北京市豐臺區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期11月期中考試英語試題 含解析

豐臺區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)高二英語考試時間：90分鐘筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,IchattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis____1____andhowmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenifhebroketheschoolrecord.Not____2____ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgopurchasethepaint.Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe____3____untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorranintotheclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface.“Ididit!Ibroketherecord!”heshoutedasIwasstillgatheringinformationto____4____whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps____5____him.Thenextday,itwasdone!G-A-L-E.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icouldseehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe____6____tobreaktherecord.Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewalland____7____howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous____8____,Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave____9____whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe____10____higher.1.A.health B.performance C.talent D.knowledge2.A.proud B.afraid C.certain D.fond3.A.promise B.record C.suggestion D.news4.A.describe B.recall C.explain D.picture5.A.encouraging B.admiring C.congratulating D.greeting6.A.excitement B.confidence C.creativity D.motivation7.A.inquired B.expected C.insisted D.doubted8.A.effort B.experience C.stress D.response9.A.adjusted B.achieved C.examined D.displayed10.A.pace B.stage C.bar D.tone【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.D9.B10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。作者在一所高中教健身概念，一次在與一名高級跳高運動員DavidGale的交談中，作者承諾他如果他打破學(xué)校記錄，作者會將他的名字寫在墻上，隨后DavidGale打破了記錄，作者也信守承諾將他的名字寫在墻上。隨后更多學(xué)生以將自己的名字寫在墻上為動力取得了很多成就。1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一節(jié)課結(jié)束時，我與一位高級跳高運動員大衛(wèi)·蓋爾（DavidGale）聊了聊如何提高他的表現(xiàn)并且聊了動機如何在一個人的成就中發(fā)揮重要作用。A.health健康；B.performance表演；表現(xiàn)；C.talent天賦；D.knowledge知識。由上文“Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.”可知，作者在一所高中教健身概念，應(yīng)該是和這位高級跳高運動員討論如何提高他的表現(xiàn)。故選B。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不確定他的熱情和決心，停頓了一會兒，但隨后答應(yīng)我會把他的名字寫在我們教室的墻上。A.proud驕傲的；B.afraid害怕的；C.certain確定的；D.fond喜歡的。由下文“Ipausedforamoment,”可知，作者停頓了一會是因為不確定這名學(xué)生想打破學(xué)校記錄的這種熱情和決心有多大，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于這個承諾，沒有再多說什么，直到兩周后，這位年輕的戰(zhàn)士臉上帶著燦爛的笑容跑進了教室。A.promise承諾；B.record記錄；C.suggestion建議；D.news新聞。上文“Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom”提到作者答應(yīng)將DavidGale的名字寫在墻上，由此可知，此處指關(guān)于這個承諾，沒有再多說什么，promise是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A。【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我做到了！我打破了紀錄！”當我仍在收集信息以回憶我對他的承諾時，他喊道。A.describe描寫；B.recall回想；C.explain解釋；D.picture設(shè)想。第二段中“Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.”提到之前作者答應(yīng)這名學(xué)生如果他打破了學(xué)校記錄作者會把他的名字寫在墻上，所以當他說自己打破記錄時，作者在回想自己對他說過的這一承諾，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我和他一起擊掌慶祝。A.encouraging鼓勵；B.admiring欽佩；C.congratulating祝賀；D.greeting打招呼。由上文““Ididit!Ibroketherecord!””和“Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps”可知，當DavidGale說自己打破學(xué)校記錄時，作者和他擊掌祝賀他打破記錄，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，他的教練說，這面墻是打破紀錄的動力之一。A.excitement興奮；B.confidence自信；C.creativity創(chuàng)造力；D.motivation動機。由第一段提到的“howmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement”和下文“Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave_________whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.”可知，這面墻給了很多人鼓勵，是他們?nèi)〉贸晒Φ膭恿?，由此可知，此處指這面墻是DavidGale打破學(xué)校記錄的動力之一，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多學(xué)生，甚至是其他班級的學(xué)生，看到墻上的名字，詢問如何也可以考慮將他們列入墻上。A.inquired詢問；B.expected期待；C.insisted堅持；D.doubted懷疑。由上文“Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewall”可知，其他班級的學(xué)生看到墻上的姓名后，詢問該如何能將自己的名詞也寫在墻上，故選A。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于反響巨大，我不得不在墻上添加更多的名字，在接下來的十年里，墻上出現(xiàn)了100多個名字。A.fort堡壘；B.experience經(jīng)驗；C.stress壓力；D.response回復(fù)；反響。由下文“Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.”可知，墻上有了更多名字，這說明更多人愿意將自己的名字寫在墻上，即這件事反響很大，故選D。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人承認，如果沒有這面墻作為獎勵，他們就不會取得今天的成就。A.adjusted調(diào)整；B.achieved實現(xiàn)；C.examined檢查；D.displayed展示。由下文“whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward”和上文提到的DavidGale了打破學(xué)校記錄后作者將他的名字寫在墻上，由此可知，取得成就的人可以將名字寫在墻上，故此處指沒有這面墻作為獎勵，那些名字寫在墻上的人就不會取得今天的成就，故選B。