山東省威海市高三下學(xué)期二模試題英語

2024年威海市高考模擬考試英語本試卷共10頁。滿分120分?？荚囉脮r100分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號、考生號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ADiscoversomeofthetreasuresofSouthAustraliabeforeyoustartanunforgettablecruise（乘船游覽）alongthefantasticMurrayRiverYouradventurebeginsinAdelaide,oneoftheworld’smostliveahlecities.AfulldaytourtakesyoutoSouthAustralia’swineregion,whereyou’llsamplesomeoftheBarossaValley’sfinestwines.You’llthentakeaboattoKangarooIsland,offeringnaturebasedactivities,andencounterswithkoalas,birds,andkangaroos.You’llthengoaboardthePSMurrayPrincess,aremarkableshipwhichwasbuiltspecificallyfortheMurrayRiver,foranunforgettablethreenightcruisealongthebeautifulMurrayRiver,highlightsincludingriverbirdlife,naturewalks,anddeliciousregionalflavours.YourholidayincludesRiverCruise·3nightMurrayRivercruiseonboardPSMurrayPrincesswithall·mealsandsightseeing·ExtendyourCruise!7nightbacktobackMurrayPrincesssailingsplusFREEMoartoZoovisitfrom$1799perperson,twinshareHotelStays·3nightfourstarhotelstayinAdelaidewithbreakfast·1nightfourstarhotelstayinKangarooIslandwithbreakfastandlunchFullyEscorted（全程陪同）Tours·FulldayBarossaValleytourwithlunchandwinetastings·2dayKangarooIslandtourAllflights,taxesandtransfersDepartureInsideTwinFromOutsideTwinFromStateroom（特等艙）From19Feb2024$3,199ppSOLDOUT$4,199pp27May2024$3,299pp$3,699ppSOLDOUT5Aug2024$2,999pp$3;499pp$4,199pp30Sep2024SOLDOUT$3,999ppSOLDOUT6Jan2025$3,299pp$3,799pp$4,499pp24Feb2025$3,499pp$3,999pp$4,699pp1．WhatisthehighlightoftheBarossaValleytour.A．Winetastings. B．Regionalcuisines.C．Riverbirdlife. D．Naturallandscape.2．WhatisincludedintheupgradedRiverCruisepackage?A．FreeMoartoZoovisit. B．Fullyescortedservice.C．3nightMurrayPrincesssallings. D．Fourstaracmodation.3．Whichdeparturedatehasthelowestpriceforanoutsidetwincabin?A．27May2024． B．5Aug2024.C．6Jan2025． D．24Feb2025.BAsachild,Iwaskeenoncollectingmoths（飛蛾）andbutterflies.Byadulthood,Icouldidentifyabout700speciesbysight,recognizingthestripes,dotsandcolorsontheirwingsandbodies.In1972,ImovedtoAustraliaandcontinuedcollecting.ButIstartedtostruggle:identifyingthemquicklybecameanimpossibletask.Thespeciesthereweresodifferentfromthoseathome,andtherewasnospaceinmymindtorecognizethemall.Mycrisissoonincreased.Throughoutthe1970s,IledexpeditionstoPapuaNewGuineatocollectmoths.Onenight,wecouldcollectmorethantwiceasmanyasthoseIhadmemorizedinmychildhood.Identifyingthemfeltoverwhelming.Igaveupandstoppedworkingonmoths.Butmyinstincttoidentifythemneverwentaway.Twodecadeslater,Iwasinasupermarketandanideastartedtodevelopinmymind:whatifapartofDNAcouldbeusedtodifferentiatebetweenspeciesJust13lineson.thesupermarketbarcodes（條形碼）werebeingusedtoidentifyproductsWhatifwecouldidentifyspeciesinthesameway?Totesttheidea,Ibegancollectingthemothsagain.Eachsamplehadtodonatealegtoscience.IbelievedthatCOI（asinglesegmentofarapidlyevolvinggene）presentinalmostallanimalscouldbeusedtotellspecies.Withtheirlegs,weusedthePCRmethodtofocusinontheirsectionofCOI.Onebyone,itbecameclear:everysinglemothcouldbesortedusingatinysliceoftheirgenome（基因組）DNAbarcodingwas100%successfulonitsfirsttest.Inourstudypaper,weclaimedthatwehaddiscoveredareliable,inexpensiveandaccessiblesolutiontoidentifyingthemillionsofanimalspecieswaitingtobediscovered.IbelieveDNAbarcodingishumanity’sfirstshotatfinallydiscoveringalllifeonEarth.Thistechniquehashelpedconservationiststofightagainstwildlifecrimeandmonitortheimpactofminingonb?odiversity.Oneday,IamconfidentitwillformpartofasystemtomonitorthebiospheretheSamewaywemonitortheweather.4．Howdidtheauthorrecognizemothspeciesinhischildhood?A．Byturningtobooks.B．Byusinglabequipment.C．