2024高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題強(qiáng)化練十三完形填空之說明文議論文含解析

PAGE專題強(qiáng)化練(十三)完形填空之說明文、爭(zhēng)論文ANumbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea__1__innumber.Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability.__2__，experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare，too.Forexample，manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone，thebirdwillnot__3__．However，ifyouremovetwo，thebird__4__leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe__5__betweentwoandthree.Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird's__6__numbersense.Amanwastryingtotakeaphotoofacrow(烏鴉)thathadanestinatower，butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot__7__untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan__8__．Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed，buttheydidnot__9__thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft，too.Theexperimentwas__10__withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere__11__．Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere__12__abletofoolthecrow.Howgoodisahuman'snumbersense?It'snotverygood.Forexample，babiesaboutfourteenmonthsoldalmostalwaysnoticeifsomethingistakenawayfroma__13__group.Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour，thechildrenare__14__fooled.Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld，andthatourhuman__15__isnotmuchbetterthanacrow's.1．A.rise B．patternC．change D．trend2．A.Importantly B．SurprisinglyC．Disappointedly D．Fortunately3．A.survive B．careC．hatch D．notice4．A.generally B．sincerelyC．casually D．deliberately5．A.distance B．rangeC．difference D．interval6．A.amazing B．a(chǎn)nnoyingC．satisfying D．disturbing7．A.relax B．recoverC．react D．return8．A.appointment B．excuseC．idea D．explanation9．A.fool B．hurtC．catch D．kill10．A.reported B．repeatedC．designed D．a(chǎn)pproved11．A.confused B．goneC．tired D．drunk12．A.gradually B．luckilyC．strangely D．finally13．A.single B．smallC．local D．new14．A.seldom B．temporarilyC．merely D．often15．A.sight B．natureC．a(chǎn)bility D．belief【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。講解并描述什么是數(shù)字感之后重點(diǎn)介紹有關(guān)動(dòng)物也具有數(shù)字感的試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明很多動(dòng)物和人一樣具有數(shù)字感，且人的這種感知數(shù)字改變的實(shí)力并不比烏鴉的這種實(shí)力強(qiáng)多少。1．解析：由下文的兩個(gè)試驗(yàn)來看，都是數(shù)字的“改變”。故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C2．解析：由句意“試驗(yàn)表明很多動(dòng)物也跟人類一樣具有這種實(shí)力”，可知這是“令人驚異的”，故選B。答案：B3．解析：結(jié)合下句，特殊是However可知，上下句的大意應(yīng)是“假如鳥巢內(nèi)有四個(gè)蛋，你移走一個(gè)蛋，這只鳥會(huì)沒有留意到；然而，假如你移走兩個(gè)蛋，這只鳥就會(huì)離開這里了”。故選D。答案：D4．解析：這只鳥“通?！睍?huì)離開，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詳細(xì)的例子是用來說明“manybirdshavegoodnumbersense”這個(gè)主題的。故選A。答案：A5．解析：這個(gè)例子談到，四個(gè)中移走一個(gè)余下三個(gè)，這只鳥不會(huì)留意到；若移走兩個(gè)，余下兩個(gè)，這只鳥就會(huì)離開這里了。這說明這只鳥知道余下兩個(gè)與余下三個(gè)的“差別”。故選C。答案：C6．解析：與上文中g(shù)oodnumbersense(良好的數(shù)字感)中的good相對(duì)應(yīng)．也與第2題的答案surprisingly相對(duì)，故選“amazing(令人驚異的)”，近義復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：A7．解析：與left相對(duì)，“離開”“返回”這兩者也叫同現(xiàn)；與下文中“returntothenest”的return是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：D8．解析：從下文看，這個(gè)人有了一個(gè)“辦法”或想了一個(gè)“方法”。故選C。答案：C9．解析：由but可知，他們并沒能夠“欺瞞”那只烏鴉。與下文“foolthecrow”中的fool是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A。答案：A10．