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：更重要的是，所有走出舒適區(qū)的人都提高了標準。A.pace步伐；B.stage舞臺；C.bar酒吧，障礙，限制；D.tone語氣。由上文“Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe”以及上文提到的許多人以這面墻作為獎勵，取得了很多成就可知，這些取得成就的人走出舒適區(qū)，設(shè)立了更高的標準，取得了成就，setthebar固定搭配，意為“設(shè)定標準或期望”，故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A語法填空WhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,they____11____(throw)aniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglishtoorganizesuchaneventaltogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Aftertheboxwasopened,I____12____(gentle)liftedabeautifulcoatfromit.“Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!”theyallshouted____13____wonderfullyperfectEnglish.【答案】11.threw12.gently13.in【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者教學(xué)生英語。學(xué)生組織了一次活動并送給了作者禮物?！?1題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在最后一天，他們舉辦了一個不錯的聚會。此處為謂語動詞的填入，結(jié)合上文時態(tài)以及該句中的時間狀語Onthelastday可知，此處為陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，為一般過去時。故填threw?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：盒子打開后，我輕輕地從里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。由副詞修飾動詞可知，此處為副詞gently作狀語修飾動詞lifted，滿足句意要求。故填gently。【13題詳解】考查介詞。句意：“我們?nèi)ベI一件新外套！”他們用非常完美的英語喊道。此處為固定短語inEnglish“用英語說”，所以為介詞in的填入。故填in。B語法填空InearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,____14____(swim)offthecoastofSardinia,noticedpiecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmoredivers____15____(send)tolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylayburiedinsandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,____16____arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistorical____17____(discover).【答案】14.swimming15.weresent16.which17.discovery【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了一名潛水員在撒丁島海岸附近游泳時發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)量巨大的古代硬幣?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：2023年11月初，一名潛水員在撒丁島海岸附近游泳時，注意到海底有金屬碎片。句子謂語為noticed，所以此處為非謂語動詞。動詞swim和其邏輯主語adiver之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填swimming?！?5題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他打電話給當局，更多的潛水員被派去查看。此處為并列句的謂語動詞。根據(jù)前文called可知，此處用一般過去時。主語divers是復(fù)數(shù)，與謂語動詞send之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填weresent。【16題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：據(jù)說已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了3萬多枚硬幣，都有近2000年的歷史?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞coins，指物，并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填which?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：專家稱這是一個重大的歷史發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)空格前的不定冠詞a可知，此處用可數(shù)名詞discovery的單數(shù)形式。故填discovery。C語法填空ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools____18____(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout____19____it’stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasacheatingtool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit’stoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.AgrowingnumberofeducatorssaythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepanic____20____(cause)bytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”【答案】18.havebanned19.how20.caused【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。本文主要討論了ChatGPT在學(xué)校是使用情況。一些學(xué)校禁止使用ChatGPT，但許多教育工作者認為人工智能在教育中是很重要的?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：一些學(xué)校自其誕生以來就禁止它。根據(jù)句中的“sinceitsbirth”可知，謂語動詞ban使用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語“someschools”為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填havebanned?！?9題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：他們需要時間來制定規(guī)則，規(guī)定如何在課堂上正確使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少“如何”這一含義，因此使用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故填how?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：越來越多的教育工作者表示，對人工智能的恐慌很像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)剛出現(xiàn)時引起的恐慌。此處為非謂語動詞，動詞cause與其邏輯主語panic之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。故填caused。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADearColleague,IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewofourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade11orGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall2024.SummerPreviewisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerTerm’sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.Warmly,AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummerTerm21.AGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose________.A.HighSchoolHonors B.AcademicImmersion C.SummerChallenge D.