2025屆高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧08觀點態(tài)度推理與確定含解析

典型技巧08觀點看法推理與確定【考情角度】考情分析這類試題常出現(xiàn)在環(huán)境愛護類說明文中，此類文章往往是現(xiàn)象類說明文，這樣的說明文主題句常位于首段首句。在閱讀文章時應先確定說明文的依次和方法，再閱讀題干，結合題干要求在文中找尋答題線索，確定答案?？疾榻嵌瘸？疾橹髦即笠忸}、觀點看法題或寫作意圖題?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·D)主題語境：環(huán)境愛護Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofoureq\a\vs4\al(worn)technologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorkeq\a\vs4\al(tracked)theenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehaseq\a\vs4\al(evolved)sincetheearly1990s.Deviceswereeq\a\vs4\al(grouped)bygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetseq\a\vs4\al(planted)inthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourpereq\a\vs4\al(household)in1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopeq\a\vs4\al(monitors)andboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyeq\a\vs4\al(consumption)andcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethaneq\a\vs4\al(doubling)duringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthoreq\a\vs4\al(thinkofnewdevices)？A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.Whydideq\a\vs4\al(Babbitt'steamconducttheresearch)？A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.答案與解析：1.A2.D3.B4.A1.第一段最終一句提出舊設備比新設備更消耗實力，由此可知正確選項。2.其次段第一句就點出了該團隊的探討目的。3.依據(jù)文章主旨(新設備消耗能源少)，結合尾段最終一句可知正確答案。4.依據(jù)主旨“新電子設備比舊電子設備環(huán)保”，結合最終一段的解決方案，即可得出答案。【技巧釋義】分析措辭確定觀點看法?速讀首段查找主題句，確定說明對象as引導的從句是主題句，說明舊設備要比新設備更消耗能量。(可解第1題)?速讀全文查找說明依次和方法本文以提出現(xiàn)象→分析現(xiàn)象→提出解決方法的依次呈現(xiàn)。①第2段說明探討人員的探討目的和對電子產品的時代分類(可解第2題)②第3段說明探討人員對新舊電子產品耗能和溫室氣體排放的分析(可解第3題)?提出解決方法探討人員對利用新設備耗能的探究結果(可解第4題)?微技能觀點看法題定位相關表感情色調的詞語和句子，推斷作者觀點和看法【詞匯積累】evolvevi.&vt.逐步形成；漸漸演化householdn.家庭consumptionn.消耗；消費outdatedadj.過時的groupvt.將……分類plantvt.穩(wěn)固地放置monitorn.顯示器，監(jiān)測儀trackvt.追蹤；記錄doublevi.加倍【技巧演練】（建議用時：45分鐘）1ModesteTraorehaslivedhiswholelifenearLakeWegnia,intheSahelareaofMali.Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.Butastemperaturesrise,evaporationincreases,makingthebodyofwatershrinks.StudieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturesonEarth’ssurfacetoclimatechange.Thelakeisshrinking,soarethechancesofhischildrenbecomingfishermen.“Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,”the56-year-oldTraoresaid.“Duringtherainyseason,thereisalotofwaterbutassoonasit’sover,thereisnowaterleftinthelake.Wearefishermen.Idon’tthinkourchildrenwillbe,”hesaid.LakeWegniaisintheSahelregionofKoulikoro,around120kilometersnorthofMali’scapital,Bamako.Some12,000people,includingfishermenandfarmers,dependonitforfood,waterandemployment.Butthelakehasshrunkby20percentsince2024.TheUNexpectstemperaturestheretoincrease1.5timeshigherthantheaverageincreaseworldwide.UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.AidgroupisleadingtheEco-LacWegniaproject.Thegroupisworkingtoimprovewatermanagementandfighttheeffectsofglobalwarming.MoussaSavagodoisEco-LacWegnia’slocalrepresentative.Hesaysthatfailingtomakechangesquicklycanmeanthelakewilldisappearcompletelyinlessthan5years.PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.Andtheyarebettercontrollingtheirwaterbybuildingstonebarrierstohelpthesoilkeeptherainthatdoesfall.Theprogressandinternationalofficialsupportarenotenoughforthem,however.Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.1.HowdidTraoreworktosupporthisfamilyinthepast?A.Byfishing. B.Byraisingfarmanimals.C.Bytakingchargeofthelake. D.Byworkingasanenvironmentalist.2.WhateffectwillthecurrenttrendofthelakehaveaccordingtoTraore?A.Alotoffarmlandwillform.B.Therainyseasonwillendearly.C.Manyfishermenwillfleetheirhomes.D.Thelatergenerationwillchangetheircareers.3.WhichstatementdotheUNandAidgroupagreewith?A.Droughtandfloodwilldirectlycauseconflict.B.Reducingpopulationisawaytoprotectthelake.C.Watermanagementmakesnodifferencetothelake.D.Theriseintemperaturewillcausewaterresourceproblems.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thelocalofficials. B.TheAidgroupmembers.C.Thevillagers. D.Therepresentatives.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.C【分析】本文是說明文。馬里不斷縮小的湖泊意味著漁民家庭的末日。隨著氣溫上升和蒸發(fā)的增加，水體萎縮導致湖泊漸漸縮小，漁民的孩子成為漁民的機會也在削減。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.”（湖中的魚為他供應了賺錢養(yǎng)家的途徑。然而，由于他捕不到足夠的魚來養(yǎng)活家人，他現(xiàn)在飼養(yǎng)農場動物。）可知，在過去，Traore靠捕魚養(yǎng)家。故選A。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“‘Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,’he56-year-oldTraoresaid.”（“假如這樣下去，我想我們的孩子可能成為不了我們這樣的漁民了。他們將不得不選擇其他工作，”56歲的特拉奧雷說。）可知，下一代人將會選擇其他的職業(yè)。故選D。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.”（聯(lián)合國官員指出，洪水和嚴峻缺雨會給薩赫勒地區(qū)帶來問題：糧食擔心全、農田爭奪和人口快速增長都可能導致沖突。）可知，可知溫度上升會導致水資源的問題。故選D。4.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)上文“PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.”（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro農村地區(qū)的人們在過去兩年里種植了56000棵樹。）以及下文“Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.”（越來越多的人轉向其他農業(yè)。）可知這里指的是這些村民通過建立石頭屏障來使土壤保持雨水，從而更好地限制水分。所以they指的是村民。故選C。2Boredomissomethingtoexperience.Ifkidsdon'tfigurethisoutearlyon,they'reinforanunpleasantsurprise.School,let'sfaceit,canbedullanditisn'tactuallytheteacher'sjobtoentertainaswellaseducate.-Inamuch-readstory,TheRelentlessnessofModemParenting,ClaireCainMillerreferredtoarecentstudythatfoundregardlessofclass,incomeorrace,parentsbelievedthat"childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked."Parentspreparingforalongcarridearelikearmyofficersplanningacomplexlandmaneuver（(演習)）withthehelpofgamesandmoviesplayedoniPadandsmartphones.Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!Theyletthembreatheingasfumes.Andsinceitwasn'tactuallyforwearing,playwiththebrokensafetybelt.Ifyoucomplainedaboutbeingboredbackthen,youwerereallyaskingforit."Cleanyourroom,"youmightget.Wasthisfun?No.Wasithelpful?Yes.Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.Whilecheckingoutfoodatthesupermarket,Iinventedstoriesaboutpeople'spurchases.Themanbuyingeggplantandasix-packofbeerat9p.m.:Whichwasthemust-getthingandwhichtheimpulsepurchase?Howdidmyformerfifth-gradeteacherfeelaboutmyobservingherweeklypurchaseofcookies?Theabilitytohandleboredom,notsurprisingly,isassociatedwiththeabilitytofocus.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewithattentiondisordersareparticularlypoorinhandlingboredom.It'sespeciallyimportantthatkidsgetboredandbeallowedtostayboredwhentheybeyoung.Itshouldn'tbeconsidered"aproblem"tobeavoidedorremovedbythehigher-ups,butinsteadsomethingkidshandleontheirown.We'vestoppedtrainingchildrentodothis.Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.5.WhatisthefindingofthestudymentionedbyClaireCainMiller?A.Schoolkidsfindithardtostandboredom.B.Peoplearetoobusytodrawwiththeirkids.C.Extracurricularactivitiesaregainingpopularity.D.Parentsaretryingtheirbesttomaketheirkidshavefun.6.Whatdidparentsinthe1970susuallydowhenkidswereboredonalongcarride?A.Theyplayedwiththem.B.Theyleftthemalone.C.Theytoldthemaboutfamousmovies.D.Theyaskedthemtopayattentiontosafety.7.Whydoestheauthorshareherexperienceatthesupermarket?A.Toshowcustomers'purchasinghabits.B.Toshowwhatadifficultlifeshewasliving.C.Toshowboredomandjobsgohandinhand.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenboredomandcreativity.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Kidshaveenoughfun B.LifeisaboringjourneyC.Letkidsgetboredagain D.Turnboredomintoentertainment【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過講解并描述試驗和自身經(jīng)驗說明須要教會孩子們忍受無聊?！驹斀狻?.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked”（放學后感到無聊的孩子應當參與課外活動，而勞碌的家長假如被要求，應當停下手中的工作，和孩子一起畫畫）可知，ClaireCainMiller提及的探討發(fā)覺父母盡他們最大的努力讓他們的孩子有樂趣。故選D。2.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句第三句“Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!”（上世紀70年頭，當孩子們無聊時，父母們會做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世紀70年頭父母在孩子們無聊時不會管他們。故選B。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句其次句“Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.”（因為當你無聊的時候，事情就會發(fā)生。我所做過的一些最無聊的工作卻也是最有創(chuàng)建力的。）可知，作者共享自己在超市的經(jīng)驗的目的是展示無聊和創(chuàng)建力之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段最終兩句“Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.”（老師們花更多的時間獨創(chuàng)方法來“吸引”學生，而不是教他們去理解那些味同嚼蠟的材料。但毫無疑問，教會孩子們忍受無聊會讓他們?yōu)楦F(xiàn)實的將來做好打算。）可知，本文的主要意圖是提倡教會孩子們忍受無聊。所以短文的最佳標題為“許孩子們感到無聊”。故選C。3U.S.cherries,watermelonsandsomeothersummertimefavoritesmaydependonwildbeesmorethanpreviouslythought.ManyfarmsintheUnitedStatesusemanagedhoneybeestopollinate(授粉)cropsandincreasethetotalamountofcrops,sometimestruckingbeehives(蜂箱)fromfarmtofarm.NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.“Tome,thebigsurprisewasthatwefoundsomanywildbeeseveninintenseproductionareaswheremuchoftheproduceintheUSAisgrown,saysRachaelWinfree,apollinationecologistatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.Thatmeansthreatstowildbeescoulddepleteprofitsevenwhenfarmsraisehoneybees,theresearchersreportedonJuly29inProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(殺蟲劑).Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.Ontheotherhand,theresearchersalsocalculatedtowhatextentthenumberofbeevisitslimitedproduction.Theseintensivefarmswithplentyoffertilizer,waterandotherresourcesoftenshowedsignsofreachingapollinatorlimit,meaningfieldsdidn’thaveenoughhoneybeestogetthemaximumproduction,andvolunteerwildbeeswereaddingtothetotal.Thentheteamestimatedwhatpercentageoftheproductionnativebeeswereadding—versusjustdoingwhathoneybeeswouldhavedoneanyway.“Wildbeesdon’tseemtohelpCalifornia’sorchards(果園)，butbasedonorchardsinMichiganandPennsylvania,some$1.06billionofapplesdependsonnativepollinators,”theresearcherssay.Watermelons,particularlyinFlorida,getanestimated$146millionbenefit,andsweetcherries$145million.9.Whyarethewildbeesimportanttothecropsaccordingtothetext?A.Ithelpstopollinateandimprovethecropsoutput.B.Itishelpfultoraisemanagedhoneybees.C.Itishelpfultomaintainhealthyecosystem.D.Ithelpstoprotectnativebeespecies.