你認(rèn)真對(duì)待每一件事，你就會(huì)把它做好。.2．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）那座房子是什么時(shí)候建的??3．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）沒有人知道它是誰。.4．（2023·遼寧朝陽·校聯(lián)考二模）我們應(yīng)該對(duì)每個(gè)幫助我們的人心存感激。5．（2023·遼寧朝陽·校聯(lián)考二模）你能告訴我去歷史博物館的路嗎？6．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）令他感到驚訝的是，如此多的人對(duì)科幻小說感興趣。7．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）據(jù)說這家餐館已經(jīng)開業(yè)半年了。8．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）飛機(jī)將在10分鐘之后起飛。9．（2023·山東威?！そy(tǒng)考一模）他不知道他哥哥有沒有把那本雜志還給圖書館。(漢譯英)10．（2023·山東威?！そy(tǒng)考一模）我太害怕了，一動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)。（漢譯英）二、英譯漢11．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考三模）ChatGPT(人工智能聊天機(jī)器人)hasbeenverypopularallovertheworldinthepastmonths.12．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考三模）SpeakingEnglishasmuchaspossibleisthekeytolearningEnglishwell.13．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Allofusshouldknowthattalentwithoutworkinghardisnothing.14．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Themostvaluablethingishealth,ratherthanmoney.15．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Tryandthenyoucanmakeupforthemistakesthatyouoncemade.16．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Ourcountry’sgreatachievementsarefromthehardworkofourPartyandourpeople.17．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Onceyoumakepromisestoothersyoushouldtryyourbesttokeepthem.18．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Don’tlieinbedallday.Youaresupposedtodomoreexerciseinordertokeephealthy.19．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考一模）QingmingisnotonlyoneofChina’s24solarterms,butalsoamomentforChinesepeopletohonorlostfamilymembers.20．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考一模）Anhourinthemorningisworthtwohoursintheevening.三、語篇翻譯（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考三模）閱讀下面的短文，將文中劃線部分譯成漢語或英語。LittleWomenisset(以……為背景)inNewEnglandintheUnitedStatesduringtheAmericanCivilWar(18611865).ThestoryfollowsthelivesofthefourMarchsisters:Meg,Jo,Beth,andAmy.TheauthorisLouisaMayAlcott.1.Thebookisbasedontheauthor’sownexperiencesofgrowingupwithherthreesisters.2.這個(gè)故事的主題（theme）是關(guān)于家庭的重要性。Otherthemesincludetheneedtoworkandselfimprovementforwomen.Whenthestorybegins,3.thesistersareplainingbecausetheyarepoorandhavetowork.Theirmothersaysthattheymustn’tspendmoneyonpleasurebecausethereisawarandeverybodymusthelp.Theirfatherisinthearmy.Theirfatherwriteslettertohisfamily.Intheletterhetellhisdaughterstoworkhardandnottowastetheirtime.4.她們必須嘗試接受生命中的不幸并保持樂觀。Hewantstobeproudofthemwhenheeshome.Thegirlsdecidetomakeanefforttoimprovethemselvesbecausetheyloveandmisstheirfatherverymuch.Alcottwasinterestedinwomen’srights.5.ThroughthefourMarchsisters,sheexploresdifferentwaysofbeingawomaninthosedays.Megleavesthefamilytogetmarriedandhaveanewfamily.Bethdevotes(奉獻(xiàn))herselftolookingafterherownfamily.Amyfocusesonherselfandherownpleasure.AndJo,likeAlcottherself,triestohaveacareer(事業(yè))inwritingandcareforherfamilyatthesametime.21．22．23．24．25．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）閱讀下面短文，將短文中畫線部分的句子譯成中文。Itisnotpossibletotelltheimportanceofforestsinjustafewwords.Forestsinfluenceourdailylivesinsomanyways,eveninthecenterofabusynoisycity.Forestproductsareusedinourdailylives.1.Almosteveryactivityhassomethingtodowithforests.Someareeasytopointout,andothersarehardtosay.Theycannotonlyhelpmakeourlivesmoreconvenient,butalsomakeourEarthmorebeautifulandfortable.Forestshelpprotectthesea,andtheearthisingoodhealthbecauseofthem.Overthepast50years,abouthalftheworld’sforestshavebeenlost.2.Themostimportantreasonforthatispollutingtheenvironmentandcuttingdowntrees.Asthisgoeson,it’llbeharderandharderforustosurviveontheEarth.26．27．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中畫線部分譯成漢語或者英語。1.Everyoneofus,richorpoor,shouldatleasthaveoneortwogoodfriends.Yourfriendswilllistentoyouwhenyouspeak,willtakecareofyouwhenyouaresick,andwillbewithyouinyourjourneythroughlife.2.