08任務(wù)型閱讀之閱讀短文填空-2022-2023學(xué)年八年級英語下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)培優(yōu)拔高（牛津譯林版）

08任務(wù)型閱讀之閱讀短文填空1．OnSeptember2，2013，swimmerDianaNyadreachedKeyWest，F(xiàn)lorida.Atage64，NyadmadehistorybybeingthefirstpersontoswimfromCubatoFloridawithoutusingasharkcage（防鯊籠）.Ittookhernearly53hourstofinishthe103Mileswim."You'renevertoooldtoachieveyourdream，"Nyadsaidafterfinishingtheswim.'"Nevergiveup."ThiswasNyad'sfifthattempt（嘗試）topletetheswim.Shefirsttriedin1978，thenmadethreemoreattemptsbetween2011and2012.Whatfinallyhelpedhersucceed？Shehadtrainedforyears，andsometimespracticedswimmingfordaysatatime.Butevenmoreimportantthanthatwashermind.Besides，shehadateamthathelpedheralongtheway.Otherswimmershadmadethetripbefore，swimminginsidesharkcageswhichprotectedthemastheymovedthroughthedangerouswaters.ButNyaddidnotwanttouseacage.AlthoughNyadfacedmanychallengesalongtheway，shethoughtitwasallworthittoachievealifelongdream.Shewroteonherblog，"Iamsoproudofmyteam，and...Iamalsoveryproudofmyself."ManyothersareproudofNyadtoo.EvenPresidentBarackObamaofferedhiscongratulations.根據(jù)上面短文的內(nèi)容填空。（1）OnSeptember2，2013，theswimmerDianaNyadwas64yearsold.（2）DianaNyadhasbeethefirstpersontoswimfromCubatoFloridawithoutasharkcagewhichcouldprotectherfrombeinghurt.（3）DianaNyadfirsttriedin1978，thenshemadethreemoreattemptsbetween201land2012.（4）Shehadspentyearstrainingforit.Shehadateamthathelpedheralongtheway.（5）Nyadwereproudofherselfandherteam.Peoplebelievedthecountrywasproudofher，evenPresidentObamaofferedhiscongratulations.文章主旨：本文講述了64歲時的DianaNyad創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為第一個不使用防鯊籠從古巴游到佛羅里達(dá)州的人。答案詳解：（1）考查短語和數(shù)詞。根據(jù)第一段中的OnSeptember2，2013，swimmerDianaNyadreachedKeyWest，F(xiàn)lorida.Atage64，NyadmadehistorybybeingthefirstpersontoswimfromCubatoFloridawithoutusingasharkcage.（2013年9月2日，游泳運(yùn)動員DianaNyad抵達(dá)佛羅里達(dá)州基韋斯特。在64歲時，Nyad創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為第一個從古巴游到佛羅里達(dá)而不使用鯊魚籠的人。）可知，2013年9月2日，游泳運(yùn)動員DianaNyad64歲。故填：September2，；64。（2）考查介詞。根據(jù)第一段中的NyadmadehistorybybeingthefirstpersontoswimfromCubatoFloridawithoutusingasharkcage可知DianaNyad.（Nyad創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為第一個從古巴游到佛羅里達(dá)而不使用鯊魚籠的人。）可知，DianaNyad成為第一個從古巴游到佛羅里達(dá)的人，鯊魚籠可以保護(hù)她免受傷害。protectsb.Fromdoingsth.保護(hù)某人免受……，故填：without；from。（3）考查數(shù)詞和短語。根據(jù)第二段中的Shefirsttriedin1978，thenmadethreemoreattemptsbetween2011and2012.（她在1978年首次嘗試，然后在2011年至2012年間又嘗試了三次。）可知，她在1978年首次嘗試，然后在2011年至2012年間又嘗試了三次。故填：1978；threemoreattempts。（4）考查動詞和名詞。根據(jù)第二段中的Shehadtrainedforyears，andsometimespracticedswimmingfordaysatatime.Butevenmoreimportantthanthatwashermind.Besides，shehadateamthathelpedheralongtheway.（她訓(xùn)練了多年，有時一次練習(xí)游泳幾天。但更重要的是她的思想。此外，她有一個團(tuán)隊一直在幫助她。）可知，她為此花了多年的時間訓(xùn)練。她有一個團(tuán)隊一直在幫助她。spend+時間或金錢+doingsth.表示"花費(fèi)時間或金錢做某事"，由題干可知，句子時態(tài)是過去完成時，其結(jié)構(gòu)是haddone，第一空前助動詞had，因此第一空應(yīng)填動詞過去分詞，故填：spent；team。（5）考查反身代詞和短語。根據(jù)最后一段"Iamsoproudofmyteam，and...Iamalsoveryproudofmyself."ManyothersareproudofNyadtoo.EvenPresidentBarackObamaofferedhiscongratulations.（"我為我的團(tuán)隊感到驕傲，而且……我也為自己感到驕傲。"許多其他人也為Nyad感到驕傲。甚至美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬也表示祝賀。）可知，DianaNyad為自己和她的團(tuán)隊感到驕傲。人們認(rèn)為國家為她感到驕傲，甚至奧巴馬總統(tǒng)也表示祝賀。