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan________.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.What’sAmandaNelson’spurposeinwritingtheletter?A.Toevaluateasummercamp. B.Topromotepre-collegeprograms.C.Torecommenduniversitycourses. D.Tointroducecollegelearningprojects.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一封AmandaNelson寫給同學(xué)的信，信中介紹了BAC大學(xué)夏季學(xué)期為高中生開設(shè)的四個的項目的情況?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.(高中榮譽課程是一個為期六周的住宿或在線課程，學(xué)生參加BAC大學(xué)的本科課程，并獲得多達8個可轉(zhuǎn)換的大學(xué)學(xué)分)”可知，2024年秋季，喜歡在線課程的11年級學(xué)生可以選擇高中榮譽課程。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.(今年夏天，我們提供三個AIM課程：實驗心理學(xué)導(dǎo)論，醫(yī)學(xué)導(dǎo)論和創(chuàng)意寫作。所有三個軌道結(jié)合課堂工作與實踐體驗式學(xué)習(xí)活動)”可知，學(xué)生可以在AIM中獲得知識和實踐經(jīng)驗。故選B。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.(我寫信給你的是關(guān)于BAC大學(xué)夏季學(xué)期為高中生開設(shè)的四個令人興奮的項目的信息。這些項目提供了在世界知名大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機會，加強英語技能，并在波士頓享受夏天)”根據(jù)第二段“HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.(高中榮譽課程是一個為期六周的住宿或在線課程，學(xué)生參加BAC大學(xué)的本科課程，并獲得多達8個可轉(zhuǎn)換的大學(xué)學(xué)分)”結(jié)合文章是一封AmandaNelson寫給同學(xué)的信，信中介紹了BAC大學(xué)夏季學(xué)期為高中生開設(shè)的四個的項目的情況?？赏浦⒙_·納爾遜寫這封信的目的是推廣大學(xué)預(yù)科課程。故選B。BMarkBrown,57,hadbeenmakingfilmsfor30years,buthefoundhimselffeelingtiredofit.“Ithought,thingscanonlygodownhill.”Brownknewheneededtodosomethingelse—butwhat?Afewyearsearlier,hehadboughthischildhoodhouseandmovedin.WhileBrownwonderedaboutasecondcareeringardening,heheardadifferentinternalvoice.“Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”hesaid.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.Therewasagreatoaktreenearhishome.Ithadstoodouttohisyoungselfasa“fantasticalgiant—atreasurehometobirds,insectsandanimals.Therewasacaveinside.Weusedtosqueezeinthroughthishole.”Hedecidedtolockhimselfawayfortwomonthstodrawitinallitsgloriousdetail.“WhileIwasdrawing,”hesaid,“therecamemomentswhenitwasasthoughthetreewasdrawingitself.Ihadspentsomuchtimeplayinginit.Icouldfeelit.Itwasdeepinsideme.”Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,itjustgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.Overthenextfewyears,hetravelledacrossBritainandspentdayswiththetreesselectedwiththehelpoftheAncientTreeForum,theTreeCouncilandtheWoodlandTrust.Brownhasstartedworkona20-drawingseriesofBritain’smostimportantashtrees.“Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyare350yearsoldandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”Drawingisnotonlyanactofcareandademandforpreservation,butit“givesmethatinterfacebetweenmypassionforthenaturalworldandmycreativity,”Brownsays.Ithasalsogivenhimadifferentperspectiveonthepassageoftime.“I’manoldmanyetI’monly71,andsomeofthetreesI’vedrawnare1,000yearsold.WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.”24.Attheageof57,Brown______.A.movedintohisoldhouse B.awakenedachildhoodinterestC.reachedthepeakofhislife D.developedapassionforgardening25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoaktreeandBrown?A.Ithelpedhimstartanewcareer. B.Itlinkedhimwiththeworld.C.Hebuiltatreehouseinit. D.Hestudiedcreaturesinit.26.WhatisBrownworkingon?A.Settinguptreeorganizations. B.Lookingforcuresfortreediseases.C.Drawingtocallforprotectionfortrees. D.TravellingtoselectimportanttreesinBritain.27.WhenBrowniswithtrees,hefeelsthat______.A.timeisendless B.humanlifeistemporaryC.natureisdynamic D.life-longlearningiscrucial【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了57歲的馬克·布朗喚醒了兒時的興趣，成為了一名樹木肖像畫家?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”hesaid.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.(“那個喜歡畫畫的孩子多年來一直對我耳語，”他說。他心中某種未被承認的渴望被激發(fā)出來了)”可知，57歲時，布朗喚醒了兒時的興趣。故選B。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,itjustgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.(他說，他的成品橡木擁有“真正的力量”。“當你走向它的時候，它就會越來越大。”布朗成為了一名樹木肖像畫家)”可知，橡樹讓布朗開始了新的職業(yè)生涯。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyare350yearsoldandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”(“這些美麗的老白蠟樹對我們來說將會失去，”他說?！八鼈円呀?jīng)350歲了，由于我們傳播的疾病，它們正在死去?！?”可知，布朗呼吁保護樹木。故選C?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.(當我和他們在一起，當我畫他們的時候，我想到了我生命的終結(jié)，以及人類生命的短暫本質(zhì)，在他們下面轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝)”可知，當布朗和樹在一起時，他覺得人的生命是短暫的。