統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語一輪復習課時提能練21必修5Unit1Greatscientists含解析新人教版

PAGE課時提能練(二十一)必修5Unit1GreatscientistsA：學問層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空A(考查派生詞)An1．a(chǎn)nnouncement(announce)wasmadeyesterday,sayingthatMr.Watsonwasawardedaprizeforhis2．contribution(contribute)toenvironmentalprotection.Howtostoptheairbeingpollutedisa3．challenging(challenge)taskfacingsocietytoday.Mr.Watsonbegantoworkonair4．pollution(pollute)problemsatage24andhasbeenshowinggreat5．enthusiasm(enthusiastic)forhiswork.Hethinksgovernmentsshouldtake6．responsibility(responsible)fortheworseningairquality.Heoftengivesspecificinstructionsinthe7．construction(construct)ofpowerstations,warningthatpeopleshouldbe8．cautious(caution)inproducingelectricityfromcoal.B(考查動詞)Thetennismatch9．concluded(conclude)afterthreedays'fiercecompetition.Andyrankedfirstby10．defeating(defeat)alltheotherplayers.11．Beingexposed(expose)tothestrongsunlightforovertwohourseverydaymadehimveryexhausted,buthefelthappy.Whenhe12．wasannounced(announce)towinthetitle,heburstintotears.Hiswifeandsonwereinvited13．toattend(attend)theawardingceremony.TheywereproudofAndy,sayingthatallhisefforts14．hadcontributed(contribute)tohissuccess.Sofar,thismatch15．hasabsorbed(absorb)muchattentionfromAsia,AmericaandEurope.C(考查句型)Mrs.Browndidn'tknowwho16．toblame(blame)forthestolenantiquevase.Shelivedinabighousewithastrongfence17．surrounding(surround)it.Everytimeshelefthomeshewouldhaveallthewindowsanddoors18．locked(lock).Therobbermust19．havebeen(be)verysmartandintelligent,forneitherthealarm20．norherdogmadeasoundwhenheslippedin.Only21．ifthepolicearrestedtherobberdidsheknowifshecouldgetbacktheexpensivevase.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯(短文中有5處錯誤)Mr.Blackwasmurderedwhenhelaysleptonthesofainhisliving-room.Hecouldhavefeltsomeoneenteringtheroom,buthewasverytiredthathefellfastasleep.Thepolicearebusylookingatthecase.Theyhavemadeajudgmentonbasisofthefootprintsleftonthefloor:themurdererisastrongmanofabout8feettall.ThereisasmallrivernofarawayfromMr.Black'shouse.Policesuspectthatthemangotawayinthedarknessbysailingaboatupstream.【答案】Mr.Blackwasmurderedwhenhelayeq\f(slept,sleeping)onthesofainhisliving-room.Hecouldhavefeltsomeoneenteringtheroom,buthewaseq\f(very,so)tiredthathefellfastasleep.Thepolicearebusylookingeq\f(at,into)thecase.Theyhavemadeajudgmentoneq\o(\s\up7(∧),the)basisofthefootprintsleftonthefloor:themurdererisastrongmanofabout8feettall.Thereisasmallrivereq\f(no,not)farawayfromMr.Black'shouse.Policesuspectthatthemangotawayinthedarknessbysailingaboatupstream.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示補全句子1．我既沒有去看那場足球賽，也不關(guān)切它的結(jié)果。NeitherdidIgotowatchthefootballmatchnordidIcareitsresult.2．在你回來之前，我已經(jīng)把全部的錯誤都改正過了。(havesth.done)Beforeyoucameback，Ihadhadallmymistakescorrected．3．高校期間，除了英語外，他還要學一門外語。ApartfromEnglish，hehadtostudyanotherforeignlanguagewhileincollege.4．媽媽站在身后，小女孩感到很平安。Thelittlegirlfeltverysafewithhermotherstandingbehindher．5．無論怎么讀，我都不理解這個句子。NomatterhowIreadit，thissentencedoesn'tmakeanysensetome．B：實力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·開封市一模)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop，notinalaboruniversity，yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies，onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience，butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott，anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學家)andco-founderofZooniverse，aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield，fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved，therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages，graphs，orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans，particularlyamateurscientists，don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff，directoroftheProgramonScience，TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint，Michigan，whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized，regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels，scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself，Lintottsays，“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”【語篇解讀】數(shù)個世紀以來，只有少數(shù)一般人為科學作出了貢獻。