Unit+3+單詞用法+知識點講解 人教版英語八年級下冊

Unit3WordsandExpressionsrubbishn.（英式）垃圾（不可數(shù)名詞）（美式）垃圾：garbage名詞：可以指普通垃圾，也可比喻沒有價值的東西或事情、瞎話或者廢話。Pleasetakeouttherubbish.請倒一下垃圾。Shewastalkingrubbishinthemeeting.她在會上說的全是廢話。Theshopisfullofuselessrubbish.這個商店賣的全是沒有用的垃圾。形容詞：“不會，沒有能力做某件事情”I’mrubbishatplayingcomputergames.我對電子游戲一竅不通。Mybestfriendisarubbishsinger.我的好朋友根本就不會唱歌。foldv.折疊、對折foldone’sclothes疊某人的衣服sweepv.掃、擦（sweep-swept）sweepthefloor掃地sweepthewindow擦窗戶sweeptheclassroom打掃教室floorn.地板地板：onthefloor在地板上Don’tlieonthefloor.不要躺在地板上。樓層：onthe+序數(shù)詞+floor，表示“在第幾樓”Weareonthesecondfloor.我們在第2樓。Thisbuildingisreallytallandithas30floors.這棟大樓很高，它有30層樓。messn.雜亂、不整潔inamess亂七八糟makeamess弄得一團糟（1）名詞：Oh,yourroomisinamess.你的房間太亂了。Don’tmakeamessinyourroom.不要把你的房間弄得一團糟。（2）vt.使不整潔、弄亂：Don’tmessmyroom.不要把我的房間弄亂。（3）adj.骯臟的、不整潔的：messyHisroomisalwaysmessy.他的房間總是臟亂。throwv.扔、擲（throw-threw）及物動詞：Don’tthrowyourclotheshereandthere.不要把你的衣服到處扔。不及物：Icanthrewthefarthest.我可以扔得最遠。短語：throwdown扔下、隨手丟下（動副結構）throwaway拋棄、丟掉（動副結構）throwat向...扔去（惡意）throwto向...扔去（無惡意）Tomthrewdownhisbagonthefloorandwenttohislivingroom.Ifyoudon’tneedthebottles,youcanthrowthemaway.Don’tthrowawayyouroldbooks.Youcangivethemaway.Tom!Throwtheballtome.湯姆把球扔給我。（無惡意）Tomthrewastoneatmejustnow.湯姆剛才拿石頭向我扔來。（惡意）allthetime頻繁、反復Ican’tbelieveyourwordsbecauseyoutellliesallthetime.Theweatherhereisverycoldallthetime.YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutthehousework.Noonecanhelpyouallthetime.Youshouldbeindependent.neitheradv.也不：neither+be/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語（用于否定句，表示前面否定的也適用于后者。）so+be/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語（用于肯定句，表示前面否定的情況也適用于后者。）MikeisstrongandsoamI.邁克很強壯，我也是。HecanplaytheguitarandsocanI.他會彈吉他，我也會。Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayandneitherdidI.他昨天沒去學校，我也沒去。HeisnotinterestedinEnglishandneitheramI.他對英語不感興趣，我也不敢興趣。pron.兩者都不反義詞：both兩者都neitherof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/代詞復數(shù)（做主語時，謂語單復數(shù)均可）--Whichcolordoyoulike,redorblue?--Neither.Ilikegreen.都不喜歡，我喜歡綠色。Neitherofthemwant（wants）tosweepthefloor.他們倆都不想去掃地。assoonas一...就...（引導時間狀語從句，遵從“主將從現(xiàn)”，“主祈從現(xiàn)”，“主情從現(xiàn)，“主過從過”。）Iwillgooutwithmyfriendsassoonasitstopsraining.（主將從現(xiàn)）Don’tforgettocallmeassoonasyouarriveinBeijing.（主祈從現(xiàn)）Youshouldn’twatchTVassoonasyouarrivehome.（主情從現(xiàn)）Tomtoldmethenewsassoonasheheardthat.（主過從過）passvt.給、遞：passsbsth=passsthtosb.遞給某人某物Pleasepassmethebook.=Pleasepassthebooktome.請把那本書遞給我。注意：當pass后sb和sth都為代詞時，只能用passsthtosb結構。Pleasepassmeit.（錯誤）Pleasepassittome.（正確）vt.走過、通過：Isawhimpasstheclassroom.我看見他走過了教室。Thankstoyourhelp,Ipassedtheexam.