解析：該試驗(yàn)先由一個(gè)人去接近那只烏鴉，然后又帶一個(gè)人即共兩個(gè)人去做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)，接著三個(gè)人、四個(gè)人去“重復(fù)”做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)。故選B。答案：B11．解析：那只烏鴉直到全部人都“不在了，消逝了”才會(huì)回來。答案：B12．解析：前面已分別由一個(gè)人、二個(gè)人、三個(gè)人、四個(gè)人重復(fù)做了四次了，直到五個(gè)人進(jìn)了塔走了四個(gè)，即還有一個(gè)在塔里，他們才“最終”欺瞞了這只烏鴉。結(jié)合文章倒數(shù)其次段講14個(gè)月大的嬰兒在數(shù)量超過三四個(gè)之后就常常被欺瞞，就可理解。答案：D13．解析：由下文“Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour”可知，是指三四個(gè)以內(nèi)的這樣一“小”組東西。答案：B14．解析：由But可知，后文是表示與alwaysnotice相對(duì)的意思，當(dāng)數(shù)量超過三四個(gè)以后，就“常?！蹦芷鄄m這些嬰兒了。故選D。答案：D15．解析：由文章的首段或首句可知，本文在講到人與動(dòng)物具有數(shù)字感，即有辨別數(shù)字改變的“實(shí)力”。故選C。答案：CB(2024·山東臨沂高三檢測(cè))MostdogshaveaneasylifeintheUS.Theyeat，play，getattentionfromtheir__16__andsleep.Butsomedogsworkhard.Theyarecalledguidedogs.Guidedogshelp__17__peoplemovefromplacetoplacesafely.Guidedogsandtheirownersareateam.Guidedogsdon'tleadtheowners，andtheirownersdon't__18__controltheguidedogs.Theyworktogether.Theguidedogsdon'tknowwheretheownerswanttogo，sothey__19__theowners'instructions.Theownerscan'tseetheobstacles(障礙物)alongtheway，sothedogsmakedecisionsforthe__20__oftheowners.Guidedogsstopatallcrossroadsbefore__21__astreet.Theydon'tseecolor，sotheydon'tknowifthelightisredorgreen.Theownersdecidedifitistimetocrossthestreetbylisteningtothesoundof__22__．Thedogshelptheownersgetonabusortrain.Theylearnto__23__manytasks.Mostguidedogsareveryintelligentandfriendly.Aguidedogneedstowork__24__distraction(分心)innoisyplaces，badweather，crowdsofpeople，and__25__situations.Whenyouseeaguidedog，itisimportantthatyou__26__thatthedogneedstofocusonitsjob.Don'tpatortalktothedog.Guidingisverydifficult，anditrequiresadog'sfull__27__．Guidedogtraininglastsaboutfivemonths.Onlyabout72percentofdogsthatenterthetrainingprogram“graduate”．Thosethatgraduatebringtheirownersvaluable__28__andlove.Inotherdogtrainingprograms，trainersusefoodasareward.Inguidedogtraining，thetrainersdon'tusefood.Theyusephysicalaffection(愛撫)．Thisis__29__aguidedogsometimestakestheownertoarestaurant.Itmustlie__30__attheowner'sfeetwithoutwantingtoeat.16．A.owners B．receiversC．a(chǎn)gents D．companions17．A.annoyed B．blindC．numb D．deaf18．A.obviously B．exactlyC．completely D．immediately19．A.follow B．reflectC．desire D．contradict20．A.preference B．conductC．comfort D．safety21．A.crossing B．observingC．diving D．leaving22．A.music B．dogsC．traffic D．steps23．A.leavealone B．dryoutC．setaside D．carryout24．A.beyond B．a(chǎn)gainstC．over D．without25．A.pleasant B．simpleC．difficult D．a(chǎn)wful26．A.recognize B．declareC．recommend D．distribute27．A.attention B．dignityC．enterprise D．concept28．A.bonus B．certificateC．relationship D．help29．A.when B．becauseC．why D．how30．A.quickly B．carefullyC．patiently D．gently【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了導(dǎo)盲犬的相關(guān)學(xué)問與留意事項(xiàng)。16．解析：考查名詞。句意：他們吃、玩耍、從主子那里得到關(guān)注、睡覺。owner“主子，全部者”；receiver“接收者”；agent“代理人，經(jīng)紀(jì)人”；companion“同伴，伙伴”。答案：A17．解析：考查形容詞。導(dǎo)盲犬應(yīng)當(dāng)是幫助盲人的。annoyed“憤怒的”；blind“失明的”；numb“麻木的，失去知覺的”；deaf“聾的”。答案：B18．解析：考查副詞。依據(jù)后文可知，導(dǎo)盲犬不能帶領(lǐng)主子，主子也不能完全限制導(dǎo)盲犬，他們一起工作，是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。obviously“明顯地，明顯地”；exactly“準(zhǔn)確地”；completely“完全地，徹底地”；immediately“立即，立刻”。答案：C19．解析：考查動(dòng)詞。導(dǎo)盲犬不知道主子要去哪里，所以它們要聽從主子的指示。followtheinstructions“聽從指示”。reflect“反映，反射”；desire“渴望，想要”；contradict“反對(duì)”。答案：A20．解析：考查名詞。主子看不到路上的障礙物，為了主子的平安，導(dǎo)盲犬做出相應(yīng)的確定。preference“偏愛”；conduct“行為”；comfort“勸慰”；safety“平安”。答案：D21．