但科技的進步已經(jīng)為科學帶來了更高水平的民主化，科學是任何人都能參加的，每個人都有可能成為科學家。1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進步為科學帶來了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的一般人也能參加科學探討，促成了公民科學家的出現(xiàn)，故選B。]2．Whatisaadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式識別方面，人類與機器相比，人類的優(yōu)勢在于其能夠留意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項正確。]3．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.A[觀點看法題。依據(jù)第三段Lintott表述的科學人人都能參加，第四段他表述的公民科學家有自身的優(yōu)勢和尾段中他說的話“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”可推知，Lintott支持公民科學，故選A。]4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereC[標題歸納題。文章第一段以表述澳大利亞汽車修理工AndrewGrey成為公民科學家來引入話題，接著又講到天體物理學家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff對于公民科學家的看法，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)其次段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要確定了公民科學家，表達了任何人都可能成為科學家的觀點，故C項最適合作文章標題。]B(2024·廣東省七校聯(lián)合體其次次聯(lián)考)Weliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，data-drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgementsinavarietyofsituations.Peopleformlastingimpressionsofotherswithinasecondandconsumersmakeshoppingdecisionsbasedonlittleconsideration.Inarecentstudy，weaskedparticipantstoimaginehavingpleasantorunpleasanttalkswithanotherperson.Forcomparison，weaskedanothergroupofparticipantstoconsiderhowmanyofthosetalkstheywouldneedtodeterminesomeone'scharacter.Wefoundthatpeoplebelievedtheywouldneedmanytalkstomakethisjudgement，whileinfactthefirstgroupneededfew.Inanotherstudy，weaskedsomestudentstowriteapplicationsforsomepositions，andthenaskedactualHRpeopletoreadtheirmaterial.Thestudentswrotemuchmorematerialthantherecruiterscaredtoread.Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplemighthavethewrongimpressionaboutmakingjudgements.Onepossibilityisthebeliefthatthehumanmindprocessesinformationincrementally(遞增地)，consideringthatnewinformationisaddedtooldinformationuntilsomementallevelisreachedformakingadecision.Inreality，however，thefirstfewpiecesofinformationweigh(有影響)muchmoreheavilythanthelaterinformation.Sometimesquickdecisionsareaccurateandcansavetime.However，theymaysometimesleadtomisunderstandings.Imagineasituationinwhichamanagerwithlimitedinformationformsanopinionofanemployeeheisunsureabout.Amanagerwhoseesanemployeemakeasmallmisstep(錯誤)inanunimportantprojectmayavoidofferinghimchallengingprojectsinthefuture，whichinturnwouldaffectthisemployee'scareerdevelopment.Moderntechnologyallowsanydecisionmadetodaytobemoreinformedthanthesamedecisionmadeafewdecadesago.Butthehumanrelianceonquickjudgementsmayavoidthispromise.Intheexplorationformoreinformeddecision-making，researcherswillneedtoexplorewaystoencouragepeopletoslowdownthejudgement.【語篇解讀】我們生活在信息時代，我們駕馭的信息使我們作出有依據(jù)的、數(shù)據(jù)導向的確定。但有時我們并不依據(jù)這些信息作確定，這樣作出的確定有時可能會導致不好的結(jié)果。5．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snap”inParagraph1?A．Slow. B．Negative.C．Quick. D．Satisfying.C[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句中的“withinasecond”和“basedonlittleconsideration”可知，“snapjudgments”指的是倉促的推斷，由此可知，畫線詞的含義與quick的含義相近。故選C。]6．ThestudiesinParagraph2suggestthatwhenpeoplemakejudgements，they________．A．a(chǎn)reeasilyinfluencedbytheircurrentmoodsB．prefertocommunicatewithpeopletheytrustC．