專題17 非謂語動詞（一）-中考英語語法單項選擇題專項突破（原卷版）

非謂語動詞是中考考查的重要內(nèi)容之一，非謂語動詞內(nèi)容繁多，形式多樣，很多學(xué)生不能熟練掌握，靈活應(yīng)用。其實，同學(xué)們只要從非謂語動詞的作用與習(xí)慣兩個方面入手，便可輕松掌握非謂語動詞。中考對非謂語動詞的考查主要在于其作用和習(xí)慣用法兩個方面。在作用方面主要考查用不定式、動名詞還是分詞；同時還考查它們作某一成分時的一些特殊情況和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。在習(xí)慣用法方面主要考查在一些固定短語和特殊句型中用不定式還是動名詞的情況。非謂語動詞的作用非謂語動詞可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語。見下表：作用非謂語主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√分詞√√√√考點一.作主語不定式和動名詞都能作主語，動名詞作主語表示比較抽象的、一般的動作；不定式則多表示更具體的某一次的動作，尤其是將來的動作。不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將不定式后置。1.______isthebestwaytokeepagoodrelationshipwithyourparents,teachersandotherpeoplearoundyou.(蘭州)A.Activecommunicating B.ActivelycommunicatingC.Activelycommunication D.Activecommunicate2．______anewhouseisimpossiblefortheyoungcouplebecausetheyhaven'tsavedenoughmoney．(南京)A．BuyB．BuysC．BuyingD．Bought3.Hetolduswhether__________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(巴中)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveB.had4._________isourdutytoprotecttheenviorenment.(白銀)A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.Here考點二.作賓語非謂語動詞可作動詞的賓語和介詞的賓語。有些動詞只能接動名詞作賓語，不能接不定式；有些只能接不定式作賓語，不能接動名詞；有些既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，但意義完全不同；有些短語或結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用動名詞，有些只能用帶to的不定式，有些只能用不帶to的不定式，這些特殊的動詞、短語和結(jié)構(gòu)同學(xué)們一定要牢記。1）只能接動名詞作賓語，不能接不定式作賓語的動詞只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞主要有：,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,permit,pardon,practice,prevent,quit,stand,suggest,understand等。1.Mylittlebrotherdidn’tgotobeduntilhefinished________hishomeworklastnight.(邵陽)A.do B.doing C.todo2.WhenPresidentXiJinpinghassparetime,heenjoysandsports.(臨沂)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading3.Sheoftenpractices_____onweekends.(重慶渝北)A.singB.singsC.singingD.tosing4.—Whydidhisfatherbuythatphonewatchforhim?（貴港）—BecausetheGPSinthewatchcanhelphimtoavoid_____theway.A.toloseB.loseC.losesD.losing5.—Jackhasn’ttakenhispianolessonsforalongtime.（鄂州）—Heisconsidering_________hispianocourseandspendingmoretimeonhisstudy.A.todrop B.tothrow C.dropping D.throwing6.—Wouldyoumind________mehowtorememberEnglishwords?(自貢)—Ofcoursenot.A.tell B.totell C.telling5.—Bob,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?(眉山)—Whynot_______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English.A.tojoin;speakingB.join;tospeakC.tojoin;tospeakD.join;speaking2）只能接不定式作賓語，不能接動名詞作賓語的動詞只能接不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：afford,agree,aim,appear,apply,beg,care,dare,decide,elect,expect,fail,happen,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remain,seem,undertake,volunteer,want,wish等；動詞decide,discover,discuss,explain,know,learn,show,tell,think,understand,wonder等常跟“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語。1.—Jack，whyhaveyoudecided______Chinesefolkmusicasacourse?(蘇州)—TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture.A.take B.taken C.taking D.totake2.Vivianrefuses_______herchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.(上海)A)tosendB)sendingC)sentD)sends3.—Doyouhaveanyplacesforthecomingvacation?（重慶）—Sure.Wedecide___________SeachainJuly.A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.tovisit4.Weonlyplanned_______theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.