專題18 非謂語動(dòng)詞（二）-中考英語語法單項(xiàng)選擇題專項(xiàng)突破（解析版）

考點(diǎn)四.作定語不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞都能作定語。1．現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，過去分詞多表示被動(dòng)或完成；不定式則更多地表示將來的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作定語，多表示所修飾名詞的用途。2．不定式作定語與其所修飾的名詞之間構(gòu)成一定的邏輯關(guān)系，主要有：1）不定式所修飾的名詞是后面作定語的不定式的邏輯主語（尤其是名詞前有序數(shù)詞或最級(jí)修飾）。這里不定式除修飾名詞外，還可修飾代詞和數(shù)詞。2）被修飾的那個(gè)名詞是后面作定語的不定式的邏輯賓語。3）作定語的不定式用來說明被修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容。這個(gè)不定式相當(dāng)于被修飾的那個(gè)名詞的表語。這類名詞常見的有：chance,courage,ability,right(權(quán)利)等。3.way后接不定式作賓語。1.—DoyouknowNeilArmstrong?(北京)—Yes,Heisthefirstman______onthemoon.A.walkB.walksC.towalkD.walked【答案】C【解析】名詞man前有序數(shù)詞thefirst修飾，故用不定式作定語。man是不定式的邏輯主語。2.Anurse_______Carolynwilllookafterthebabywhenhismother_____away.(蘭州)A.naming...is B.naming...willbeC.named...is D.named…willbe【答案】C3.Therearesomepeople_____soccerinthepark.(重慶渝北)A.playB.playsC.playingD.toplay【答案】C【解析】句意：一些人正在公園里踢足球。此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。4.—We’regoingtoseeamovie.Wouldyouliketojoinus?(廣安)—Sorry,Ihavetoomuchhomework_______.A.WilldoB.needdoC.doD.todo【答案】D【解析】句意：——我們要去看電影。你愿意加入我們的行列嗎？——真抱歉，我有太多的作業(yè)要做。havesth.todo意為“有事要做”，不定式作定語，修飾homework。homework是不定式的邏輯賓語。5.Inthosedays,peoplegotnochance________toreadandwrite.（龍東）A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned【答案】B【解析】句意：那些日子，人們沒有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)讀書和寫字。不定式說明名詞chance的內(nèi)容。6.Sleepingisapopularway_______amongstudents.(天水)A.relax B.relaxed C.relaxing D.torelax【答案】D【解析】句意：學(xué)生間，睡覺是一種流行的放松方式。way后接動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語?？键c(diǎn)五.作狀語不定式和分詞都能作狀語。1．非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子主語一致。此原則是判定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞的唯一依據(jù)。2．分詞與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系就用過去分詞。3．不定式多作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語，分詞多作時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等狀語。分詞放在句首，表示原因、時(shí)間、條件等；不定式放在句首則表示目的。不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示意想不到的結(jié)果，分詞則表示自然的結(jié)果。不定式作目的狀語是考查的重點(diǎn)。4.在做表語或補(bǔ)語的形容詞后用不定式做狀語。1.Asavolunteer,thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital__________themup.(青島)A.tocheer B.cheer C.cheering D.cheered【答案】A【解析】句意：作為一名志愿者，（這個(gè)）女孩想去醫(yī)院看望生病的孩子們，讓他們開心。此處作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。2.—Whatshallwedothisweekend?(郴州)—We’lldrivetoDongjiangLakeboating.A.togo B.go C.going【答案】A【解析】這里作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)3.—Whydidyoubuysomanyflowers!（包頭）—___mywife,Ididsomethingwrongyesterday.Sheisstillangrywithme.A.PleaseB.TopleaseC.PleasingD.Bepleased【答案】B【解析】句意：為什么你買了這么多花？為了讓我妻子高興。我昨天做了錯(cuò)事，她還生我的氣呢。不定式作目的狀語。4.MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime_______herwordsonpaper.(揚(yáng)州)A.put B.putting C.toput D.puts【答案】C【解析】句意：媽媽做所有的家務(wù),這樣莎拉可以抽出時(shí)間去寫作文。takethetimetodosth.意為“花時(shí)間做某事”，不定式作目的狀語。5.Doctorsinthetownareusingthebookstheirstudiesandtreatpatients.(臨沂)A.continueB.tocontinueC.continuingD.continues【答案】B6.________foralongtime,thebooklooksold.（湘潭）A.UseB.TobeusedC.UsingD.Used【答案】D【解析】句意：由于用的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了，書看上去很舊。這里作原因狀語，應(yīng)用分詞；thebook和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。7.TheMonkeyKingcanmake72changestohisshapeandsize,______himselfintodifferentanimalsandobjects.(攀枝花)A.turned B.toturn C.turning D.turn【答案】C8._______,watercanbechangedintovapor.（北京）

A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat【答案】C【解析】句意：如果給水加熱，水就能變成蒸汽。這里作條件狀語，所以用分詞；邏輯主語water和heat之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。9.I'msorry______you.(吉林)A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled【答案】B【解析】句意：對(duì)不起，給你添麻煩了。Sorry是形容詞，后接不定式作狀語。10.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.(甘肅)A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets【答案】【解析】形容詞glad后接不定式作狀語?？键c(diǎn)六.作補(bǔ)語非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語是中考英語考查的重點(diǎn)，希望引起同學(xué)們的重視。補(bǔ)語分為賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語，不定式和分詞都能作補(bǔ)語。1．感官動(dòng)詞（主要有see,hear,notice,feel,watch,observe等）和使役動(dòng)詞（主要有make,let,have等）跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)語時(shí)，不定式不能帶to，但用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)(let,have不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))，不定式要帶to。2．能跟帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有：advise,allow,ask,beg,believe,consider,discover,drive,encourage,expect,force,get,imagine,invite,order,suppose,teach,tell,think,want,warn,wish,understand等。help后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可帶to也可不帶。3．感官動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行狀態(tài)，跟不定式作補(bǔ)語，表示動(dòng)作的全過程。