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A.Pursue. B.Make. C.Keep. D.Reduce.11.Whydidresearcherscheckbeevisitstoflowers?A.Toworkoutthenumberofwildnativebees.B.Tomakeitclearwhyfieldsdon’thaveenoughbees.C.Toshowhowimportantthemanagedbeesaretointensivefarms.D.Tofigureoutwhatwildnativebeesbenefitfarmoutput.12.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Todrawpeople’sattentiontofarmoutput.B.Todiscusswhybeescanincreasetheharvest.C.Toshowwildbeesmaycontributetothecropharvest.D.Tointroducehowhoneybeesandwildbeespollinatecrops.【答案】9.A10.D11.D12.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了探討人員通過探討野蜂對農作物授粉和提高作物產量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對農作物收成有貢獻。9.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項對北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農場。一項新的探討估計，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元。）”可知，野蜂對農作物很重要，因為它有助于授粉和提高作物產量。故選A項。10.詞句揣測題。其次段說一項對北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農場。一項新的探討估計，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元，再依據(jù)畫線詞后的“Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(殺蟲劑).”可知，非美國本土的蜜蜂和大黃蜂等野生授粉者都面臨著包括殺蟲劑在內的危急，由講解并描述非美國本土的蜜蜂和野生傳粉者面臨殺蟲劑在內的危急，這種威逼自然會削減利潤，由此可知畫線詞詞義為為“削減，消耗”。故選D項。11.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中“Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.（為了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有貢獻，探討人員在美國和加拿大部分地區(qū)的131個商業(yè)農場中檢查了蜜蜂到訪花卉的狀況。）”可知，探討人員要檢查蜜蜂到訪花叢的狀況，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂對農場產出有什么好處。故選D項。12.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項對北美7種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農場。一項新的探討估計，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收獲至少增加了15億美元。）可知，文章介紹了探討人員通過探討野蜂對農作物授粉和提高作物產量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對農作物收成有貢獻，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能對農作物收成有貢獻。故選C項。4Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(責任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.Contrarytocommonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.Everytraitisacontinuousdimensionandeveryonecanbedescribedashavingvaryinglevelsofeachtrait.AnewresearchhasalsofoundanimalsfromantstoapesallhavetheBigFiveandthattheuniversalityofpersonalitypointstoanevolutionary(進化)origin.Animalsandhumanshavecommonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.Forexample,conscientiousnessinvolvesbehaviorslikeplanningandconsideration,whichareimportantamonganimalsfortakingcareoftheiryoung,selectingmatesandlivingingroups.Beingneatandorderly—aspectsofconscientiousness-alsohasevolutionarysuperiority.Beesthatliketokeepcleanandremovemoredeadgroupmembersreduceriskofdisease,gainmoreweightandreproducemoreSpidersthatmaketidywebscatchmoreinsects.Birdsthatbuildneaterandsolidernestsattractmoremates.Thesebehaviorsmayseemprimitive,butthey’reneverthelessindicationsofpersonality.Personalityistheexpressionofallofthebehaviorsthathumansandanimalsexhibitthatallowthemtofunctionadaptivelyintheworld.Evolutioncanalsoexplainwhypersonalitiesvarysomuch.Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.13.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?A.Differentpersonalitytypeshaverespectivestrengths.B.Everyonefallsintoaparticularpersonalitytype.C.Peoplewithcommonpersonalitytypesgather,D.Everyonehasmixedpersonalitytypes.14.What’sthepurposeofmentioningsomeanimalsinParagraph2?A.Toillustratetheadvantagesofbeingconscientious.B.Toanalyzesurvivalchancesofcooperativeanimal