故填：herself；offeredhis。2．AlmostoneseventhofChinahasbeenunderheavysmog.Theairpollutionin20citieshasreachedthe"dangerlevel".Chinaisnotalone，however.Manycountrieshavethesamesituation.Theairpollutionisaproblemfromwhichwecan'thide.TheUnitedStatesSincethebeginningofthe19thcentury，Americahashadtroublewithenvironmentalproblems，airpollutioninparticular.Almost60percentofAmericansliveinareas，whereairpollutionhasreachedunhealthylevels.Itcanmakepeoplesick.TheUScreatedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyin1970andpassedtheCleanAirAct.Nowtheairalloverthecountryismuchcleaner，especiallyparedtotenyearsago.LondonYellowGreysmogwasafrequentvisitortoLondoninthe1950sandgotthename"Londonfog".Theheaviest，whichshockedtheworld，wasin1952.Becauseofcoldweatherandwindlessconditions，pollutedaircoveredthecity.Peoplecouldseesomethingaroundthemonlyinafewmetersandabout4，000peopledied.In1956，LondonpassedtheCleanAirAct.Itlargelyreducedairpollution.NewDelhiBecauseNewDelhiisdevelopingfast，itsairqualityisevenworsethanthatofChinesecities.NewDelhihasdonelittletoimproveairqualityinrecentyears.However，thecitygovernmentmadeafewchangesmorethan10yearsago.Theymovedindustryoutofthecity，builtasubwayandimprovedpublictransport.根據(jù)上面短文內(nèi)容填空。（每空一詞）（1）Asfortheairpollution，Chinaisnotalone.Manycountrieshavethesamesituation.（2）About60percentofAmericansliveinareas，whereairpollutionhasreachedunhealthylevels.（3）TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencywascreatedupbytheUSAin1970.TheUSApassedtheCleanAirAct.（4）InLondon，theheaviestsmoginLondonshockedtheworldandabout4，000peopledied.（5）NewDelhihasdonelittletomakeairqualitybetterinrecentyearsanditsairqualityisevenworsethanthatofChinesecities.文章主旨：要描述了世界性空氣污染問題"霧霾"．及一些國家的解決辦法答案詳解：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。（1）根據(jù)Chinaisnotalone，however.Manycountrieshavethesamesituation.（然而，中國并不孤單。許多國家都有同樣的情況。）可知，至于空氣污染，中國并不是唯一一個。許多國家都有同樣的情況。故填alone；situation。（2）根據(jù)Almost60percentofAmericansliveinareas，whereairpollutionhasreachedunhealthylevels.（近60%的美國人生活在空氣污染已達(dá)到不健康水平的地區(qū)。）可知，大約60%的美國人生活在空氣污染已達(dá)到不健康水平的地區(qū)。故填60；unhealthy。（3）根據(jù)TheUScreatedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyin1970andpassedtheCleanAirAct.（美國于1970年成立了環(huán)境保護(hù)局，并通過了《清潔空氣法》?？芍绹?970年成立了環(huán)境保護(hù)局。美國通過了《清潔空氣法》。故填created；passed。（4）根據(jù)Peoplecouldseesomethingaroundthemonlyinafewmetersandabout4，000peopledied.In1956，LondonpassedtheCleanAirAct.Itlargelyreducedairpollution.（人們只能在幾米內(nèi)看到周圍的東西，大約有4000人死亡。1956年，倫敦通過了《清潔空氣法案》。它大大減少了空氣污染。）可知，在倫敦，倫敦最嚴(yán)重的煙霧震驚了世界，約4000人死亡。故填London；died（5）根據(jù)BecauseNewDelhiisdevelopingfast，itsairqualityisevenworsethanthatofChinesecities.NewDelhihasdonelittletoimproveairqualityinrecentyears.（由于新德里發(fā)展迅速，其空氣質(zhì)量甚至比中國城市還要差。近年來，新德里在改善空氣質(zhì)量方面做得很少。）可知，近年來，新德里在改善空氣質(zhì)量方面做得很少，其空氣質(zhì)量甚至比中國城市還要差。故填little；worse。3．