2023年12月大學(xué)英語4級(jí)真題（第二套）

Part (30Directions:Supposetheuniversitynewspaperisinvitingsubmissionsfromthestudentsforitscomingontherecentdevelopmentintheirhometown.Youarenowtowriteanessayforsubmission.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast且Qwordsbutnomorethan垃Qwords.Part Listening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoormustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)HenoticedthedriverwastooyoungtoHefoundtherewasnoonesittingattheHethoughtsomethingmustbewrongwiththeA)Buyasports C)LeaveDriveacross D)VisithisQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Howtheychangethewaywe C)HowtheycauseincreasedHowtheyalterhuman D)HowtheyaffectourA)It C)ItIt D)ItQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)CreateInternetpagesfor C)NameanorangetreeafterAskalocalpetshoptoadopt D)HoldabirthdaypartyforA)Heisaboldandaggressive C)Heoncebitadoctor'sHepaysregularvisitstovillage A)Heisfondofluxurycat C)HeknowseverybodyintheHelikestostayinvillagers' D)HeoftenseeksfoodaroundherSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter2023年12月四級(jí)真題（第二套 Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Whotoorderthe C)WhentogofortheirWhethertohave D)WheretohavetheirA)Intheshoppingcenter C)AttheSandwichPlaceonCamdenIntheexpensiveItalianstyleA)ThereistobeaconferenceShehastomeetwithherbossA)Shedoesn'tdeemhomemadesoupShedoesn'tthinkhiswifecooks

D)AttheAmericanrestauranttheyTherewillbecrowdsofpeoplewaitingforShewillhaveaphototakenwithBrigetteShefeelsJeremywouldratherdineShehasfoundthesoupsmellsQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)AA

AAA)HewasinvolvedinaterriblecaraccidentlastApril.C)HeisexpectedtoundergoakneeHehasmuchdifficultygettingupanddown D)HepreferstostaynextdoortotheA)Topleasehisparents-in-TofindthebesttripforhisA)VisitalocalartGoonaboat

TosatisfyhisTocompareTakesomephotosoftheTryherhand-madeSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Theyaremoreintelligentthanmany C)TheyhavebeguntoaffectoursocialTheyhavealreadybecomeournew D)TheyplayincreasinglymoreimportantA)WhetheritmighthaveanyeffectonthewayweWhetheritmightactuallyoutperformhumanWhetheritcanspeeduplegalA)ChoosetobeSympathizewiththeir

UsedeceptiveAppeartobeQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheywereperceiveddifferentlybysomeTheystillexistedsixmonthsafterthecourseTheyvariedgreatlyamongthecourseTheywereonlymeasurablewithinseven A)TheycanbeeasilyseenamongparticipantsinahealthyweightTheyshouldbeattributedtoparticipants'changeindietTheyarelinkedtocookingconfidenceandcookingTheyactuallyresultfromeatingmorefruitsandA) C) D)Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Itkeepsothers C)ItremainsItcausesA)ItmakesusfeelItrenderstheacquaintanceaA)InpersonalInsocialA)WhenwebegintofeelWhenwedevelopasenseof

D)ItvariesinItbringstheacquaintanceclosertoItcausesthebubblearoundustoWithinadistanceof18Over2feetawayfromoneWhenweare3or4yearsWhenweenterourPartSection

Reading (40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Anumberofstudieshavelookedathowfamilylifecanaffectproductivityandsatisfactionintheworkplace.However,therehasbeen_2.Q_littleresearchontheinfluenceofleisureactivities.SoCiaraKellyandcolleaguesrecruited129hobbyiststolookathowthetimespentontheirhobbies_JJ_theirworklife.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenparticipantsspentlongerthan_l旦＿ontheirleisureactivity,beliefintheirabilitytoperformtheirjobwasstrengthened.Butthiswasonlythe＿立生whentheyhadaserioushobbythatwasdissimilartotheirjob,orwhentheirhobbywassimilartotheirworkbuttheyonlydiditl_Q_.Whentheirhobbywasbothseriousandsimilartotheirjob,thenspendingmoretimeonitactuallydecreasedtheirwork_1L.Whymightthatbe?Tomaintainaserioushobby,peopleneedtoinvestsignificantresources,saytheauthors-soiftheactivityhasthesamekindsofdemandsastheirwork,theymaybeleft工andunabletoperformwellattheirjobButiftheirhobbyisquitedifferentfromtheircareer,itmaynot鳥inthesamewaybutinsteadhelpthemdevelopotherknowledgeandskillsthatcan_:性＿theirconfidenceatwork."Considerascientistwhoisakeenrockclimber,"saysKelly"Sinceclimbingis ?2023?2023年12月四級(jí)真題（第二套sofar立fromtheirday-to-dayworkactivitiestheycanstillrecoverfromthedemandsoftheirjobwithplentyofresources."