多虧你的幫助，我通過了考試。borrowvt.借、借用（借入）borrowsth借某物borrowsthfromsb從...借某物CouldIborrowyourbook?我可以借你的書嗎？Youcanborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.你可以從圖書館借一些書。lendvt.借、借出（借出）lend-lentlendsbsth=lendsthtosb借給某人某物Icanlendyouthebook.=Icanlendthebooktoyou.我可以把這本書借給你。keep也有“借、保存”的意思，可以一段時間連用，keepsthfor+一段時間。串記：Iborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.IlentittoTomtwodaysagoandtoldhimthathecouldkeepitforthreedays.我從圖書館借來這本書。我兩天前把它借給了湯姆，并且告訴他可以借用三天。hatevt.厭惡、討厭（不能用于進行時）；近義詞：dislikehatesb/sth討厭某人/某物hatetodosth/doingsth.討厭做某事Ihateyou/vegetables.我討厭你/蔬菜。Ihatedoingsports.我討厭做運動。choren.雜物、乏味無聊的事dochores做雜務Icanhelptodosomechoresathome.我可以幫忙做些家里的雜事。whileconj.連詞“當...的時候”，引導時間狀語從句。MymomarrivedhomewhileIwasdoingmyhomework.MymomwaswatchingTVwhileIwassweepingthefloor.“然而”，表示轉折：Itakeaftermymomwhilemysisterdoesn’t.stressn.精神壓力、心里負擔（不可數(shù)名詞）understress承受壓力facelotsofstress面對許多壓力Thestudentstodayhavetoomuchstress.現(xiàn)在的學生有太大的壓力。wasten.浪費、垃圾awasteof浪費...Ihatewaste.我討厭浪費。Playingcomputergamesisawasteoftime.打電子游戲是浪費時間。Couldyoupleasetakeoutthewaste？你可以倒一下垃圾嗎？vt.浪費、濫用wastemoney/water/time浪費錢/水/時間wastetime/moneyonsth在某事上浪費金錢/時間wastetime/money(in)doingsth.浪費時間/金錢做某事adj.廢棄的、無用的wastepaper廢紙inorderto目的是、為了（1）表示目的，其后接動詞原形，其否定形式為inordernottodo.Hestudieshardinordertogetgoodgrades.他努力學習是為了得到好成績。inorderthat也表示目的，但其后接從句，相當于sothat.Hestudieshardinorderthathecangetgoodvidevt.提供、供應Ourrestaurantprovidenicemeals.我們餐館提供美味的飯食。providesbwithsth.=providesthforsb.提供某人某物Wecanprovidethepoorwithfood.=Wecanprovidefoodforthepoor.anywayadv.而且、加之：多用于追加評論或追加信息。WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes,andanywayit’sawasteoftime.盡管如此、無論如何：I’mafraidIcan’tcometoyourparty,butthankyouforyourinvitationanyway.dependon（1）依賴、依靠：dependonsb/sth/oneself依靠某人/某物/某人自己Weshouldn’tdependonmobilephonestoomuch.Wecan’tdependonourparentsallthetime.取決于：（主語常為物）Healthdependsongoodlivinghabits.Goodgradesdependsonhardwork.developv.發(fā)展、壯大Doingchoreshelpstodevelopchildren’sindependence.Weshoulddevelopgoodlivinghabits.Oursoccerteamwilldevelopquickly.拓展：developedadj.發(fā)達的developingadj.發(fā)展中的developmentn.發(fā)展、發(fā)育、成長ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadevelopedcountry.Weshouldcareaboutthestudents’development.我們應該關心學生們的成長。WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,moreandmorepeoplelikemakingfriendsonline.隨著網絡的發(fā)展，越來越多人喜歡在網上交友。independencen.獨立（不可數(shù)名詞）反義：dependencen.依賴dependv.依賴dependentadj.依靠的independentadj.獨立的It’simportanttodevelopchildren’sindependence.培養(yǎng)孩子們的獨立性很重要。Tomisoldenoughtobeindependent.湯姆已經足夠大了，可以獨立了。fairness（不可數(shù)