Takingyourdogforawalkcanbefun.Butitcanalsobringarisktoothers.Morethan10millionpeopleinChinaarebittenbydogseveryyear.Asaresult，anewlawwhichaskspeopletokeeptheirdogsonaropecameintouseonMay1，2021.Thelawfocuseson（聚焦）thepreventionofrabies（狂犬?。?Therabiesvirusismainlycarriedbydogs.Thelawmakesitclearthatanyonewhokeepsdogsmustregularlyvaccinate（定期接種疫苗）them.Peoplewhowalktheirdogsoutdoorsmustkeeptheirdogsonaropesothatdogswon'thurtpeopleorspreaddisease.Thosewhodon'tfollowthelawwillfaceafine.Inthepast，thedogownersdecidediftheywouldgettheirdogsvaccinated.Thismeantthatifsomeonewasbitten，theywouldhavetogotoahospitaltogettreatedandvaccinatedatonce.Accordingtoexperts（專家），70percentofanimaldiseasescanbepassedontohumans.And75percentofallnewinfectious（傳染性的）humandiseasesefromanimals，ChinaDailyreported.Soitismoreimportanttovaccinatedogsthanhumans.閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，每空一詞。Itisfuntowalkyourdogoutdoors.However，itcanalsobe（1）harmfultoothers.Everyyear，over10millionpeoplearebittenbydogs.AnewlawwhichaskspeopletokeeptheirdogsonaropecameintousethisMay.Itfocusesonpreventingrabies.Thelawexplains（2）clearlythatpeoplemustregularlyvaccinatetheirdogs.Andwhentheywalktheirdogs，dogsmustbekeptonaropeto（3）preventhurtingpeopleorspreadingdisease.Anyonewhobreaks.Thelawwillbe（4）fined.Inthepast，onlythedogownerscoulddecideiftheywouldvaccinatetheirpetdogs.Butmanydiseasescanspread（5）betweenanimalsandhumans.Sodogownersshouldvaccinatedogs.文章主旨：本文主要介紹了一項要求人們用繩子拴住狗的新法律于2012年5月1日開始實施以及人們應(yīng)該如何遛狗。答案詳解：（1）考查形容詞。根據(jù)Butitcanalsobringarisktoothers.Morethan10millionpeopleinChinaarebittenbydogseveryyear.（但它也會給其他人帶來風(fēng)險。中國每年有1000多萬人被狗咬傷。）可知，然而，它也可能對其他人有害。beharmfulto對……有害；對……是有害的，故填harmful。（2）考查關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)Thelawmakesitclearthatanyonewhokeepsdogsmustregularlyvaccinate（定期接種疫苗）them.（法律明確規(guī)定，養(yǎng)狗的人必須定期給狗接種疫苗。）可知法律明確規(guī)定，人們必須定期給狗接種疫苗。此處應(yīng)填副詞clearly修飾動詞explains，故填clearly。（3）考查副詞。根據(jù)Peoplewhowalktheirdogsoutdoorsmustkeeptheirdogsonaropesothatdogswon'thurtpeopleorspreaddisease.（在戶外遛狗的人必須把狗拴在繩子上，這樣狗就不會傷人或傳播疾病。）可知，當(dāng)他們遛狗時，必須把狗拴在繩子上以防止傷害他人或傳播疾病。to+動詞原形，故填prevent。（4）考查動詞。根據(jù)Thosewhodon'tfollowthelawwillfaceafine.（那些不遵守法律的人將面臨罰款。）可知，任何違反法律的人都將被罰款。willbefined將被罰款。一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，此處應(yīng)填過去分詞fined處……以罰金。故填fined。（5）考查介詞。根據(jù)Accordingtoexperts（專家），70percentofanimaldiseasescanbepassedontohumans.And75percentofallnewinfectious（傳染性的）humandiseasesefromanimals，ChinaDailyreported.（據(jù)專家稱，70%的動物疾病可以傳染給人類。據(jù)《中國日報》報道，75%的新增人類傳染病來自動物。）可知，但是許多疾病可以在動物和人類之間傳播。between...And...，表示在……和……之間。故填between。4．Startingfromtheingfallterm，studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolswillhaveatleastonelessoneveryweektolearnsimplebutnecessaryhouseworkskillssuchascleaningandcooking.Labor（勞動）lessonscovermainlyhousework，productivelabor，andservices.Thelessonsaregoodforstudents'character.Primaryschoolstudentsinfirstandsecondgradesneedtodosimplebutnecessarycleaning，washvegetablesandpeel（剝皮）fruit，andlearntoraiseoneortwokindsofplantsorsmallanimals.Thirdandfourthgradersshouldcleantheirclassrooms，washtheirunderwear，socksandshoes，andknowhowtomakecolddishes.Fifthandsixthgradersshouldknowtheskillsofcookingtwoorthreemondishes.Formiddleschoolstudents，theyareencouragedtocookthreeorfourdishesbythemselves，learnhowtomakeoneortwokindsoftraditionalhandicrafts（手工藝品），andexperienceoneortwotypesofindustriallabor（工業(yè)勞動），newtechnologies，modernserviceorvolunteerwork.Peoplewelesuchlessonsandsayit'snecessarytoteachyoungstudentshouseworkskills.YangJianping，amotherofafirstgraderinBeijing，saysshesupportsteachingstudentssuchlessons，becausetheycanhelpstudentslearnsomenecessarylaborskills.Herson'sheadteacherasksthestudentstocleantheclassrooms.Shelikesitverymuch.