Byobseivingtheirbehavior.D．Bydistinguishingtheirappearance.5．Whatdoestheunderlined“Mycrisis”inparagraph3referto?A．Thelossofinterestinstudyingmoths.B．Theimpossibilityofrecognizingmoths.C．Thepressureofdiscoveringnewmothspecies.D．Thechallengeofcollectingasmanymothsamples.6．WhatinspiredtheauthortouseDNAforspeciesidentification?A．TheeaseofusingPCRtofocusonCOI.B．Thesimplicityofsupermarketbarcodes.C．ThesuccessofDNAbarcodingonmoths.D．TheavailabilityofCOIinalmostallanimals.7．WhatmightDNAbarcodingbeusedforinthefutureaccordingtothetext?A．Protectingwildlifehabitats.B．Trackingwildlifepopulation.C．Assistinginmonitoringbiodiversity.D．Updatingweathermonitoringsystems.CSomepeoplemaybepickyeaters,butasaspecieswearenot.Birds,bugsandwhales,we’lleatthemall.Yetourrelianceonwildanimalsgoesfarbeyondjustfeedingourselves.Fromagriculturalfeedtomedicinetothepettrade,modernsocietyexploitswildanimalsinawaythatbeatseventhemostaggressivewildpredator（捕食者）.Now,forthefirsttime,researchershavetriedtocapturethefullpictureofhowweusewildlife,includinghowmany,andforwhatpurposes.Theresearchshowcasesjusthowbroadourinfluenceonwildanimalsis.Inthestudy,researchershavefoundthathumanskill,collectorotherwiseuseabout15,000species.That’supto300timesmorethanthenexttoppredatorinanyecosystem.YetaccordingtoChrisDarimont,acoauthorofthestudy,thebiggestshockisn’thowmanyspeciesweaffectbutwhywetakethem.“Theresult,”hesays,“isthatweremove,oressentiallypreyon,morespeciesofanimalsfornonfoodreasonsthanforfoodreasons.”Andthebiggestnonfooduseisaspetsandpetfood.“That’swherethingshavegoneofftherails（軌道）,”hesays.Theproblemisespeciallyseriousfortropicalbirds.Thehelmetedhornbill,forexample,iscapturedmainlyforthepetrade,orforitsbeaktobeusedasmedicineortobecarvedlikeivory.Theirdisappearancelimitsseeddispersalandthespreadoftreesaroundtheforest.Anotherbigdifferencebetweenhumans’influenceonwildanimalsandthatofotherpredatorsisthatwetendtofavorrareandexotic（外來的）speciesinawayotheranimalsdonot.Mostpredatorstargetmonspecies,sincetheyareeasiertofindandcatch.Humans,nowever,tendtocovetthenovel.“Themorerareitis,”sayscientists,“themorethatdrivesuptheprice,andthereforeitmaygointoextinction.”Ifwewantwildspeciestosurvive,weneedtoreestablishourrelationshipwiththem,perhapsfrompredatortocaretaker8．Whatroledohumansplayintheirpresentrelationshipwithwildlifeaccordingtotheauthor?A．Pickypredators. D．Protectorsofbiodiversity.C．Greedypredators. D．Caretakersoftheenvironment.9．WhatshockedscientistsmostaccordingtoChrisDarimont?A．Morespecieshuntedfornonfooduse.B．Theimpactofpetindustriesonwildlife.C．Thenumberofspeciesaffectedbyhumans.D．Theconsequencescausedbyspeciesextinction.10．Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlined“coverthenovel”inparagraph4?A．Longforhugeprofits.B．Favordomesticspecies.C．Takeinterestinpettrade.D．Seekafternewanduniquethings.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Topromotestricterrulesforhunting.B．Toadvocateecofriendlypetchoices.C．Torevealhowhumansaffectbiodiversity.D．Tohighlighttheneedforwildlifeconservation.DHowmuchwaterdoestheaverageadultneedtodrinkeveryday?“Eight8ounceglasses”ismonadvice,butanytrulyseriousanswertothehowmuchquestionwillbeginwithsomeversionofitdepends.”ResearchershavelongknownthataregioncalledSFOinthebrainmonitorstheconcentration（濃度）ofwaterandsaltsinbloodandtriggerstheurgetodrink.Buttheyfailedtofullyexplainhowweexperiencethirst.Forexample,whenwegulpadrink,wefeelalmostinstantlysatisfied,andyetittakes10to15minutesforaliquidtoenterourbloodstream.Recentlyneuroscientistshavegainedotherremarkableinsightsintohowthirstismonitoredinthebodyandcontrolledinthebrain.Inaseriesofelegantexperimentswithmice,Zimmerman,aneuroscientist,andhisassociatesmeasuredtheactivityofneurons（神經(jīng)元）intheSFO.