英語零起點(diǎn)第四冊第三單元文章

AIDS—AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome艾滋病—獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征AIDS以前有人譯為“愛死病”Aids單詞可以解釋為“幫助、援助”紅絲帶RedRibbon世界艾滋病日——12月1日LanguagePointsTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysasmanyas10millionpeopleworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS.世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，世界范圍內(nèi)的艾滋病病毒攜帶者多達(dá)1千萬人。WHO世界衛(wèi)生組織asmanyas多達(dá)HIV艾滋病病毒(HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus)LanguagePointsTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)says/asmanyas10millionpeopleworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS.主語：TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)謂語：says賓語從句:(that)asmanyas10millionpeopleworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDSLanguagePointsTheWorldHealthOrganization(WTO)saysasmanyas10millionpeopleworldwidemayhavethevirusthatcausesAIDS.10million10個百萬=1千萬百/千/百萬/十億hundred/thousand/million/billionLanguagePoints百/千/百萬/十億hundred/thousand/million/billion1千3千onethousandthreethousandhundredsof成百上千的thousandsof成千上萬的millionsof數(shù)百萬的billionsof數(shù)十億的LanguagePointsTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysasmanyas10millionpeopleworldwidemayhavethevirus/thatcausesAIDS.譯文：引起艾滋病的病毒that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾thevirus，thevirus作了定語從句的先行詞。定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。“……的”形容詞修飾名詞；定語從句也修飾名詞，即先行詞。LanguagePointsAIDSisalife-threatening

sicknessthatattacksthebody’snaturaldefensesystemagainstdisease.艾滋病是一種威脅生命的疾病，它侵襲人體的自然免疫系統(tǒng)。life-threatening威脅生命的(復(fù)合形容詞)sickness=disease=illnessn.疾病LanguagePointsAIDSisalife-threateningsickness/thatattacksthebody’snaturaldefensesystemagainstdisease.that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾sickness，sickness是定語從句的先行詞。LanguagePointsItcandestroythebody’sabilitytoprotectitself.它會破壞人體的自然能力。LanguagePointsThepatienthaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseases—includingpneumonia,cancer,blindnessandmentaldisorders.患者幾乎沒有什么能力來抵御包括肺炎、癌癥、失明和精神失常等眾多疾病。patient病人fightoff擊退；抵御mentaldisorder精神失常LanguagePointsAtpresent,thereisnocureforAIDSandnovaccinemedicinetopreventit.目前，艾滋病無法醫(yī)治，也無法預(yù)防疫苗。atpresent=now目前LanguagePointsTheAIDSvirusiscarriedinaperson’sbodyfluids.艾滋病病毒存在于人的體液里。iscarried被動語態(tài)(bedone)LanguagePointsTheviruscanbepassedsexuallyorbysharinginstrumentsusedtotakeintravenousdrugs.這種病毒傳播可以通過性行為或共用靜脈注射器。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+bedonebyprep.通過(bydoing)drug藥；毒品LanguagePointsItcanalsobepassedinbloodproductsorfromapregnantwomanwithAIDStoherdevelopingbaby.它也可以通過血液制品傳播，也可以由一位患艾滋病的孕婦傳染到腹中的嬰兒。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+bedoneLanguagePointsManystoriesaboutthespreadofAIDSarefalse.許多有關(guān)艾滋病如何傳播的報道并不正確。spreadv./n.傳播falseadj.錯誤的LanguagePointsYoucannotgetAIDSbyworkingorattendingschoolwithsomeone/whohasthedisease.與艾滋病患者一起工作或是學(xué)習(xí)不會感染上艾滋病。byprep.通過(bydoing)who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞someoneLanguagePointsYoucannotgetitbytouchingdrinkingglassesorotherobjectsusedbysuchpersons.觸摸他們用過的玻璃杯或其他物品也不會感染上艾滋病。byprep.通過(bydoing)LanguagePointsExpertssaynoonehasgottenAIDSbylivingwith,caringforortouchinganAIDSpatient.專家們說，從未有人因為與艾滋病患者一起生活，照料艾滋病患者或觸摸艾滋病患者而感上艾滋病。byprep.通過(bydoing)carefor照顧LanguagePointsThereareseveralwarningsignsofanAIDSinfection.艾滋病感染時有幾種可引起警惕的癥狀。LanguagePointsTheyincludealwaysfeelingtired,unexplainedweightlossandtheuncontrolledexpulsionofbodywastes.包括長期乏力、原因不明的消瘦以及大小便失禁。feel系動詞+tired形容詞=系表結(jié)構(gòu)LanguagePointsOtherwarningsignsaretheappearanceofwhiteareasonthemouth,darkredareasofskinthatdonotdisappearandahigherbodytemperaturethannormal.其他引起警惕的癥狀還有：嘴上出現(xiàn)白色斑塊，肌膚上出現(xiàn)紫色斑塊且不消退，體溫高于正常人的體溫。LanguagePointsHowever,thatyouhaveoneormoreoftheseconditionsdoesnotmeanyouhaveAIDS.然而，如果你只有上述一種或幾種癥狀，這并不意味著你已經(jīng)得了艾滋病。conditionn.條件，情況LanguagePointsHowever,thatyouhaveoneormoreoftheseconditionsdoesnotmean/youhaveAIDS.主語：thatyouhaveoneormoreoftheseconditions(主語從句)謂語：doesnotmean賓語從句:(that)youhaveAIDSLanguagePointsAlwaysgotoadoctororhealthcentreforacompleteexamination.務(wù)必去醫(yī)生那兒或醫(yī)療中心作一次全面體驗。LanguagePointsThedoctormaygiveyouanAIDSbloodtest.醫(yī)生可能會給你做艾滋病血液檢查。bloodtest血液檢查LanguagePointsDoctorssayitwillbemanyyearsbeforescientistsdevelopeffectivetreatmentsforAIDS.醫(yī)生們說，科學(xué)家還需要許多年的時間才能研究出對付艾滋病的有效治療法。before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句LanguagePointsUntilthen,healthexpertssay,thebestimmediatewaytodealwiththeproblemisthrougheducationandprevention.衛(wèi)生方面的專家認(rèn)為在此之前，教育和預(yù)防是解決這一問題的最佳、最直接的方法。good→better→bestdealwith處理=copewithThekeyknowledge定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞?！啊摹毙稳菰~修飾名詞；定語從句也修飾名詞，即先行詞。WHO世界衛(wèi)生組織asmanyas多達(dá)patient病人fightoff擊退；抵御mentaldisorder精神失常atpresent目前drug藥；毒品spreadv./n.傳播falseadj.錯誤的carefor照顧bloodtest血液檢查dealwith處理=copewithThetextsummaryAIDSstandforAcquir