閱讀信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成下面的短文，每空一詞。Fromthepassageabove，welearnthatfromthenewfalltermon，bothprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentswillhaveatleastonelabourlessonaweek.Wearealsotoldwhatkindoflabourstudentsin（1）differentgradesmusttakeon.Forexample，primaryschoolstudentsaremainlyaskedtodosomesimple（2）houseworksuchascleaningandcookingwhilemiddleschoolstudentsareexpectedtodomore.Theyareencouragedtotakeonsomework（3）outside/beyondhomesothattheywillgetsomeskillsintraditionalhandicrafts，industriesandnewtechnologies.Theyarealsoencouragedtoworkas（4）volunteers.Finally，weknowthatpeopleshowgreat（5）supporttothelabourcoursebecausetheybelievethatitwillhelpdevelopchildren'scharacteraswellaslifeskills.文章主旨：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了從即將到來的秋季學(xué)期開始，中小學(xué)生將開展勞動課程，并明確規(guī)定了不同年級學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，以及人們對開展此課程的態(tài)度。答案詳解：（1）考查形容詞。根據(jù)文中第三段"Primaryschoolstudentsinfirstandsecondgradesneedtodosimplebutnecessarycleaning，washvegetablesandpeel（剝皮）fruit，andlearntoraiseoneortwokindsofplantsorsmallanimals.Thirdandfourthgradersshouldcleantheirclassrooms，washtheirunderwear，socksandshoes，andknowhowtomakecolddishes.Fifthandsixthgradersshouldknowtheskillsofcookingtwoorthreemondishes."可知不同年級的學(xué)生需要學(xué)會做不同種類的勞動。故填different。（2）考查名詞。根據(jù)文中第一段"studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolswillhaveatleastonelessoneveryweektolearnsimplebutnecessaryhouseworkskillssuchascleaningandcooking."可知中小學(xué)生每周至少上一節(jié)課，學(xué)習(xí)簡單但必要的家務(wù)技能，如清潔和做飯。故填housework。（3）考查介詞。根據(jù)文中第三段"Formiddleschoolstudents，theyareencouragedtocookthreeorfourdishesbythemselves，learnhowtomakeoneortwokindsoftraditionalhandicrafts（手工藝品）andexperienceoneortwotypesofindustriallabor（工業(yè)勞動），newtechnologies，modernserviceorvolunteerwork."可知中學(xué)生的勞動課不局限于家里，還需要到戶外參與勞動實踐。故填outside/beyond。（4）考查名詞。根據(jù)第三段"Formiddleschoolstudents，theyareencouragedtocook…experienceoneortwotypesofindustriallabor（工業(yè)勞動），newtechnologies，modernserviceorvolunteerwork."可知中學(xué)生不僅要學(xué)習(xí)手工藝技巧，還需要做志愿者。故填volunteers。（5）考查名詞。根據(jù)文中最后一段"Peoplewelesuchlessonsandsayit'snecessarytoteachyoungstudentshouseworkskills…saysshesupportsteachingstudentssuchlessons..."可知人們對此課程表示支持。故填support。5．Dannaylovestoread."Whenyou'rereading，youcanbeinyourownworldanddoalmostanythingyouwant，"shesays.TheHarryPotterseriesareherfavorites.ButtoDannay，allbookshavemagicoftheirown.Dannaylearnedthatinpoorneighborhoods，theremaybeonly1bookforevery300kids.Shewasalsosurprisedtofindoutthatkidsinpoorneighborhoodsmaynotownbooksorvisitalibrary.Shedecidedtochangethat.Soattheageof8，DannaystartedanorganizationcalledReadingHeart.Itcollectsbooksthataregivenbypeopleinthemunity.ThenDannay，herfamilyandfriendshandtheircollectionsouttokidsinpoorschools，hospitalsandneighborhoodsforfree.Infouryears，they'vegivenawaymorethan400，000books!Onvisitstoschools，Dannayturnsthebookgiveawayintoaparty.Withdancing，freeTShirtsandtablesofbooks，her"BookTour"hascovered150schoolsinherareatogetkidsexcitedaboutreading.Afterkidschoosetheirbooks，Dannaygivesthemachallenge."Theycankeeptheirbooks，"shesays."Butwhentheyfinishreadingabook，theyhavetoshareitwithafriend."Byexchangingbooks，kidscanreadevenmore.Dannayloveshelpingothersdiscoverthemagicofreading."Whenkidsgetabook，theyfeelveryhappy.Seeingkids'smilesmakesmefeelreallyamazed."Dannaysays.Ifonewantstobehappy，hecandosomethingforothersandifonewantstobegreat，hecanhelpothersreadbooks.Dannayisahelpfulandgreatperson.Dannaylovestoread.Shethinksallbookshavetheirownmagic.Dannaylearnedthatkidsinpoorneighborhoodsmaynotownbooksorvisitalibrary.Shedecidedtochangethat.Attheageof8，DannaystartedReadingHeart.Itcollects（1）booksgivenbypeopleinthemunityandgivesthemtokidsinneedforfree.Infouryears，they'vegivenaway（2）morethan400，000books!Her"BookTour"bringskidsgreatexcitementaboutreading.Afterkidschoosetheirbooks，DannaygivesthemachallengeWhenthey（3）finishreadingabook，theyhavetoshareitwithafriend.（4）Byexchangingbooks，kidscanreadevenmore，Dannaythinksit'san（5）amazingfeeingtoseekids'smileswhentheygetabook.Dannayisreallyhelpfulandgreat.文章主旨：本文講述了Dannay喜歡讀書。她認(rèn)為所有的書都有自己的魔力。Dannay了解到，貧困社區(qū)的孩子可能不會擁有書籍或參觀圖書館。她決定改變這一點(diǎn)。它收集社區(qū)中人們贈送的書籍，并免費(fèi)送給需要幫助的孩子。答案詳解：（1）考查名詞。根據(jù)Soattheageof8，DannaystartedanorganizationcalledReadingHeart.Itcollectsbooksthataregivenbypeopleinthemunity.（因此，在8歲時，Dannay創(chuàng)辦了一個名為"閱讀之心"的組織。它收集社區(qū)中人們贈送的書籍。）可知，它收集社區(qū)中人們贈送的書籍，并免費(fèi)送給需要幫助的孩子。此處用book的復(fù)數(shù)形式books表示泛指。故填books。（2）考查短語。根據(jù)Infouryears，they'vegivenawaymorethan400，000books!（四年來，他們送出了40多萬本書?。┛芍谒哪昀铮麄兯统隽?0多萬本書！多于"morethan"。故填morethan。（3）考查動詞。根據(jù)Afterkidschoosetheirbooks，Dannaygivesthemachallenge."Theycankeeptheirbooks，"shesays."Butwhentheyfinishreadingabook，theyhavetoshareitwithafriend."（在孩子們選擇了他們的書之后，Dannay給了他們一個挑戰(zhàn)。"他們可以保留他們的書，"她說。"但當(dāng)他們讀完一本書時，他們必須與朋友分享。"通過交換書籍，孩子們可以閱讀更多。）可知，在孩子們選擇了他們的書后，丹內(nèi)給了他們一個挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)他們讀完一本書時，他們必須與朋友分享。完成"finish"，根據(jù)gives可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為they，故用finish的原形。故填finish。（4）考查介詞。根據(jù)Byexchangingbooks，kidscanreadevenmore.（通過交換書籍，孩子們可以閱讀更多。）可知，通過交換書籍，孩子們可以閱讀更多的書，Dannay認(rèn)為當(dāng)孩子們收到一本書時看到他們的微笑是一種令人驚奇的感覺。通過"by"，位于句首，首字母需要大寫。故填By。（5）考查形容詞。根據(jù)"Whenkidsgetabook，theyfeelveryhappy.Seeingkids'smilesmakesmefeelreallyamazed."（"當(dāng)孩子們得到一本書時，他們感到非常高興?？吹胶⒆觽兊男θ葑屛腋械椒浅ｓ@訝"。）可知，通過交換書籍，孩子們可以閱讀更多的書，Dannay認(rèn)為當(dāng)孩子們收到一本書時看到他們的微笑是一種令人驚奇的感覺。令人驚奇的"amazing"，指物，主語為it。故填amazing。6．Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlife.Andalthoughwethinkit'snaturalandnormaltohavefriends，weoftendon'thaveaclearunderstandingofhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithanumberofpeople，weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample，theaverage（平均）numberoffriendsamongstudentsisabout6.Inafriendlyrelationship，twopeoplelikeeachotherandenjoybeingtogether，butwhethertheyareclosefriendsdependsonmorethingslikeage，economiccondition，socialposition，andintelligence（智力）.Althoughtheyarenotthemostimportant，itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisabigdifferenceamongthem.Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion，butitisusualforclosefriendstohaveattitudesandinterestsinmon.Theyoftentalkabout"beingonthesamewavelength（波長）".Itusuallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Peoplewanttohelpfriendsandhatetobreakapromise.Thishelpstheminvolveintimately（緊密）withoneanother.Friendsareimportantinourlife.It'snaturalandnormalforustomakefriends，butwedon'tunderstand（1）clearlyhowwemakefriends.It'susualthatweonlymakefriendswithaveryfewpeople（2）whilegettingonwithmanypeople.Inafriendship，whetherthepeoplecanbeeclosefriendsmay（3）dependonmorethanenjoyingbeingtogether.Ifpeoplerealizetheyhavereallydifferentfactorslikeage，economiccondition，socialposition，andintelligencefromtheirfriends，theywillhavemore（4）difficultiesgettingonwiththem.Themoreimportantly，closefriendsneedtohave（5）mon/similarattitudesandinterests.Besides，friendsshouldtolerate（容忍）differencesofopinions.文章主旨：本文主要講述了朋友在我們生活中發(fā)揮著重要的作用，我們應(yīng)該清楚地認(rèn)識到如何去交朋友。答案詳解：（1）clearly.考查副詞。分析句子可知此處缺副詞修飾動詞understand。根據(jù)上文"weoftendon'thaveaclearunderstandingofhowwemakefriends"我們常常不清楚我們是如何交朋友的。可知，此處用形容詞"clear"修飾名詞"understanding"。那么此空則應(yīng)用clear的副詞形式"clearly（清楚地）"修飾動詞understand。故填：clearly。（2）while.考查連詞。根據(jù)上文"Whilewegetonwellwithanumberofpeople，weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew"雖然我們與許多人相處得很好，但我們通常只與極少數(shù)人成為朋友。此句中while表示"當(dāng)......時"。因此該空也填while"當(dāng)......時"引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填：while。（3）depend.考查動詞。dependon固定短語，譯為"依靠，依賴"。根據(jù)題干并對比上文內(nèi)容"butwhethertheyareclosefriendsdependsonmorethingslikeage，economiccondition，socialposition，andintelligence"但他們是否是親密的朋友更多地取決于年齡、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、社會地位和智力。該空要填"依賴"這一含義。且may為情態(tài)動詞，其后要接動詞原形。故填：depend。（4）difficulties.考查名詞。根據(jù)題干并對比上文內(nèi)容"itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisabigdifferenceamongthem"當(dāng)人們之間存在很大的差異時，很難與他們相處。該空要填"困難"這一含義的詞。more形容詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，譯為"更多的"；形容詞difficult"困難的"，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式為"difficulties"。故填：difficulties。（5）mon/similar.考查形容詞。根據(jù)題干并對比上文內(nèi)容"butitisusualforclosefriendstohaveattitudesandinterestsinmon"但親密的朋友通常有共同的態(tài)度和興趣。have...Inmoon"在......有共同之處"，此空要填"相似的；相同的"這一含義的詞。attitudes和interests為名詞，形容詞修飾名詞，因此這里要填形容詞。形容詞similar/mon譯為"相似的；共同的"。故填：mon/similar。7．Haveyouhadaheadacheduringatest？Haveyoueverbeensoworriedaboutsomethingthatyouhaveaheadacheorevencan'tsleepatnight？Ifso，thenyouknowwhatstress（壓力）is.Stressiswhatyoufeelwhenyouareworriedaboutsomething.Thisworryinyourmindcanmakeyourbodyfeelbad.Youmayfeelangry，sad，scared，orafraidAllofwhichcangiveyouastomachacheoraheadache.However，therearedifferentkindsofstress.Somekindsofstressaregoodandothersarebad.Goodstressmighthappenwhenyou'recalledtoanswerquestionsinclassorwhenyouhavetogiveaspeech.Thiskindofstresscanhelpyoutogetthingsbetterdone.Forexample，youmaydoabetterjobonyourtestifthestresspushesyoutopreparebetterbeforethetest.Ontheotherhand，badstresscanhappenifthestresslasts（持續(xù)）toolong.Youmaynotfeelwellifyourparentsarefighting，ifafamilymemberissick，ifyou'rehavingproblemsatschool，orifanythingelsemakesyouunhappyeveryday.Thatkindofstressisn'tgoingtohelpyou.Anditcanactuallymakeyousick.Thebestwaytofightthestressistohaveabalanced（均衡的）life.Makesureyoukeepinmindsleep，exercise，leisure（休閑），andfood.Ifyougetenoughsleepandeathealthily，andifyouexerciseandleavetimeforfun，you'llprobablyfeellessstressed.閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成下列短文，每空一詞。Stressiswhatyouarementallyexperiencingwhenyouareworried.Itwillbringyousuchbad（1）feelingsasanger，sadness，orfearaswellassomephysicalpain.Butyoudon'thavetobetoonervousaboutit.Inreallifeeveryoneneedsitfromtimetotime（2）because/as/forproperstresscanpushthemtogetthingsbetterdone.Becauseofsuchstress，peoplehave（3）chancestodosomethingtheythoughtimpossibleandimprovethemselves.However，stresscanbe（4）harmfultoyouifyoufeelitallthetime.To（5）avoidsuchasituation，itisnecessaryforeveryonetolearntoliveabalancedlife.Inotherwords，makesurethatyouhaveahealthydiet（飲食）andenoughtimeforsleep，exerciseandfunindailylife.文章主旨：本文主要介紹了什么是壓力，壓力的類型以及緩解壓力的辦法。答案詳解：（1）feelings.考查名詞。句意：它不僅會給你帶來身體上的痛苦，還會給你帶來憤怒、悲傷或恐懼等糟糕的感覺。根據(jù)第一段Youmayfeelangry，sad，scared，orafraid可知，你可能感到生氣、悲傷、恐懼或者害怕，即壓力會給你帶來各種負(fù)面的情緒和感受，feeling為可數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)。故填feelings。（2）because/as/for.考查連詞。句意：在現(xiàn)實生活中，每個人都時不時地需要壓力，因為適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫梢源偈顾麄儼咽虑樽龅酶?。根?jù)第二段Goodstressmighthappenwhenyou'recalledtoanswerquestionsinclassorwhenyouhavetogiveaspeech.Thiskindofstresscanhelpyoutogetthingsbetterdone.可知，好的壓力可能發(fā)生在你被要求在課堂上回答問題或做演講的時候；這種壓力可以幫助你把事情做得更好。分析題干句式，此句是狀語從句，且設(shè)空后的從句表原因，因此可以用連詞because、as或for引導(dǎo)此原因狀語從句。故填because/as/for。（3）chances.考查名詞。句意：由于這種壓力，人們有機(jī)會去做一些他們認(rèn)為不可能的事情，并提高自己。根據(jù)第二段Thiskindofstresscanhelpyoutogetthingsbetterdone.Forexample，youmaydoabetterjobonyourtestifthestresspushesyoutopreparebetterbeforethetest.可知，這種壓力可以幫助你把事情做得更好。例如，如果壓力迫使你在考試前更好地準(zhǔn)備，你可能會在考試中做得更好。根據(jù)語境及句式，題干設(shè)空處表"有……去做他們認(rèn)為不可能的事情"，結(jié)合語境，這里填"機(jī)會"符合語境，構(gòu)成"havechancestodosth"短語，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中chance是可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填chances。（4）harmful.考查形容詞。句意：然而，如果你一直感到壓力，壓力對你是有害的。根據(jù)第三段Ontheotherhand，badstresscanhappenifthestresslaststoolong...Thatkindofstressisn'tgoingtohelpyou.Anditcanactuallymakeyousick.可知，另一方面，如果壓力持續(xù)太久，就會產(chǎn)生不良壓力……這種壓力對你沒有幫助，它實際上會讓你生病。根據(jù)語境及句式，題干設(shè)空處表"對……有害"，構(gòu)成固定搭配"beharmfulto"短語。故填harmful。（5）avoid.考查動詞。句意：為了避免這樣的情況，每個人都有必要學(xué)會過平衡的生活。根據(jù)最后一段Thebestwaytofightthestressistohaveabalancedlife.可知，對抗壓力的最好方法就是擁有平衡的生活。分析句式，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動詞；根據(jù)語境，設(shè)空處表"為了避免這種情形"，因此動詞avoid（避免）符合語境。故填avoid。8．Withthestartofthenewtermdelayed（延期），wehadtotakeonlineclassesathome．Ifoundit'sagoodideatofirstlearnthingsbymyselfandthendiscussthemwithmyclassmatesandteachers．However，municatingwithourteacherscanbedifficultwhenwehaveapoorinternetconnection．Onlineclassesallowustocarryonwithourlearning，sincewecan'tgobacktoourschool．Wedon'thavetoworryabouttheteachergoingtoofastbecausewecanwatchthevideosasmanytimesasweneed．Itprovidesuswithachancetomakeuseofonlinelearningresources．Wemightfeeltiredafterwatchingaputerorsmartphonescreenforalongtime．Itisespeciallybadforoureyes．SometimesI'mnotabletolistentotheteacherascarefullyasIdointraditionalclassesbecauseIeasilygetdistracted（分心）bysoundsorotherthings．Ifindithardertotakepartinclassactivitieswhiletakingvideoclasses．I'velearnedfromthisspecialexperiencethatit'snecessarytogetintogoodlearninghabits，especiallyselfDiscipline（自律）．