專題3.冠詞（小初考點差異及銜接）（解析版）

冠詞（小初考點差異及連接）學(xué)校要求不定冠詞a與an定冠詞the學(xué)校要求不定冠詞a與an的用法；定冠詞the的用法；3、“零”冠詞的用法?！緦W(xué)校冠詞考點聚焦】考點1.不定冠詞a與an在下列名詞前填上a或an。1.________picture2._________ear3._________duck4.________elephant5.________girl6._________apple7.________hour8.________actor9._________university 10.______usefulbook【答案】1.a2.an3.a4.an5.a6.an7.an8.an9.a10.a考點2.定冠詞the1.—Who’s_______boyin_______sweater?—He’sDavid.A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;a【答案】B【解析】句意：穿著一件毛衣的男孩是誰？毛衣是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前面用a修飾。男孩特指穿毛衣那個。2.______moongoesaround______earth.A.A;an B.The;an C.An;the D.The;the【答案】D【解析】moon月球，earth地球，獨一無二的事物前要用the。用a,an或the填空，若不需要填寫,則劃“/”。1.Sheis________universitystudent.2.Peterlivesin________secondfloor.3.Ittakesme________hourtogotoschool.4.Excuseme,whereis________bookstore?5.Tomorrowis________Sunday.【答案】1.a2.the3.an4.the5./【學(xué)校冠詞考點聚焦】考點清單冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞前，掛念指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。a/an叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。a用在輔音音素開頭的單詞之前，an用在元音音素開頭的單詞之前。如：auniversity,anhour,abook,anapple等?？键c一不定冠詞的用法⑴a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，泛指某一類人或事物。如：Johnisastudent.//MaryisanEnglishteacher.⑵表示數(shù)量“一”，但數(shù)的概念不如one猛烈。如：Passmeanapple,please.//Ihaveacomputerandacar.⑶指某人或某物，但不具體指明是哪個人或物。如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.//Agirliswaitingforyououtside.⑷表示“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于every。如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.//Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.⑸用在序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”。如：I’vetriedthreetimes.Letmetryafourthtime.⑹用在某些固定短語中。如：afew/little,acup/bottleof,catchacold/bus,haveagoodtime,havealook,inaminute,makeamistake,alotof,havearest,halfanhour,akindof,anumberof,makeacontribution,haveatalkwith等。1.Severalyearsago,IworkedforEnglishnewspaperwhichwasdoingsuchresearch.

答案an考查冠詞。設(shè)空處修飾其后的Englishnewspaper,由語境可知,此處表泛指,又因English以元音音素開頭,因此設(shè)空處填不定冠詞an。2.HecouldlearnsomenewskillswiththehelpofNathan.Itwouldbeexcitingexperience.

答案an考查冠詞。在本句中,名詞experience“經(jīng)受,體驗”是可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指,即一次令人興奮的經(jīng)受/體驗,exciting為元音音素開頭的單詞,故使用不定冠詞an。3.EdwenttostudyartinParisandbecameartist.

答案an考查冠詞。這里為泛指,表示一名藝術(shù)家,所以填不定冠詞,且artist以元音音素開頭,因此答案是an。4.Yourbestfriendistellingyoujoke,butyoucan’tcatchit!

答案a本題考查不定冠詞。tellajoke講笑話。5.Inthekitchen,therewassurpriseforClaudio—hisfavoritepancakes.

答案a本題考查冠詞。此處表泛指,且surprise以輔音音素開頭,故填a。6.What’samazingisthatBethhasn’teverbeentodrumlesson.