“Wesawthattheiractivitychangedveryfastwhenthemousedrankwaterordranksaltwaterandwhenitatefood,”hesays.TheresearchersshowedthatsignalsgatheredattheSFOfromseveralplaces.“Yougetasignalfromthebloodthattellsyourcurrentstateofhydration（水平衡）,asignalfromthemouththattellsyouhowmuchfluidyoudrank,andasignalfromthegutthattellsyouwhatwasconsumed—wasit.water,wasitsomethingelse?”TheSFOneurons,heexplains,“addthesesignalstogether”andthentransmittheurgetodrinkorstopdrinking.ThebigtakeawayofZimmerman’sworkisthatforthemostpartyoucantrustyourthirstsystemtotellyouwhenyouneedtodrink.Butthereareexceptions.Becausethesystem’ssensitivitymaydeclinewithage.Peoplewithcertainhealthconditions,includingkidneystonesanddiarrhea,alsoneedextrawater.Otherpartsofthebrain—theonesusedinplanning—shouldhelpwithhydrationonhotdaysandwhenexercising.Thirstyornot,Zimmermansays,hedrinkswaterbeforegoingforarun:“Mythirstneuronsdon’tknowI’mabouttorun10miles.”12．Whathaslongbeenknownaboutthirst?A．Thirstexperiencevariesamongindividuals.BThirstiscontrolledbythewatersaltbalanceinblood.C．Thirstsatisfactionoccurswithwaterenteringbloodstream.D．Thirstresponseisinfluencedbythetypeofliquidconsumed.13．What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Whywefeelthirst.B．WhereSFOgetssignals.C．Howweexperiencethirst.D．WhenSFOneuronsgetactive.14．What’sthemajorconclusionfromZimmerman’sstudy?A．Thirstsystemisgenerallyreliable.B．Illnessmightaffectthirstsensation.C．Brainareasforplanningaidinhydration.D．Brainadjuststoagerelatedthirstsensitivity.15．Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DrinkYourWaytoHealthB．ApplicationoftheThirstMechanismsC．MisunderstandingofDailyWaterIntakeD．BodyDetectsDailyWaterNeedsCleverly第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theharshwintersandmoderncitiescanmakelifetoughforawildanimal,especiallywhentheygetlostandareoutsidetheirnaturalhabitatfortoolong.Animalsheltersarecrowdedwithanimalsindesperateneedofhelp,especiallyduringthewinterseason.16Oneday,amanfoundasmallowl（貓頭鷹）thatwassoakingwetandappearedtobestruggling.Hebroughtitintoalocalshelter.17Thelittleowlwasunabletofly,notbecauseofaninjury,butbecauseitwastoofat.Theowlweighed245grams,whichwas33%morethantheupperlimitofwhatanowlthatsizeshouldweigh.Thereasonfortheweightgainwasquitenatural.Theowlwaseatingtoomuch.Thewinterhadbeenunusuallywarm,andasaresult,theareahadahigherthannormalpopulationofmice.18Soitgotcarriedaway.Theshelterstaffputtheowlonasystematicplanofdietandexercise,anditstartedtoloseweightquickly.Aftersometime,theowlwasbacktoitsnormalhealthandwasreleasedbackintothewild.Thequestionofwhetherthisobesityissueisastrangeresultofclimatechangeorjustacoincidence（巧合）isdifficulttosay.19Wildanimalsarenotusedtolivinginmoderncities,andtheyoftenstruggletosurvive.Luckily,therearemanyanimalsheltersthatofferrefugefortheseanimals.Thesesheltershelprestorethemtotheirnaturalconditionandputthembackintothewild20Somefocusonspecificanimals,suchasowls,whileothersfocusonaparticularregion.However,theyallhavethesamegoaltoprovideasafehavenforwildanimals.A．Differenttypesofanimalsheltershavedifferentpurposes.B．Animalsheltersarenotjustaplaceforinjuredorsickanimals.C．Thismeantthatitwaslikeanallyouoaneatbuffetforthelittleowl.D．Theyarereallyimportantwhenanimalsstruggletosurviveincoldweather.E．Afterathoroughcheckup,theshelterstafffoundoutthatitwasnotinjuredatall.F．However,itisclearthatitisvitaltocareforwildanimalsandtoensuretheirsafety.G．However,recently,awildanimalwasbroughttoashelterforaverydifferentreason.第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。