故選B。CWhenwe’resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.We’relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyaspossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemisn’tmeetingsthemselves—it’showwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.You’veprobablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat(“Idon’twanttolookstupid.”),noise(“Wecan’talltalkatonce.”),andconformitypressure(“Let’salljumpontheboss’sship!”).Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.Youstartbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity.Butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28.BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto______.A.assesshumanspotential B.simplifyproblemsquicklyC.acceptpossiblegoodideas D.getthemostoutofindividuals29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)opsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Informal. B.Unbalanced. C.Improper. D.Unpleasant.30.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto______.A.challengeaconclusion B.makeacomparisonC.advocateapractice D.introducearesearch【答案】28.D29.B30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了頭腦風暴會議不能最大限度地發(fā)揮個人的潛能，建議通過“頭腦寫作”來挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力，并說明了這一方法有效的原因。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”(大量證據(jù)表明，當我們一起產(chǎn)生想法時，我們不太可能最大化集體智慧。正如幽默作家約翰·史密斯所說：“如果你必須用一個詞來說明人類沒有、也永遠不會實現(xiàn)其全部潛力的原因，這個詞就是：‘會議’?！?”可知，約翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，頭腦風暴會議不能最大限度地發(fā)揮個人的潛能。故選D?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecome

lopsided infavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.

(在頭腦風暴會議中，參與很容易變得lopsided，有利于最自負、最響亮的聲音和最有權(quán)勢的人)”可知，頭腦風暴會議中，參與者很容易傾向于最自負、聲音最大和最有權(quán)勢的人，即變得不平衡。故劃線詞意思是“不平衡的”。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.(為了挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力，我們最好不要進行頭腦風暴，而是轉(zhuǎn)向一種叫做“頭腦寫作”的過程)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.(組織行為學(xué)學(xué)者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解釋這種方法為何有效)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了頭腦風暴會議不能最大限度地發(fā)揮個人的潛能，建議通過“頭腦寫作”來挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力，并說明了這一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者寫這篇文章主要是為了提倡一種做法。故選C。DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventitDavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment. B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost. D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeable B.predictable C.bearable D.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.【答案】31.A32.A33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了目前關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對氣候變化有兩種不同觀點——適應(yīng)氣候變化或者阻止氣候變化，但作者認為適應(yīng)氣候變化是可行的和必要的?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2段的“DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.(大衛(wèi)·弗羅斯特(DavidFrost)認為，考慮到地球現(xiàn)在似乎肯定會變暖的程度，阻止氣候變化不再是一種選擇。)

”可以判斷Frost是支持適應(yīng)氣候變化的，根據(jù)第4段“TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.(英國當局發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關(guān)適應(yīng)氣候變化的辯論很困難。部分原因是一些活動人士聲稱適應(yīng)氣候變化是不可行的。他們說，氣候變化將終結(jié)人類文明，有可能導(dǎo)致整個人類滅絕。)”可知英國當局對關(guān)于適應(yīng)論的爭論犯了難，即不知道該支持哪邊，對是否去適應(yīng)氣候變化存疑。故選A?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段破折號后的“includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents(包括暴風雨、洪水和其他天氣事件的頻率增加)”可知，風暴、洪水和其他天氣事件發(fā)生的頻率增加，由此可推測出，氣候和天氣可能變得更加多變。volatile意為“易變的”，與changeable意思最接近。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.(問題不在于適應(yīng)在技術(shù)上是否可行，而在于從道德或?qū)嵺`角度來看是否可取。)”可知，從技術(shù)上來說適應(yīng)氣候變化是可行的，但問題是從道德或?qū)嵺`角度來看適應(yīng)氣候變化是否可取。接下來“Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?(我們是否愿意接受一個實質(zhì)上更溫暖的世界，人類生活在這個世界的不同地方？我們是否愿意接受某些物種可能滅絕，以及那些目前不太成功的物種和尚未進化的新物種更加繁榮？我們是否愿意接受世界各地人類居住模式發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變的后果？)”用提問的方式引發(fā)人們思考是否能接受氣候變化帶來的影響。由此可推測出，這些問題旨在幫助人們確定自己對適應(yīng)的接受性。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.(然而，考慮到氣候變暖目前不可避免的程度，適應(yīng)將是可行的，也是必要的。)”可知，作者認為氣候變暖是不可避免的，所以適應(yīng)是可行的和必要的，由此可推測出，作者認為適應(yīng)氣候變化是毋庸置疑的。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.____35____Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.____36____Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.____37____WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful.famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.____38____It’sonethi