答案a本題考查冠詞。此處表示泛指,且drum以輔音音素開頭,故填a。考點二定冠詞用法⑴特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：Thegirlinredismysister.//ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack.⑵指談話雙方都生疏的人或事物。如：Passmetheball,please.//Openthedoor,please.⑶指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。如：Iboughtapenyesterday.Thepenisformybrother.Isawafilmlastnight.ThefilmisaboutJim.//Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.⑷用在世界上獨一無二的名詞前。如：Thesunrisesfromtheeast.//Theearthturnsaroundthesun.⑸用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(副詞最高級前the可省略)以及表示方位的名詞的前面。如：Whoisthefirstonetogo?//Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.//TherewillbestrongwindtothesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.【提示】序數(shù)詞前通常要加the，但表示在原來基礎(chǔ)上另加一(個)時，則在序數(shù)詞前加a。如：asecondlanguage(除母語外的)其次語言⑹用在與play連用的西洋樂器名詞前構(gòu)成固定搭配“play+the+樂器名稱”。如：playthepiano/theviolin/guitar⑺用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脈、群島等名稱的前面。如：theChangjiangRiver；thePacificOcean；theWestLake。⑻用在由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專出名詞前（如：國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級）等。如：theGreatWall；theForbiddenCity；theRedArmy；//HeisfromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.⑼用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。如：TheLishavemovedtoBeijing.//TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.⑽用在某些形容詞前，表示一類人或事物。如：thepoor窮人；theblind盲人；therich富人；theold老人；thesick病人。⑾用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，泛指某一類。如：Thehorseisausefulanimal.⑿用于“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”。如：Hecatchmebythearm.//Shehithimonthenose.//Ilookedhimintheface.⒀用在表示“……世紀(jì)……年月”的結(jié)構(gòu)前，年份后面加“-s”。如：inthe1990s在二十世紀(jì)九十年月⒁用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。如：inthesky在天空中；inthemiddleof…在……的中間；alltheyearround一年到頭；atthesametime(與此同時)；makethebed(鋪床)；intheend(最終)；allthetime(始終)；bytheway(順便說一下)；ontheway(在路上)；inthemorning(afternoon,evening)；ontheleft(right)；attheendof等。1.Butwithsocial?distancing(社交距離)rulesinUnitedStates,manysummercampsfacedifficultdecisions.

答案the考查冠詞。theUnitedStates美國。2.Forfirsttimeinhislife,MrHappylosthissmile.

答案the句意:Happy先生第一次失去了他的笑容?？疾楣谠~。forthefirsttime為固定搭配。3.Itookhimtocomputerinmyroomandsaid,“Righthere.”

答案the考查冠詞。設(shè)空處后的computer有介詞短語inmyroom修飾,因此設(shè)空處使用定冠詞。4.Fortherestoftheday,threeofustravelledtogether.

答案the考查冠詞。這里thethreeofus特指我們?nèi)齻€人?？键c三不用冠詞的狀況（即“零”冠詞的用法）⑴專出名詞(包括人名、國名、地名、節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié))前不用冠詞。

如：BeijingUniversity；Jack；China；England；Mary；March；Sunday；NationalDay；spring；ChairmanMaoisagreatman.//BeijingisthecapitalofChina.//I’minClassOne.【留意】①季節(jié)，月份，星期后面帶有修飾語時，它們前面就要加定冠詞the。如：thesummerof2010②一般狀況下以Day結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前不加the。如：NewYear’sDay,Teachers’Day,NationalDay等。③一般狀況下以Festival結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前加the。如：theSpringFestival;theDragon-BoatFestival;theMid-AutumnFestival⑵復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指一類人或事物時，不用冠詞。如：Theyareteachers/nurses.⑶不行數(shù)名詞（物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞）前一般不加冠詞。如：time時間；water水；fruit水果；love愛；air空氣。⑷名詞前已有指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞全部格、不定代詞或疑問代詞時（this,my,Tom’s,whose,some,no,each,every等），不用冠詞。如：Cakeismyfavouritefood.//Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.//Iwantthisbook,notthatone.⑸球類、棋類、學(xué)科、語言、消遣運動、一日三餐前的名詞前，不用冠詞。

如：haveChinese；learnChinese；havebreakfast(lunch/supper)；playvolleyball；Helikesplayingfootball/chess.//WelikeEnglishandmathsverymuch.【留意】①表示三餐的名詞前有形容詞修飾時，要加定冠詞the。如：Theyhadaquickbreakfast.②具體指某一個球時，要加定冠詞the。如：Whereisthebasketball?⑹表示職位、身份、頭銜、稱呼的名詞前，不用冠詞。

如：LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.//TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.⑺當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時，常省去冠詞。如：Ican’twritewithoutpenorpencil.⑻當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時，中間無冠詞。如：bybus,bytrain；⑼有些個體名詞不用冠詞。如：school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義。如：gotohospital去醫(yī)院看病;gotothehospital去醫(yī)院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)⑽城市的重要/主要建筑物名稱前不用冠詞。如：TheyarenowatPeople’sCinema.⑾一些習(xí)慣用語中不用。如：at/to/from/outof/after/forschool；in/to/for/afterclass；in/to/outof/intobed；after/at/from/outof/towork；at/tosea；in/from/down/totown；at/fromhome；at/for/tobreakfast/lunch/supper；atnight/noon/midnight；onfoot；gotoschool/bed；ontopof；infrontof；onshow/display/duty/watch；in/outofhospital；atall；on/intime；atfirst/last/once；inChinese/English；takecareof等。⑿不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞。如：①序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞。如：ThisismyfirsttimetocometoGuilin.②序數(shù)詞作副詞。如：Hecamefirstintherace.③在固定詞組中。如：at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast1.Weshouldhavebreakfasteverydaytokeephealthy.