每個(gè)人都需要朋友。Friendshipcanmakeushappier.Howcanwefindagoodfriendandgetonwellwitheachother?Hereissomeadvice.★3.Makefriendswithapersonwhoiseasytogetalongwith.★Youshouldmakefriendswithapersonwhohassomethinginmonwithyou.★Giveyourfriendahandwhenheorsheisintrouble.Friendsshouldalwaysbereadytohelpeachother.★Believeineachother.4.這是友誼中最重要的事情?！顴venthebestfriendsmayhaveaquarrelsometimes.5.Ifthishappensdon’tletyourquarrellasttoolong.Trytomakeupwithyourfriendssoon.Friendshipisakindoftreasureinourlife.Itislikeabottleofwine.Thelongeritiskept,thebetteritwillbe.28．29．30．31．32．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考二模）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中畫線部分譯成漢語或者英語。Maybeyouareamonstudent.Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.1.However,anyonecanbeeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here’show:Planyourtimecarefully.Whenyouplanyourweek,youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist,youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstyourtimeforeating,sleeping,dressing,andsoon.Thendecideagood,regulartimeforstudying.Andthetimeforrest.Aweeklyschedulecanmakeyourealizewhatishappeningtoyourtime.2.找一個(gè)好地方學(xué)習(xí)。Lookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyarea.Keepthisspace,whichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroom.Nogames,radios,ortelevision!3.Whenyousitdowntostudy,youshouldpayattentiononthestudy.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.Listentoeverythingtheteacherssaycarefully.4.Reallylisteninginclassmeanslessworkafterclass.Takingnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.Studyregularly.Whenyougethomefromschool,gooveryournotes.Reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteachertaughtinclass.Reviewtheknowledgecanmakeyourememberitlonger.Developagoodattitudeabouttests.Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyoulearnaboutasubject.Theyhelpyourememberyournewknowledge.5.世界不會(huì)因?yàn)槟憧荚嚥患案穸鴾缤觯圆挥锰珦?dān)心。33．34．35．36．37．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考二模）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中劃線部分譯成漢語或者英語。FujianTulouisakindofhouseinthemountainareasofFujianProvince.ItisknownastheAncientOriental(東方的)Castle.FortysixFujianTulouplaceswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageList(世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄)in2008.FujianTulouisusuallyalarge,enclosedearthenbuildingwiththickearthwalls.1.盡管它們相互看起來都很相似，但每一棟都是特別的。Mostofthebuildings,usuallythreetofourfloors,arelikeacircle,butsomearelikearectangle(矩形).2.ThedesignofTuloufollowsthetraditionalChinesehouseideaof“closedoutsideandopeninside”.JiqingBuilding,builtin1419,istheoldestcircularTulouinYongdingDistrict,Longyan,Fujian.HeguiBuildinginNanjingcountyisthetallestrectangularTulouintheprovince.Itis21.5metershigh.Tulouwasagreatplaceforpeopletheretoprotectthemselves.WhileTuloumeans“earthenbuildings”inChinese,thebuildingsweremadeoffarmorethanjustmud.Peopleusedlocalriverstones,bamboo,sandandlime(石灰)tobuildthem,aswell.3.Inancienttimes,thebuildingsalsoincludedstronggates,waterwellsandtunnels(地道)forrunningaway.Tulouislikeavillage.Thefamilieswholivetherehavetheirownrooms.4.在節(jié)日或一些重要的日子里，他們經(jīng)常在院子里聚會(huì)。PeoplewholiveinTulouaremostlyHakka(客家人).AndTuloucanbeseeninmanyplaces.5.BesidesFujianProvince,thebuildingsarealsoseeninGuangdongProvinceandJiangxiProvince.Whilethebuildingsarenowopentotourists,therearestillpeoplelivinginthem.38．39．40．41．42．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面的短文，然后將劃線部分的句子譯成漢語或英語?！癐fhedoesn’tcallme,I’mgoingtodie!”1.那是一種十分正常的感覺。Itmeansyouare“inlove”—kindof.It’spuppylove(早戀)nottruelove,yet.2.Puppyloveismonamongstudentsallovertheworld.IntheWest,peoplethinkpuppy