JessicaCoxistheworld’sfirstlicensedarmlesspilot.Bornwithoutarms,Coxneverlether21beeherdisadvantage,Shelearnedatayoungagehowtouseherfeetasherhands.Andafterelevenyearsofwearingprostheticarms（假肢）,shedecidedtobe“therealJessica”and22thearms.Thiswasthestartofhernewlife.Coxlovedswingingbecauseitwassomethingthatshecouldcontroland23flying.overeverything.Andthis24herdeterminationtobeeapilot..Shehadherfirst25ofbeingapilotduringatriptoMexicoinasmallplane.Shehadthe26toplaceherfootontheyoke（操縱桿）andfeeltheexperienceofbeingintheair.Afterthat,her,childhood27ofplanesdisappeared.Thefeelingofcontrol,ofthefreedom,wasmore28thanherhorror.Onthatday,shedecidedto29herdreamofbeingapilot.Thiswasnotwithout30though.Findinganinstructorwasachallenge.Alotwere31teachingandqualifyinganarmlesspilot.Coxdidn’tgiveupandeventuallyfoundherselfa（n）32.Herdreambecamearealityin2008whenshetookherfirstsoloflight.Coxisnotonlyapilotbutalsoa33forpeoplewithdisabilities.Asamotivationalspeaker,shehastraveledacrosstheworldto34others.Sheisafighterforthe35ofpersonswithdisabilities,whichgivesthemaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andthesameadvantagesshehadgrowingup.21．A．disability B．shyness C．experience D．gender22．A．getridof B．putupwith C．getusedto D．takecareof23．A．a(chǎn)dmit B．practice C．consider D．imagine34．A．showed B．renewed C．launched D．strengthened25．A．taste B．lecture C．licence D．mission26．A．freedom B．struggle C．invitation D．opportunity27．A．fear B．puzzle C．dream D．memory28．A．distant B．natural C．powerful D．plicated29．A．a(chǎn)nnounce B．pursue C．defend D．share30．A．risks B．barriers C．failures D．possibilities31．A．busy B．unfortable C．irresponsiblefor D．tiredof32．A．plane B．a(chǎn)ssistant C．partner D．teacher33．A．trainer B．leader C．champion D．volunteer34．A．serve B．fund C．inspire D．interest35．A．jobs B．rights C．fame D．safety第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everyyearforoveramillennium,fishermenhavebravedthesubzerotemperatures,bitingwindsanddeepsnowtosearchfor36underwaterfortuneatChaganLake—oneofthebiggestfreshwaterlakesinourcountry.ChaganistheonlyplaceinChina37youcanstillfindfishermenusingaMongolianfishingmethodthatdatesbackcenturiesandhas38（bare）changedovertime.Holesaredrilledintheice39（lower）a2kilometerlongnetintopositionunderwater.Onceitfillsupwithfish,thenetispulledoutofthewaterusingagiantwheel40（turn）byMongolianhorses.Thelargestfishinthe41（season）firstcatchisbelievedtobelucky,andwillgotothehighestbidderattheauction（拍賣）.Toensurethatthistraditioncancontinue42.damagingthelake’secology,fishermenkeepnatureinmindthroughouttheprocess.43（avoid）theuseofmodernvehicleshelpsreducethechanceofpollutingthelakewater,andthenumberoffishthatcan44（catch）iscappedtoensurethattherewillbefishforyearstoe.Also,overthepastfewyears,themoneyfromtheauctionhasbeeninvestedintoprotectingthelakeandsurroundingenvironment.Andduringthesummer,privatefishingwithout45（permit）isstrictlyprohibited.Thesepreservativemeasureshavekeptthetraditionaliveforthousandsofyearsandcertainlywillbepassedontofuturegenerations.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，現(xiàn)已完成主題為“Food&Culture”英語演講比賽的霧作大綱，請給外教寫一封郵件，簡述大綱中你的觀點和論證思路，并就此征求對方的建議。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。2．可適當(dāng)添加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearSara,I’mseekingguidanceonmyspeechoutlineabout“Food&Culture”....I’dgreatlyappreciateyourthoughtsandanysuggestions.Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Joey,onceagain,hadtakenhisentirelunchplateandmixedallthefoodtogether.Hedidsomethinglikethisprettymucheverydayatcamp.“It’sanexperiment,”hetoldtheothercampers.“Likewhatwedoin