Otherwise，it'seasytofallbehind．Anytimecanbelearningtime．Thisexperiencetaughtmetoberesponsibleformyself．閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，每空一詞．Withthestartofthenewsemesterdelayed，wehadtotakeonlineclassesathome．Onlineclassesallowusto（1）continueourstudy．Ifwe（2）failtotakenotes，onlineclassesprovideasecondchancetocatchup，becausewecanwatchthevideosasmanytimesasweneed．Watchingaputerorsmartphonescreenforalongtimeis（3）harmfultooureyes．Itis（4）impossibleformetolistentotheteacherascarefullyasIdointraditionalclasses．Weneedto（5）developgoodlearninghabitswhenteachersarenotaround．文章主旨：短文講了新學(xué)期開學(xué)推遲了，不得不在家里上網(wǎng)絡(luò)課．詳細(xì)地介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的好處和缺點(diǎn)等．答案詳解：（1）continue．考查動詞．根據(jù)第二段那句子"Onlineclassesallowustocarryonwithourlearning，sincewecan'tgobacktoourschool．"可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程讓我們可以繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)．carryonwith等于continue，allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事．故答案為continue．（2）fail．考查動詞．根據(jù)第二段句子"Wedon'thavetoworryabouttheteachergoingtoofastbecausewecanwatchthevideosasmanytimesasweneed．Itprovidesuswithachancetomakeuseofonlinelearningresources．"可知如果我們沒有記筆記，網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程提供了第二次趕上進(jìn)度的機(jī)會．failtodosth未能做某事，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是we．故答案為fail．（3）harmful．考查短語．根據(jù)第三段句子"Wemightfeeltiredafterwatchingaputerorsmartphonescreenforalongtime．Itisespeciallybadforoureyes．"可知長時間盯著電腦或智能屏幕對我們的眼睛有害．bebadfor等于beharmfulto對…有害；故答案為harmful．（4）impossible．考查形容詞．根據(jù)第三段句子"SometimesI'mnotabletolistentotheteacherascarefullyasIdointraditionalclassesbecauseIeasilygetdistracted（分心）bysoundsorotherthings．"可知對我來說，不可能像在傳統(tǒng)課堂上那樣認(rèn)真地聽老師講課．Itis+形容詞+forsbtodosth固定句型．benotableto等于impossible不可能．故答案為impossible．（5）develop．考查動詞．根據(jù)最后一段句子"I'velearnedfromthisspecialexperiencethatit'snecessarytogetintogoodlearninghabits，especiallyselfDiscipline（自律）．"可知當(dāng)老師不在的時候，我們需要養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣．needtodosth需要做某事，故答案為develop．9．Perhapsyou'vealreadywatchedorheardaboutReaders，aTVshowthatisonagoldenperiodoftimebyDongQing．Itattractedagreatnumberofaudience．Itinvitesdifferentpeopletoreadaloudonthestage，aswellastellthetouchingstoriesbehindthem．Theycanreadeverything，likepoems，booksandletters．Manypeoplearefansoftheshowandbegintoenjoyreadingaloudathome．NowtheshowgivespeopleaspecialplacetoreadacrossChina．Readingpavilions（朗讀亭）arenowincitieslikeShanghai，HangzhouandXi'an．Thepavilionisquitesmall．Onlyonepersoncaneintoiteachtime．Thereisamicrophoneinitanditrecordspeople'svoices．Everyonecanreadanythingtheylikeforthreeminutesinthepavilion．TheshowwilllaterpicksomeofthereadersandinvitethemtoreadonTV．Peopleofallageshaveeandreadinthepavilion，accordingtoPeople'sDaily．"Readingshouldbejustlikesingingandtalking，"saidDongQing，thehostoftheshow．"Wecanactuallyexpressourdeepfeelingsthroughreadingaloud．"BoththeTVshowandthepavilionarepromoting（推進(jìn)）readingamongthepublic．Infact，ourcountryisalsotryingtodothatnow．閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，每空一詞．ATVshow"Readers"islikeabookthatpeopleopenslowly．Ithasrecentlybee（1）popularamongthepeopleo