A.aB.anC.theD./答案D本題考查零冠詞。havebreakfast吃早餐。故選D。冠詞的位置⑴通常狀況：冠詞位于名詞前，若名詞前有形容詞修飾，冠詞要放在形容詞之前。如：abeautifulflower;anhour。⑵特殊狀況：①不定冠詞在half,such,what,many之后。如：suchanicegirl(=soniceagirl)//halfanhourManyastudenthaspassedtheexam.(=Manystudentshavepassedtheexam.)Whatabeautifulflower!(=Howbeautifulaflower!)②不定冠詞在as,so,how,too修飾的形容詞之后。如：Howcoldadayitis!(=Whatacolddayitis!)③副詞quite和rather可置于不定冠詞之前。如：It’squiteanicehorse.(=It’saverynicehorse)//It’sratherahotdaytoday.(=It’saveryhotdaytoday)④當(dāng)名詞由both或all,whole修飾時，定冠詞須放在both或all之后,whole之前。如：allthestudents,boththechildren,thewholestoryⅠ.填空題1.AssymbolofChina,thepanda,ofcourseisthefavoriteoftheOlympics.

答案a本題考查冠詞。依據(jù)“symbolofChina”可知,此處泛指一種象征,symbol以輔音音素開頭,所以用不定冠詞a,asymbolof...“一種……的象征”。故填a。2.AlthoughtheOlympicWinterGamesmaynothaveasmanyplayersastheOlympicSummerGames,theysharesameOlympicspirit.

答案the本題考查冠詞。固定短語thesame意為“同樣”,故填the。3.AndinApril2021,thecitydecidedtostartactivityaskingownerstopickupwasteoftheirpets.

答案an本題考查冠詞。此處泛指“一項活動”,activity以元音音素開頭,設(shè)空處用不定冠詞an。故填an。4.Thenhowcanwefindhappiness?IaskedSallysuchquestion.

答案a本題考查冠詞。設(shè)空后的question是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),此處為“such+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),question以輔音音素開頭,因此使用a。故填a。5.Oncewetriedtoburnchemicals,chemicalsproducedmanycolorsofflames(火焰),includingbrightorangeanddarkgreen.

答案the本題考查冠詞。依據(jù)burnchemicals可知,此處其次次提到chemicals,因此用定冠詞the。故填the。6.Andbambooplayedimportantroleinit.

答案an本題考查冠詞。playarole起作用。important以元音音素開頭,因此使用不定冠詞an。7.WuhanisoneoflargestandmostbeautifulcitiesinChina.

答案the本題考查冠詞。設(shè)空處后為形容詞最高級,因此設(shè)空處使用定冠詞the。8.Soon,anotherbusdriverandambulance(搶救車)arrivedtohelp.

答案an本題考查冠詞。設(shè)空處修飾其后的可數(shù)名詞ambulance,ambulance為單數(shù)形式,第一次消滅且以元音音素開頭,因此使用不定冠詞an。9.Wishthetraincouldbelessnoisy?Theremightbesolutionforyou.

答案a本題考查冠詞。設(shè)空處修飾其后的可數(shù)名詞solution,solution為單數(shù)形式,第一次消滅且以輔音音素開頭,因此使用不定冠詞a。10.WangDewen,greatChinesewoodworker,livesinWuzhou,SouthChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.

答案a本題考查冠詞。設(shè)空處修飾其后的可數(shù)名詞woodworker,woodworker為單數(shù)形式,第一次消滅且設(shè)空后的great以輔音音素開頭,因此填不定冠詞a。Ⅱ.選擇題1.—Wow,whatacoolmodelspaceship!—Thanks!Myfathergaveittomeasbirthdaypresent.

A.aB.anC.theD./答案A本題考查冠詞。依據(jù)語境可知,此處泛指生日禮物;birthday是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,present是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用冠詞a。故選A。2.—MayIknowwhereyouboughtcap?Itlooksnice.

—Iboughtitonline.NeedIsendyouthe