tendtolearnfromtheirpreviousexperiencesD．a(chǎn)ctuallyuselessinformationthanexpectedD[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第三句可知，最近的這項探討發(fā)覺，人們認為他們須要許多次談話才能作出這樣的推斷，而事實上第一組參加者只須要很少的談話；依據(jù)其次段最終一句可知，另一項探討表明學生們寫的申請材料比聘請人員盡力看的多得多。由此可知，這兩個探討表明當人們作推斷的時候，他們事實上運用的信息比所期望的要少。故選D。]7．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Goodthinkinghabitshelpimprovementalhealth.B．Earlyinformationcontributesmoretodecision-making.C．Newinformationismoreimportantforknowledgedevelopment.D．Oldandnewinformationwillcombinetocreatecarefuljudgements.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句可知，事實上，前幾條信息比后來的信息的影響要大得多。由此可知，在作推斷的時候，早期信息的影響力度更大。故選B。]8．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4show?A．Decisionsbasedonlessinformationcanleadtoharmfulresults.B．Wecanmakeprogressbychallengingourselves.C．Excellentemployeesaregoodatanalyzinginformation.D．Goodcommunicationskillsarenecessaryforanablemanager.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一、二句可知，快速作出的確定有時可能會導致誤會；由下文緊接著舉例來說明這一狀況可推知，這個例子表明，基于較少信息作出的確定可能導致有害的結(jié)果。故選A。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·開封市一模)OnaMondaymorning，backin2015，Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinicinBroadwater，WesternAustralia.Ifelt1andIcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor.Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell.Iwas2．Ihadtriedtopickmyselfup，triedtothrowmyselfintomyworkasaneducatorinbefore-andafter-schoolcare，andalsotriedtofocusonmyart.3theseefforts，mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway.Itkept4likeacancerinmyinnerworld.Iwantedanormal5．Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson，Kai，whowas6me.Itookafewdeepbreathsandwentintotheclinicformy7.AfterIreturnedtomycar，Ishutthedoorandstarted8uncontrollably.MydoctorsaidIhadseveredepression.Ineededtotakeantidepressants(抗抑郁藥)．Ihadtomakesomebig9togetbetter.Stillsobbing，Iwas10tohearaknockonmycardoor.Aslimladywithshortfairhair11openeditandbegantospeakcalmlyandkindlytome.“Idon'tknowwhatyou're12rightnow.Butknowthis，Iwishyouwell.Ibelieveyouwillbe13andwhatyouaregoingthroughwillpass，”shesaid.“CanIgiveyouahug？”ThereIwas，aweepingmess,14acceptingthiskindstranger'scomfortinghug.AllI15toreplyinachoked(哽咽的)voicewas“Thankyou”．Thiswasthemostsignificantactof16thatI'veeverexperiencedfromastranger.Itgavemehope.My17startedrightthere.Aboutayearlater，Ibumpedintothesamekind18attheopeningofanartexhibition.She19meandsmiled.ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell.We20again，andoncemoreIcouldexpressmyappreciationforheract.【語篇解讀】作者遭受家庭變故后變得異樣郁悶，去診所看醫(yī)生時，被醫(yī)生診斷為嚴峻抑郁。作者從診所出來后坐在車里哭泣，一位生疏的女士勸慰了作者并給了作者一個擁抱，作者從那時起先好轉(zhuǎn)。一年后，作者再次偶遇那位女士，那位女士也認出了作者并對作者微笑。作者再次和那位女士擁抱并表達了自己的感謝之情。1．A.confident B．proudC．nervous D．patientC[依據(jù)空后的“IcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor”可推知，作者在面對醫(yī)生之前很驚慌。]2．A.ashamed B．a(chǎn)stonishedC．depressed D．confusedC[依據(jù)上文中的“Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell”可知，作者在這種狀況下應是很懊喪，與下文“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”呼應。]3．A.Without B．DespiteC．Beyond D．ThroughB[依據(jù)空后的“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”可知，盡管作出了這些努力，但作者的抑郁并沒有消逝。]4．A.growing B．survivingC．moving D．wanderingA[依據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ikeacancer”，并結(jié)合下文作者失控大哭可知，此處表示抑郁像癌癥一樣在作者內(nèi)心接著增長。]5．A.excuse B．lifeC．job D．rewardB[依據(jù)空后的“Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson...”和語境可知，作者想要一種正常的生活。]6．A.lookingfor B．waitingforC．walkingaround D．dependingonD[依據(jù)上文中的“thelossofacompletefamily”可推知，作者的兒子是依靠作者生活的。]7．A.school B．neighborhoodC．house D．a(chǎn)ppointmentD[依據(jù)上文的“Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinic”和語境可知，