中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)八年級有語法賓語從句語法講解與中考真題練習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載初中賓語從句詳解（有中考真題練習(xí)）I賓語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語動詞.介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。賓語的概念：動作的對象或者內(nèi)容Shesaidafewwords.Shesaidthatshewouldnotcometomyparty.（動詞后）Yoursuccesswilldependonyourhardwork.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependonwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.（介詞后）Iamsure(that)friedriceanddumplingswillbepopular.(形容詞)*常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等II賓語從句三大塊:1.引導(dǎo)詞；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時態(tài)。Ⅰ.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that在賓語從句中無意義，不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。這種賓語從句常常是陳述句變化而來的。如：Myteachersaid(that)Iwasagoodboy.什么是陳述句?Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.什么是陳述句?Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.Theteachersays,“Itisagoodbook.”Theteachersaysthatitisagoodbook.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:1.Iknow…1.Thisisabook.2.Shesays…（that）2.Youlikesinging.3.Tellyourfriend…3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.溫馨提示：(了解一下哦)在下列情況下that作為引導(dǎo)詞不可省略。1.賓語從句前有插入語時；Itsays,ontheletter,thathisunclewillcomebackfromAmericanextweek.2.當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個以及其他的that不可以省略；Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.3.當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是that時；Themansaidthatthatwasgoodnews.2.if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if或whether在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起到連接作用，但不能省略。意為“是否”。這種賓語從句常常是一般疑問句變化而來的。如：Iamnotsurewhether/ifthereareUFOs.Sheasked,“Jim,doyoulikeEnglish?”Sheaskedwhether/ifJimlikedEnglish(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?把下列的簡單句變成復(fù)合句。1.Ishereading?(Iwanttoknow)____________________________________________________2.DidyouwatchTVyesterday?(Theteacherasks)____________________________________________________3.IshefromJapan?(Doyouknow)____________________________________________________4.Willhecomebacktomorrow?(I’mnotsure)____________________________________________________注意：只能用whether不用if的三種情況一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：①與ornot連用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②在介詞之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which連接副詞:when,where,why,how考點(diǎn)這種賓語從句常常是特殊疑問句變化而來的。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。如：考點(diǎn)1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?將下列簡單句合成復(fù)合句。Whoishelookingfor?(Doyouknow…?)______________________________________________Whyistheplanelate?(Ididn’tknow…)______________________________________________HowcanIgettothezoo?(Couldyoutellme…?)_________________________________________Whenwillwehaveatest?(Theteacherdidn’ttellus…)_____________________________________Wherewillthemeetingbe?(Iaskedhim…)______________________________________________Whosewatchisthis?(Doesanybodyknow…?)___________________________________________Whataretheydoing?(Hedidn’ttellme…)______________________________________________Whichbookdoyoulikebest?(Couldyoutellme…?)_______________________________________如何考查賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞?如何考查賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞?練一練—Canyoutellme______itisfromhometoschool?—Sure.It’saboutthreekilometers.AhowmuchBhowlongChowfarDhowsoonIcan’tremember_____Iputthebook,andIneeditformyhomeworknow.AwhereBhowCwhatDwhy—Doyouknow_____WorldWaterDayis?—OnMarch22nd.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich—Doyouthink____XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I’venoidea.AthatBwhichCifDwhetherⅡ.賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序——引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語Ihearthatphysicsisn’teasy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Whatdoeshelike?Iwonder__________________________注意事項(xiàng):當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語時，語序不變：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?e.g.:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?練一練Excuseme,Ilostmyway.Willyoupleasetellme______________?AWhereamIBwhereIamCwhereyouareDwhereareyouIreallywanttoknow__________________.AWhatiswrongwithmybrotherBhowwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowCifhadheboughtthatcarDwheredidhegoyesterdayCanyoutellme______inthefuture?AhowlifewillbelikeBhowwilllifebelikeCwhatlifewillbelikeDwhatwilllifebelikeⅢ.賓語從句的時態(tài)1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是任何時態(tài)。

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情況：1.從句說明的是一般真理.客觀事實(shí).自然現(xiàn)象.名言時，任用現(xiàn)在時。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即學(xué)即練]Hesaidthatlight_____muchfasterthansound.AhastraveledBwenttravelsCtravelsDtraveled—Doyouknow_______atthistimeyesterday?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.AwhatsheisdoingBwhatwasshedoingCwhatshewasdoingDwhatisshedoing—Couldyoutellme______ZhangDaqianMuseum?—Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.AwhenwillyouvisitBwhenyouwillvisitCwhenyouwouldvisitDwhenwouldyouvisitThismorningmymotheraskedme_______________.AwhyheisnothereBwhereJuliawentlastweekendCwhattimeisDhowdidmybrotherdoitIII賓語從句的解題技巧根據(jù)語序.時態(tài).句意進(jìn)行排除1）Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.when B.if C.whether D./答案：Dhope后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.why B.when C.how D.where答案：A從下文的答語看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來看我們的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whether B.why C.what D.how答案：A本句表達(dá)一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________？I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.Lilived答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除A.B兩項(xiàng)。從句意判斷問的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer？—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.／；bought B.has；boughtC.did；buy D.does；buy答案：Adoyouthink是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)和陳述語序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.that B.whether C.why D.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidfor D.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除A.B兩項(xiàng)，由lastweek判斷應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestarted B.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstart D.whenwillwestart答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來時態(tài)表示。IV賓語從句易錯題If是否引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果“主將從現(xiàn)”Idon’tknowifhe_____(come)tomorrow,ifhe______(come),Iwillcallyou.練一練Doyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.Ahecomes,willcomeBwillhecome,comesChewillcome,comesDwillhecome,willcomeNobodyknowswhen______tovisitourschool.Whenhecomes,he______thetruth.Ahecomes,willknowsBhewillcome,willknowChecomes,knowsDhewillcome,knowsIdon’tknowifshe______tomybirthdaypartytomorrow.Ifshe______,I’llbeveryhappy.Acomes,comesBwillcome,comesCcomes,willcomeDwillcome,willcome***根據(jù)語法的慣例,think,suppose,believe,imagine,guess等后的賓語從句如果是否定句,要把否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的think等動詞上,這叫做“否定前移”或“否定前置”.