4．現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或表示被動(dòng)；不定式作補(bǔ)語常常表示將來的動(dòng)作。1.Lastnight,Ifoundaphotoinanoldbook.Itmademe____ofmyprimaryschoollife.（濟(jì)南）A.thinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD．tothink【答案】A【解析】句意：昨晚，我在一本舊書里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張照片。它讓我想起小學(xué)時(shí)代的生活。make后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即makesb．dosth。2.Inolddays,thepoor_______forthebossforover18hoursaday.(恩施) A.wasmadetobeworkedB.weremadeworkC.weremadetowork【答案】C【解析】thepoor指“窮人”，是復(fù)數(shù)概念；make后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后不定式要加上to，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。3.Theboywasseen____________computergamesinthenetbar.(天水)A.playB.played C.playing D.toplay【答案】C【解析】句意：男孩被看到在網(wǎng)吧玩電子游戲。beseen后接不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語，用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。這里指看見男孩時(shí)，他正在玩游戲，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。4.IsawTom_________hiskeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.(徐州)A.putB.puttingC.putsD.toput【答案】A5.Thoughheoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyher.(岳陽)A.cry;tocryB.cried;cryingC.tocry;cry【答案】A【解析】句意：雖然他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他被妹妹弄哭了。make是使役動(dòng)詞，后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即makesb.dosth.；但變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，不定式要加上to，作主語補(bǔ)足語。故選A。6.WheneverIfailedtodosomething,mymother______me______haveatryagain.(通遼)A.let;toB.advised;toC.made;toD.makes;to【答案】B【解析】句意：無論何時(shí)我不能做某事時(shí)，媽媽都會(huì)建議我再試一次。所選動(dòng)詞后面是帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。只有advise符合；let,make,have后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。7.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksus_______thehabitofkeepingadiary.(廣東)A.develop B.develops C.developing D.todevelop【答案】D【解析】ask后接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即asksb.todosth。8.OurEnglishteacherwantsusEnglishstoriesoutofclass.(成都)A.readB.readingC.toread【答案】C【解析】句意：我們英語老師讓我們課下讀英語故事。Want后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即wantsb.todosth.。故選C。9.Ourteacheroftentellsus_____time.(遂寧)A.notwasteB.don’twasterC.nottowasteD.doesn’twaste【答案】C【解析】句意：老師經(jīng)常告訴我們不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Tell后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其否定式是在不定式前加not。10.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents________childrenathomealone.（孝感）A.leave B.toleave C.notleave D.nottoleave【答案】D【解析】句意：為了使孩子們遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)，我們告誡父母不要把孩子獨(dú)自留在家里。warn后跟不定式todo/nottodo作賓語補(bǔ)足語；結(jié)合句意可知是“不要做某事”，故選D。11.—You’dbetteradvisehim_____anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.(宜昌)—Iwill.Hehastoknowit’sdangerous.A.notthrowing B.nothrowing C.nottothrow D.don’tthrow【答案】C【解析】advise后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示否定在不定式前面加not，即advisesb.nottodo（建議某人不做……）。12.Tomisunhappytoday.Let’s______.(巴中)A.cheeruphimB.cheerhimupC.tocheerhimup【答案】B【解析】句意：湯姆今天不開心。咱們使他高興起來吧。let’s后跟動(dòng)詞原形；cheerup是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí)，要放在中間。故選B。14.Myteacheroftenencouragesme____atleastonehouradayreadingbooks.(龍東)A.topay B.cost C.tospend【答案】C鞏固練習(xí)：1.Myparentshavealotofhousework______.(綏化)A.do B.todo C.doing2.ChineseCulture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.(長(zhǎng)春)A.SpreadingB.TospreadC.SpreadsD.Spread3.InsomeAfricancountries,childrenaremade________heavyworkbecausetheirparentshavedied.(內(nèi)江)A.doingB.doneC.doD.todo4.YoucanaskLiuMei______withyou.(綏化)A.go B.togo C.going5.Theheadmasterwarnsus______theschoolrules,orwe’llbepunished.(新疆建設(shè)兵團(tuán))A.tobreak B.nottobreak C.breaking D.don’tbreak6.Myparentsoftentellme______fightwithothers.(巴中)A.don’tB.nottoC.not7.Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus______surewedon’tbreakanything.（河南）A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.making8.Myfatherasksme______inthestreet.It’sdangerous.(賀州)A.nottoplay B.notplay C.notplaying D.doesn’train9.Thechildiscrying.Pleasedosomethingtomakehim________.(宜賓)A.stoptocryB.stopcryingC.tostopcrying10.—IsawJim____intothatnewbuildingjustnow.(龍東)—Oh,it’sournewlibrary.It____tothepublicforaweek.A.walk;hasopenedB.walk;hasbeenopenC.walking;hasopened11.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.(濟(jì)南)A.doingB.todoC.doD.done12.Myparentsalwaysaskme_______morevegetablesandfruit.（畢節(jié)）A.eat B.eating C.toeatD.eats13.Parentsshouldtelltheirchildren_________unhealthyfood.It’sbadfortheirhealth.（丹東）A.nottoeat B.noteating C.tocat D.eating14.We’lldowhatwecan___________thesickman.(天水)A.tohelp B.help C.helps D.helped15.—Thelastone__________paysthemeal.—Agreed!