解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。在穿過公路之前，導(dǎo)盲犬在十字路口停下來。cross“穿過”；observe“視察”；dive“潛水”；leave“離開”。答案：A22．解析：考查名詞。導(dǎo)盲犬不能辨別顏色，所以它們不知道交通信號(hào)燈是紅色的還是綠色的。主子通過聽車輛的聲音來辨別是否可以過公路。music“音樂”；dog“狗”；traffic“交通，車輛”；step“步伐，腳步聲”。答案：C23．解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語。它們學(xué)會(huì)執(zhí)行很多任務(wù)。leavealone“不管”；dryout“(使)變干”；setaside“放在一邊，省出”；carryout“執(zhí)行”。答案：D24．解析：考查介詞。導(dǎo)盲犬須要即使在一些吵鬧的地方、壞天氣下、人群中和困難的狀況下工作，也不能分心。beyond“超出，超過”；against“反對(duì)”；over“超過，在上面”；without“沒有”。答案：D25．解析：考查形容詞。解析見上一題。pleasant“令人開心的”；simple“簡(jiǎn)潔的”；difficult“困難的”；awful“極厭煩的”。答案：C26．解析：考查動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)后句“Don'tpatortalktothedog”可知，導(dǎo)盲犬工作時(shí)，你要意識(shí)到它須要專注于它的工作。recognize“認(rèn)出，識(shí)別”；declare“宣布”；recommend“舉薦”；distribute“分發(fā)，分銷”。答案：A27．解析：考查名詞。給人領(lǐng)路是很困難的，并且它須要狗的全部留意力。attention“留意，關(guān)注”；dignity“尊嚴(yán)，名貴”；enterprise“事業(yè)”；concept“概念”。答案：A28．解析：考查名詞。那些訓(xùn)練畢業(yè)的導(dǎo)盲犬帶給它們的主子寶貴的幫助和愛。bonus“紅利，獎(jiǎng)金”；certificate“證書”；relationship“關(guān)系”；help“幫助”。答案：D29．解析：考查連接詞。這是因?yàn)閷?dǎo)盲犬有時(shí)帶主子去餐廳。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；because“因?yàn)椤?；why“為什么”；how“如何，怎么樣”。答案：B30．解析：考查副詞。它必需耐性地躺在主子腳邊，而不吃東西。quickly“快速地”；carefully“細(xì)致地”；patiently“耐性地”；gently“溫順地”。答案：CCInthepast，peopleusedtomakeclothesanddorepairsonthingsinthehousemorethannowadays.Ithinkthedifferencebetweenthenandnowhasbeen__31__byanumberofreasonssuchasthequantityofother__32__，thedifferencesinjobsandinlifestyles，etc.Inthepast，afterpeoplefinishedtheirworkdays，itwasstill__33__andtheydidn'thavetoomanyotheractivitiestodo，__34__theyspenttheirfreetimedoingsomerepairsandmanywomenusedtomakeclothes(Mostofthemdidn'tevenhaveajob)．Nowadays，__35__，alargenumberofwomenworkandbothmenandwomenhavetodealwiththepressuresofworkandtheyusuallywork__36__hours，sotheyhavelittletimetodorepairsormakeclothesthemselves.Anotherreasonthathasledtothis__37__isthatpeoplehavelessandlesstimefora__38__thatrequiresalotoftime.Andwhentheirhobbyneedssomeknowledge，theyhavelittletimetolearnit.Becauseeverythingthattheywantto__39__ismoretechnicalandcomplicatedthanbefore，doingrepairstakesuptoomuch__40__andpeoplenearlyalwayshavetoturntoaqualifiedtechnician.Besides，traditionsarebeinglostbecausepeoplelearntraditionsfromtheir__41__whentheyareyoung，butnowadays，youngpeoplehavetoomanyhobbieslikesports，videogames，computers，cinemas，amusementparks，chatroomsand__42__spendanyoftheirfreetime__43__theirparents.__44__，globalizationandthegreattechnicaladvancesinthehomearealsocontributingfactors，sothissituationis__45__aroundtheworld.31．A.planned B．a(chǎn)llowedC．caused D．noted32．A.habits B．thoughtsC．a(chǎn)ctivities D．judgments33．A.special B．hotC．normal D．early34．A.but B．soC．if D．because35．A.however B．thereforeC．otherwise D．besides36．A.flexible B．longC．difficult D．happy37．A.mistake B．relationshipC．idea D．situation38．A.job B．dreamC．hobby D．meeting39．A.fix B．buyC．copy D．check40．A.luck B．powerC．courage D．time41．A.teachers B．friendsC．neighbors D．parents42．A.hardly B．usuallyC．a(chǎn)ctually D．completely43．A.lookingafter B．learningfromC．cheeringfor D．knowingabout44．A.Afterall B．AtleastC．Forexample D．Atlast45．A.happening B．passingC．disappearing D．serving【語篇解讀】本文是爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要探討了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的人們不再像以前的人們那樣常常在家做衣服和修理物品的緣由。31．解析：在下文中，作者列舉了導(dǎo)致(cause)現(xiàn)代人不像過去的人們那樣自己