0)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Morefathersaretakingpaternityleave,butmothersarestilldoingalltheAttitudestowardspaternityleave（陪產(chǎn)假）havedrasticallychangedinAmericainthelastfiveyearsasmorefathersfeelcomfortabletakingextendedtimeoff,butgenderbiaspersistswhenitcomestocareerprospectsandthehome,accordingtoanewstudyofworkingparents.ResearchbytheBostonCollegeCenterforWork&Family,whichsurveyednewparentsatfourlargeUScompanieswhowerequalifiedfortakingatleastsixweekspaidparentalleave,foundthat81%ofthe1,240employeessurveyedsaidthenotionoffatherstakingleavehasbecomemoreacceptable.Ofthosesurveyed,62%offatherstookthemaximumamountoftimeoffcomparedto93%ofmothers,andaroundthree-quartersofworkerssaidtheiremployerwasequallysupportiveofmothersandfatherstakingparentalleaveandoverhalfsaidleavepolicieshadmadeworkplaceculturebetter.TheUSisoneofonlythreecountriesintheworldnottoofferstatutory（法定的）paidleave,butstatesandcompaniesarestartingtotakeuptheissue.Sofar,eightstatesandtheDistrictofColumbiahavetheirownpaidfamilyleavelaws.BradHarrington,executivedirectorofthecenterandleadauthorofthestudy,estimatesonly20%to30%ofcompaniesintheUSofferpaidparentalleave.Hefeelstheresearchfindingsreflectanobviouschangeincorporateattitudestonewfatherstakingtimeoff."Wedidastudyonpaternityleavefiveyearsago.Comparedwiththosefindings,thesenumberswereshockingtome.Ididnotexpect80%ofpeopletosaytheorganisationfindsdadstakingthisleaveacceptableandthree-quarterstosayit'sequallysupportiveofwomenandmentakingleave,"Harringtonsaid.Thepreviousstudyfoundthatnearlythree-quartersoffatherssawtwotofourweeksasanappropriatedurationforpaternityleaveand76%saidtheywouldprefernottotakealltheirtimeoffatonce.Sincethen,therehavebeenanumberoflegalcasesagainstcompaniesinvolvingpaternityleave—includingcasesagainstJPMorganChaseandEsteeLauder—whichhavehelpedputpressureoncompaniestomaketheirparentalleavepoliciesgenderHowever,thestudyalsoshowshowtraditionalgenderrolesendurebothatwork,wheremorewomenthanmenreportedchangesintheirperceivedcareerpotential,andathomeevenamongworkerswhoclaimtohaveastrongdesireforequality.Thevastmajorityofmen,97%,saidoneofthetopreasonstotakeleavewastosharecaregivingwiththeirpartner.Butwhentheywereaskedabouthowcaregivingandhouseholdtasksweredivided,theiranswerspaintedadifferentpicture.Whileabout75%ofemployeessaidbothgendersshouldgivethesameamountofcare,themajorityofmenandnearlyhalfofwomenadmittedthatinrealitythefemaleactuallydidmostofit.Atinyfraction,2%,ofmensaidtheydidmoreofthechildcare.Menandwomen'sexperiencesofthereturntoworkfollowingparentalleavewerealsoconsiderablydifferent.Ofthewomensurveyed,32%reportedadownturnintheirjobsatisfaction,while14%saiditincreased.Incomparison,17%ofmensaidtheirjobsatisfactionwentdownand20%saiditwentup.Meanwhile,morewomenreportedanincreaseintheirresponsibilitiesandmanagerexpectationsafter27%ofmendid.SimilarpercentagesofmenandwomensaidtheyenjoyedtheircareersandthatitgavethemOnthesubjectofcareeradvancement,59%ofwomenand49%ofmensaidleavecouldbelimitingandbothgenderssaidtheyfeareditwouldhaveanimpactontheirprogresslong-term.Butonopportunityforpromotion,morethandoublethenumberofwomen,30%comparedwith15%ofmen,believedtheirchancestobelowerafterbecomingaparent.Despiteprogress,thestruggleforwomentoreachthehighestpositionsofpowerisdemonstratedinthisyear'sFortune500