loveisahealthypartofateenager’slife.InChina,parentsandteachersthinkit’saproblem.Puppyloveisbeautiful.It’scooltolovesomeone,orbelovedbysomeoneelseinsteadofyourmotheroryourdog.3.它能使你成為一個(gè)更好的人。Youwillknowhowtouseyourlovetohelpothers.Ifyoufindyourself“inlove“it’sOK,but...wait!Nowyouhavelotsofimportantthingstodo.Thinkofthesequestions:Willyoulovehimorhertenyearslater?Doyouhaveenougheducationtofindagoodjobandliveahappylifewiththepersonyouloveinthefuture?4.Whatwouldyoudoifyoufoundsomeonebetterthanhimorher?Ibet(打賭)youarenotsureoftheseanswers.Why?Becauseyouaretooyoungtounderstandthetruelove.5.Truelovewillewhenyougrowup.Now,youshouldtrytobethebestpersonyoucanbe,anddotheverybestyoucan.Thatmeansdoingwellatschoolandbeingagoodsonordaughterfirst.43．44．45．46．47．（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面的短文，將文中畫線部分譯成漢語或英語。Howdoyougettoschool?71.Doyouwalktoschoolorrideabike?Doyougobybusorbytrain?72.對(duì)許多學(xué)生來說，去學(xué)校很容易。ButforthestudentsinonesmallvillageinChina,it’sdifficult.73.Thereisaverybigriverbetweentheirschoolandthevillage.Thereisnobridgeandtheriverrunstooquicklyforboats.Sothesestudentsgoonaropewaytocrosstherivertoschool.One11yearoldboy,Liangliang,crossestherivereveryschoolday.Butheisnotafraidbecausehelovesschool.“74.我喜歡和我同學(xué)一起玩。AndIlovemyteacher.Heislikeafathertome.”Manyofthestudentsandvillagersneverleavethevillage.Itistheirdreamtohaveabridge.75.I’msuretheirdreamcanetrue.48．49．50．51．52．（2023·湖南湘潭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面的短文，將劃線部分譯成英文或中文。Goodafternoon,everyone.It’smyhonortobethefirstspeaker.I’mMichellefromthepros(正方).1.Weagreethatkidsshouldsharechoresathome.Andwehavethefollowingreasons.Tobeginwith,kidsneedtoknowitistheirdutytodochores.2.他們與父母生活在一起。Theyshouldknowthatiftheywanttohaveacleanandfortablehome,everyoneshoulddotheirpart.3.Forexample.kidscandothedishesorcleantherooms.Sharinghouseworkalsohelpsthemtounderstandtheideaoffairness.Then,doingchorestogetherhelpsbringthefamilycloser.Whenkidshelpmomfoldtheclothes,theycanhavelovelychatsaboutwhathashappenedduringtheday.4It’shelpfulforkidstorelax.Besides,justasthesayinggoes“Manyhandsmakeeasywork.”,thechoreswillbefinishedmoreeasilyifeveryonedoessomething.Lastly,doingchoreshelpsthekidstogrow.5.它教會(huì)孩子們照顧自己andhelpsdeveloptheirindependence.Sotheearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.Thankyou!53．54．55．56．57．（2023·遼寧阜新·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將短文中畫線部分的句子翻譯成中文。Wespendaboutonethirdofourlivesasleep.Sleepisimportanttous.Agoodsleepgivesusenergyandmakesusfeelhappier.Ifyouneedsomegoodsleep,youcantrythenewbusserviceinHongKong.HongKonghasopeneda“SleepingBusTour”.1.Thefivehourrideisforpeoplewhocan’tsleepwellatnight.Passengerscangeteyemasks,earplugs(耳塞)andsoonforbettersleep.Whydobusesmakepeoplesleepy?Busesareaperfectenvironmentthatproduceswhitenoise.Busesgetcrowdedwithpeoplegoingtoandfromworkeveryday.Carbondioxide(二氧化碳)increaseswhentherearelotsofpeopleinasmallplace.Whenyouwereababy,youwererocked(搖晃)tosleep.Sittingonabusgivespeoplesimilarexperiences.Theirrockingmovementsmakepeoplewanttoclosetheireyes.2.Youmayfinditeasytofallasleepduringthelongbustrip.58．59．（2023·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將文中畫線的句子譯成漢語或英語。Whatdoyouliketodoinyourfreetime?1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentanswers.Forthe3graderChenYunxi,it’srockclimbing.ChenisfromShenzhen.Sheistallandthin,andhaslongblackhair.2.像許多其他女孩一樣，她最喜歡的顏色是粉色。Butherhobbyisverydifferent—it’srockclimbing.3.Shestartedrockclimbingwhenshewasonlyfouryearsold.Shelovesitsomuchthatshetrainsveryhard.LastNovember,8yearoldChensuccessfullyfinishedthewildrockclimbingroute“CHINACLIMB”inYangshuo,Guangxi.ThatmakeshertheyoungestclimberinChinatofinishthe5.14Alevelclimbingroute.4.她有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。ShewantstotakepartintheOlympics.Shethinksthatthehappiestthingintheworldisjusttofightforherdream.5.Shesaysshewilltrainhardtomakeherdreametrue.60．61．62．63．64．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將短文中劃線部分的句子翻譯成中文。Agoodmemoryhastodowithmanythings,suchasfocusandinterest.Youmighthave