如：Ithinkyoucannotgotherebybus.(誤)

Idon’tthinkyoucangotherebybus.（正）

我認(rèn)為你不能乘坐公共汽車去那兒.經(jīng)典例題例1Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.that B.how C.what D.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字《誰動了我的奶酪》，本句含義是“一個讀者問書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名WhoMovedMyCheese它本身含有一個who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個獨(dú)立的完整的東西。例2Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathow B.howthat C.whenthat D.thatwhen思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾·蓋茨十三歲的時候開始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用when表示“當(dāng)……時”，本句中的that是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時間狀語的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說不通時，從另一個角度或另一個含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals思路解析：本句含義是“我想知道他們叫這些動物什么”，排除B.D兩項(xiàng)。另外賓語從句要用陳述語序。所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句容易譯成“他們怎樣稱呼這些動物”而錯選how，注意本句中隱含句型callsb.sth.含義是“稱呼某人……”。綠色通道：解答本類題首先分析句意，確定引導(dǎo)詞，然后看好語序和時態(tài)。例4(2010北京中考)I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing，________sheisinterestedinreading.A.so B.or C.but D.and思路解析：本句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇C項(xiàng)。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于選項(xiàng)前后都是肯定句形式，不細(xì)讀題而誤選D項(xiàng)。綠色通道：并列句主要是根據(jù)句意來判斷前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系，所以一定要把題讀完再作判斷。例5(2010重慶中考)Workhard，________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.or B.but C.and D.yet思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意為“努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會很快趕上其他同學(xué)的”，and在句中表示承接關(guān)系，所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C黑色陷阱：本題的陷阱是句型，本句型區(qū)別于“祈使句＋or”，這個句型的含義是“……，不然的話/否則……”。綠色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作決定賓語從句練習(xí)1.Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_______?A．MumisneededB．doesMumneedC．MumneedsD．didMumneed2.Canyoutellme_______?A．whereheisB．whereisheC．heiswhereD．whatishe3.Ididn'tknowhow_______toLondon?A．wouldtheygoB．a(chǎn)retheygoingC．theywouldgoD．theyaregoing4.Iwanttoknowhowlong_______．A．hashebeenbackB．hashecomebackC．hehasbeenbackD．hehascomeback5.Doyouknow_______?A．whatthenewsareB．whatisthenewsC．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews6.Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathifhe_______free.A．wasB．willbeC．wouldbeD．is7.Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe_______toShanghai．A．getsB．isgettingC．willgetD．shallget8.Father_______musicwhenhe_______youngA．liked…wasB．liked…isC．likes…wasD．likes…is9.Ilikedsports_______Iwasyoung．A．somuchasB．somuchthatC．verymuchwhenD．verymuchbecause10._______mothergothome，Iwastidyingmyroom．A．AfterB．WhenC．AssoonasD．Before11.Theteacherdidn'tbeginherclass_______thestudentsstoppedtalking．A．untilB．becauseC．a(chǎn)fterD．when12.Ifit_______tomorrow，we'llgototheGreatwall．A．doesn'trainB．won'trainC．notrainsD．isn'train13.Couldyoutellme_______wegettotheplane?A．howB．whetherC．whereD．what14.Whentheygottothecinema，thefilm_______forthetenminutes．A．hadbeenonB．hasbegunC．beganD．hadbegun15.Theteachersays_______shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster'sdesk．A．ifB．whoC．thatD．what16.Lucylooksstronger_______Lily．A．thanB．a(chǎn)sC．thenD．notas17.Iknownothingaboutit_______hetoldme．A．becauseB．sinceC．untilD．a(chǎn)fter18.Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafe_______youmovein．A．becauseB．whenC．beforeD．until19.Iwas_______tired_______Icouldn'twalkon．A．so…thatB．too…toC．very…thatD．very…to20.Ithoughthe_______toseehismotherifhetime．A．willgo…h(huán)asB．willgo…willhaveC．wouldgo…wouldhaveD．wouldgo…h(huán)ad二.用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1.Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_______（notfinish）readingit．2.Assoonashesawme，he_______tospeaktome．（stop）3.Ihopehe_______（come）backinaweek．4.It_______（rain）hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning．5.Theoldmantoldthechildren_______（notwalk）inthericefields．6.Hetoldmehe_______（help）herwithhermathsthenextevening．7.Shesaidthey_______（know）eachotherforquitesometime．8.Ifit_______（notrain）tomorrow，we_______（visit）thePople'sMuseum．9.John_______（write）somethingwhenI_______（go）toseehim．10.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_______（travel）muchfasterthansound．11.WhenIgottothecinema，thefilm_______（begin）12.Mikeaskedmeifwe_______（ask）anyquestionsthenextclass．13.Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyou_______（finish）doingyourhomework?14.ComradeWangdidn'tknowifthere_______（be）onEnglisheveningthatday．15.Pleasetellmeifshe_______（come）againnexttime．三、請連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.