list,whichfeaturedarecord33femaleCEOs,butthisstillrepresentsatinyfractionofthetotal.Harringtonsaidculturechangedependsoncompanie.sputtingmorefocusonmenandtheirresponsibilities."BythatImeancompaniesneedtogivemenpaternityleaveandencouragementotaketimeofftobewiththeirkidsearlyoninthekids'life.Theyalsoneedtorecognisethatmenhavetomakesignificantadjustmentswhentheybecomeparents.Companiescannotdoallthesethingstoenhancewomen'sadvancementandthenturnaroundandsay,'Oh,butwedon'texpectthementotakeoverforthewomenathome."'InMay,theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion(ACLU)andOutten&GoldenLLPannouncedahistoricclass-action$5msettlementwithJPMorganChaseonbehalfofmaleemployeeswhoclaimtheywereillegallydeniedaccesstopaidparentalleave.DerekRotondo,35,filedthediscriminationchargeagainsthiscompanyafterhewasallegedlytoldbyhisHRdepartmentthatmotherswereconsideredprimarycaregivers.Thus,theywereallowedtotake16weeksofpaidparentalleave.Fathers,however,couldtakejusttwoweeks.0)ThefatheroftwofromColumbus,Ohio,whostillworksatthecompanyasanassociateandinvestigator,saidhehaswitnesseda"dominoeffect（多米諾效應(yīng)）“acrosscompaniessincethesettlement,butthatthereisstillsubstantialprogresstobemadetowardschangingattitudestowardspaternityleave.P)"Idothinkthere'sstillsomewaytogo…there'sstillgoingtobesortoftheunstatedexpectationfornewdadstoessentiallycomerightbacktowork,butIthinktheresearchisshowingthat'sstartingtochange."Hesaidequalparentalleaveisanessentialcomponenttocreatinggenderequalityintheworkplace."Theoldstandardofwomenstayinghome,havingbabiesandcookingdoesn'tapplyandhasn'tappliedforalongtime."IntheabsenceofFederallegislation,somestatesintheUShavepassedlawsconcerningpaidfamilyMostfathersadmittedthatevenduringtheirpaternityleavetheyactuallydidmuchlesschildcarethantheAccordingtoonefather,equalparentalleaveisindispensabletoachievinggenderequalityintheOnesurveyindicatedthereisnowlessobjectiontopaternityComparedtofiveyearsago,accordingtooneresearcher,manymorepeoplesaidtheirorganisationgavethesamesupporttomenandwomentakingparentalleave.Onestudyfindsthatevenworkerswhoclaimtodesiregenderequalitysticktotraditionalgenderrolesbothatworkandathome.ThemajorityofworkerssurveyedsaidparentalleavepolicieshadimprovedworkplaceInspiteofprogress,thenumberofwomenintoppositionsofbigcompaniesremainsextremelyAccordingtooneestimate,lessthanonethirdofcompaniesintheUSprovidepaidparentalAnumberoflawsuitshavepressuredcompaniestoformulategenderneutralpoliciesonparentalDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingHavingarivalcankeepyoucommittedtoachievingyourgoalsandenhanceyouroverallperformance.Butbeforeyougooutandfindanentrepreneurtooutcompete,it'simportanttounderstandandavoidthetrapsthatoftencomewithrivalry.Afterall,competitiverivalrycanalsohindereffectivedecision-makingandincreaseyourwillingnesstotakerisks,behaviorsthatcanultimatelyhurtyourventure'ssuccess.Findingsomeoneyou'recommittedtooutcompetingcanbeagreatwaytostayfocusedonyourgoalsandpushyourventuretothenextlevel.Butwhenyou'reintenlyfocusedonoutperformingyourrivals,youmaybegintodevelopa"win-at-all-costs"mentalitythatcausesyoutoignorehowyouachievesuccess.Onegroupofresearchers,forexample,examinedthelinkbetweenrivalryandunethicalbehavior.Theyfoundthatwhenpeoplecompeteagainsttheirrivals,theyaremorewillingtobehaveunethicallytowin.Butsuchbehaviormaystainyourreputationandstrainrelationshipsimportanttoyoursuccess.Onewaytoavoidthistrapistostopandreflectonwhat'simportant.Whileoutperformingyourrivalsmayprovideshort-termbenefits,thelossofyourintegritywillhavelong-termconsequences.Onereasonhavingarivalcanenhanceyourventure'sperformanceisthatitcreatesalevelofexcitementthatdrivesyoutoworkharder.Butthiseagernesstowinmayalsohurtyourventure'ssuccess,particularlywhenitcausesyoutomakeimpulsive,insensibledecisions.Butit'spossibletoavoidsuchcostlymistakesbymakingahabitofengagingincriticalthinking,suchasconsideringopposingviewpointsandconductingcost-benefitanalyses,especiallyforthosedecisionsthatarecomplexandcandeterminethefutureofyourventure.Thesenseofeagernessthatcomeswithhavingarivalcannotonlycauseyoutomakepoorerdecisions,butitcanalsoleadyoutotakegreaterrisksthatputyourventureinperil.Onewayyoucanovercometherisk-inducingeffectsofrivalrythatstandtoendangeryourventure'ssuccessistoremainattentivetoyouremotionalstateandactivelymonitorhowsuchfeelingsareaffectingyourdecision-making.HowcancompetitiverivalrybenefitentrepreneursaccordingtotheByenablingthemtooutcompeteotherByenablingthemtomaketheirventureaByhelpingthemtoreachlong-termByhelpingthemtostaygoal-WhatisoneofthetrapsentrepreneursmayoftenfallintowhencompetingwithTheymayadoptstrategiesthatareb.0undtoruintheirTheymayresorttounethicalmeanstooutperformtheirTheymaybetooeagertosucceedwhileignoringthehugelaborTheymaybeintentlyfocusedonwinningatthecurrentmarketWhatareentrepreneursadvisedtodotoavoidtrapsthatoftenaccompanyDeliberateonwhatreally C)Estimatethelong-termPrioritizereapingimmediate D)ReflectonwhatsuccessesareHowcanentrepreneursavoidmakingimpulsiveandinsensibleByengagingthemselvesincriticalBydevelopingahabitofkeepingtheirBycriticizingthemselvesforpreviouspoorByrefrainingfrombeingtooexcitedabouttheirHowcanentrepreneursovercometherisk-inducingeffectsofBypayingcloseattentiontotheircurrentBytakingstepsthatstandtoendangertheirBymonitoringhowtheirdecision-makingimpactstheirBykeepingtheiremotionsinchecktoavoidmakingpoorPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingAmultitaskerisonewhocanperformtwoormoretaskseffectivelyatthesametime,which—apartfromtheobviousdifferences—issimilartowhatacomputerdoes.Theconceptdoesindeedcomefromtheoftechnology,whereitisusedtorefertoanoperatingsystemthatcanexecutemultipletasksatthesametime.However,thequestionis:canapersonreallybeamultitasker?Formostscientists,theanswerisno.Somuchsothat,accordingtoexpertsinneuroscience（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)ourbrainsdonothandlemultitaskingsituationswell.Assoonastwotasksrequireourattention,suffers.Whatwecallmultitasking,therefore,isinrealitytheabilitytomovemoreorlessquicklyfromonetasktoanother.Thisrequirestwoessentialconditions:thatoneofthetasksneedstobeautomatic,likewalkingoreating,andthattheybothneeddifferentmentalprocesses.Answeringthephoneandwritingatthesametime,forHowever,ontheothersideofthecointherearepeoplewhomaintainthatitispossibletobe,oratleastseemtobe,multitasking.Arecentstudyconcludedthatregardlessofwhetherpeopleareactuallyhandlingseveraltasksornot,themerefactthattheyperceivethisactivityasmultitaskinghasapositiveeffectontheirperformance.Thebusinessperspectiveoffersadifferentview:multitaskingisunderstoodastheabilitytoadapttoalltypesofenvironmentwithin