2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第三冊

PAGEUnit1FestivalsandCelebrationsSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures單元語法精析動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語和表語語法點(diǎn)撥動(dòng)詞-ing由“動(dòng)詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing形式可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。Ⅰ．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語1．位置：單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，常放在被修飾詞前作前置定語；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞后作后置定語。2．形式：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(以do為例)有doing、形容詞化的doing和beingdone三種形式。詳細(xì)用法如下：(1)doing作定語①doing作定語，do與被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行的或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。例如：boilingwater開水a(chǎn)barkingdog狂吠的狗adevelopingcountry一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家Don’twakeupthesleepingchild.不要吵醒那個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子。Phoebereceivedane-mailtheotherdaysayingherunclewascomingtovisither.菲比前幾天收到一封電子郵件，說她叔叔要來看她。②doing作定語，還可表示被修飾詞的用途或?qū)傩裕Ｔ诰渲凶髑爸枚ㄕZ。例如：afishingnet(＝anetforfishing)漁網(wǎng)awalkingstick(＝astickforwalking)拐棍areadingroom(＝aroomforreading)閱覽室alivingroom(＝aroomforliving)起居室，客廳awritingdesk(＝adeskforwriting)書桌Shetrainedfivetimesaweekatherlocalswimmingpool.她每周在當(dāng)?shù)氐挠斡境赜?xùn)練五次。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.閱覽室里任何人不得大聲說話。(2)形容詞化的doing形式作定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞，表示中心詞的性質(zhì)，意為“令人……的”；形容詞化的done形式作定語，常表示“感到……的”。試比較：anexcitingstory令人興奮的故事anexcitedvoice興奮的聲音apuzzlingquestion令人困惑的問題apuzzledexpression困惑的表情(3)beingdone作定語do與被修飾詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。ThehousebeingbuiltherebelongstoJohn.這里正在建的那所房子是約翰的。Themeetingbeingheldnowissoimportantthatnooneisabsent.現(xiàn)在正在召開的會議很重要，所以沒有人缺席。3．?dāng)U展成句：動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作后置定語時(shí)可以擴(kuò)展成定語從句。ThemantalkingwithourheadmasterisTom’sfather.(＝ThemanwhoistalkingwithourheadmasterisTom’sfather.)正和我們校長談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆的父親。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點(diǎn)津1．表示感情的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)，表示“令人……的”，此類動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語時(shí)，表示“感到……的”。2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語假如與被修飾的詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行就用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式，即beingdone的形式。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2024·全國Ⅱ卷改編)Whenwegotacall__saying__(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.解析：句意：當(dāng)我們接到電話說她被列入候選名單時(shí)，我們以為這是個(gè)玩笑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____(say)shewasshort-listed”作call的定語，call和say之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。②(北京高考改編)Theparkwasfullofpeople,__enjoying__(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.解析：句意：公園里有許多人，他們在陽光下玩得很快樂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine”作people的定語，people和enjoy之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。③(四川高考改編)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthose__wanting__(want)agoodnight’ssleep.解析：句意：對于那些想睡一夜好覺的人來說，睡前喝一杯熱牛奶始終是最佳選擇。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____(want)agoodnight’ssleep”作those的定語，those和want之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Thetaxithattookustotheairportbrokedown.→Thetaxi__taking__ustotheairportbrokedown.⑤Theproblemthatisbeingdiscussedisaboutfoodsafety.→Theproblem__beingdiscussed__isaboutfoodsafety.⑥Thestudentstayedintheroomusedforreadingforanhour.→Thestudentstayed__inthereadingroom__foranhour.⑦Thatwasanexperiencethatfrightenedeveryone.→Thatwas__afrighteningexperience__.Ⅱ．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語有時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于說明主語的內(nèi)容，即主語等同于表語，兩者可互換。Myfavoritesportisswimmingwhilemysister’sisplayingtennis.我最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳，而我姐姐最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打網(wǎng)球。Myfull-timejobisteachingEnglish,whichmeansImakealivingbyteaching.我的全職工作是教英語，這意味著我以教書為生。2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語有時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，用于說明主語的特征，意為“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語有時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”。Thenewswassoexcitingthatwewereexcitedatthenews.這個(gè)消息太令人興奮了，我們聽到這個(gè)消息都很興奮。Thesnakelookedquitefrighteningandtheladyletoutacryofscreamatthesightofit.那條蛇看起來很嚇人，那位女士一看到它就發(fā)出一聲尖叫。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他們對現(xiàn)在的工作很滿足。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Itis__amazing__(amaze)thattheboyisabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.②Buyingacarissimply__wasting__(waste)money.③Pleasestopmakingthenoise—it’sgetting__annoying__(annoy)．完成句子④Ourjobis__playingallkindsofmusic__.我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。語法專練Ⅰ．用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Enteringtheroom，IfoundMary__sitting__(sit)atthedeskandplayingcomputergames.2．Women__looking__(look)aftersmallchildreninthiscityusuallygetpaidmonthly.3．Theresultofthegamewas__disappointing__(disappoint)．4．Ifeltsomeone__patting__(pat)meontheshoulder.5．IheardMrWhite__singing__(sing)inthenextdoorwhenIpassedby.6．Thechildren__practising__(practise)playingtheviolinovertherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.7．Chinaisa__developing__(develop)countrywhileAmericaisa__developed__(develop)country.8．Herjobis__keeping__(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossible.9．Theproblemthatheraisedatthemeetingwasquite__surprising__(surprise)．10．Theman__wearing__(wear)asadlooksaid,“I’velostmywallet.”11．Thehouse__beingbuilt__(build)fortheoldistobecompletednextmonth.12．Thishardworkingstudentfinallyworkedoutthe__puzzling__(puzzle)problem.13．Doyouknowtheboy__playing__(play)basketball?14．Theman__talking__(talk)tomymotherismyuncle.15．Thestranger__standing__(stand)infrontofmyhousecaughtmyattention.Ⅱ．完成句子1．Thebuilding__beingbuilt__isourteachingbuilding.(build)正在建立的那座大樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。2．Idon’tthinkherjokeis__amusing__atall.(amuse)我認(rèn)為她的玩笑一點(diǎn)也不好笑。3．Theylivedinahouse__facingthesea__.(face)他們住在一個(gè)面對大海的房子里。4．__Inthefollowingyears__sheworkedevenharder.(follow)在接下來的幾年中，她學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。5．Whathelikesmostis__playingjokesonothers__.(playjokeson)他最喜愛的是取笑別人。6．Whoistheboy__standingthere__？(stand)站在那兒的男孩是誰？7．Hewasan__inspiringleader__.(inspire)他是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。8．Hisbrother,__workingasateacher__，livesinBeijing.(workas)他那個(gè)當(dāng)老師的哥哥住在北京。9．Theboys__gatheringattheschoolgate__aremyclassmates.聚集在校門口的那些男孩是我的同學(xué)。10．Thefurnitureinalargeshoppingcentercomesinavarietyofcolorsandshapes,__rangingfromblacktowhite__andfromroundtosquare.大型超市里的家具有各種顏色和形態(tài)，從黑色到白色，從圓形到方形。Ⅱ．語法主題應(yīng)用用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語和表語的句子簡要介紹你母親的工作。1．媽媽的工作是在超市里賣水果。(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語)2．這些水果種類繁多，從常見的蘋果、梨到進(jìn)口的水果。(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語)3．媽媽常常給我們帶來一些賣得好的水果讓我們品嘗。(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語)4．雖然一些人認(rèn)為我母親的工作是無聊的，但我認(rèn)為她的工作是有意義的。(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語)________________________________________________________________