(天津)A.watchB.watchesC.towatchD,watched5.Thegirlstudentsarediscussing_____thewallsintheclassroom.(宿遷)A.whattopaintcolor B.topaintwhatcolorC.whichcolortopaint D.topaintwhichcolor6.—Haveyoudecidedwhen_____?(菏澤)—Yes,tomorrowmorning.A.willyouleaveB.areyouleavingC.toleave3)既可接動名詞又可接不定式，但意思完全不同的動詞和短語既可接動名詞又可接不定式，但意思完全不同的動詞和短語主要有：todo記住做…todo遺憾地要做…rememberregretdoing記得曾經(jīng)做過…doing后悔做了…todo忘了做…todo盡力做…forgettrydoing忘記曾經(jīng)做過…doing試著做…todo企（意）圖做…todo停下正在做的事情去做另一件事meanstopdoing意味著…doing意味著…todo做完一件事接著做另一件事goondoing不停地做同一件事1.—Thelightison.Whenyouleave,please________.(齊齊哈爾)—OK,Iwon’tforget________itA.turnitoff,todo B.turnitoff,doing C.turnonit,todo2.Sometimesyouhavetostop____toomuchandjustgowhereyourhearttakesyou.（湘潭）A.thinkB.tothinkC.thinking3.—I’msorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.(眉山)—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember_______itheretomorrow.A.takingB.totakeC.bringingD.tobring4）不定式作賓語，后面還有賓語補足語時，不定式要后置，而在賓語的位置用it作形式賓語。1.Doyouthinkacceptableforagroupofwomentodancetoloudmusiconthesquarenearyourhouse?(蘭州)A.it B.that C.this D.its2.TheChinesegovernmenthasmade_____possibleforpeopletolivehappylives.(貴陽)A.that B.this C.it3.Chinesepeoplefind___________ourdutytohelpdevelopAfricancountriesalongtheBeltandRoad(一帶一路).(黃石)A.itB.thisC.thatD.these考點三.作表語不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作表語，但動名詞作表語基本上不考，所以在此我們只講講不定式和分詞作表語的情況。不定式作表語一般解釋或說明主語的內(nèi)容；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。特別要記住一些動詞如amaze,surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，shock，move,tire,bore的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的特點，一般情況下，物作主語，表語用現(xiàn)在分詞，人作主語，表語用過去分詞。1.Herwishis__________anengineer.（濟南）A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Hisdreamis_________researchersfindamethodforhisdisease.（白銀）A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped3.Thedoorremained_________whenhecameagain.（德陽）A.lockB.tolockC.lockingD.locked4.—Youlookpale.（廣安）—Ifeelalittle______.A.tireB.tiredC.tiringD.tiresome5.Itisbelievedthatifabookis_______，itwillsurely_________thereaders.（來賓）A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest鞏固練習(xí)：1.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinjustnow.(樂山)—That’sgood.Itried______thebabyup.A.towake B.nottowake C.waking2.—Wouldyoumind______here?(龍東)—Ofcoursenot.I’ll_____mycigaretteatonce.A.notsmoking;putawayB.notsmoking;putout C.nottosmoking;putoff2.Cindy’sgrandmotherislearningthenewmobilephone.(臨沂)A.useB.usesC.usedD.touse4.Aftertwohours’drive,thedriverdecided_______andhavearest(海南)A.stop B.tostop C.stopping5.Ouraimis________them，nottoteachthemalesson.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helped6.—Jack,rememberoffthelightswhenthehome.(黃石)—OK,Iwon’tforget,mom.A.turning;leavingB.toturn;leaveC.turning;leftD.toturn;leaving7.—TheTVinyourroomisstillon.（青海）—Oh,Iforgot______.A.turningiton B.turningitoff C.toturnitoff8.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____________frommyfriends.A.separatedB.separateC.separatingD.separates9.Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinishes________hishomeworkontime.(重慶)A.do B.did C.does D.doing10.Thespeechwasso________thattheywereall________.A