2024全國高考英語試題匯編之閱讀理解(精校版)

2024全國高考匯編之閱讀理解

廣告應(yīng)用類

(2024全國1)MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseum

Ourmonthlytalksstartat19:30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalcharges

andyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21:00.

November7”，

TheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneof(heleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalso

amajorplayerintrainingothersin(heartofnanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuch

apositivecontributiontotheeducationcfthatgroupofearly“civilenginerrsM.

December5th

IcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiceforfood

preservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,

andhowLondon'sicetradegrew.

February6山

AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopenling.TheThames

andSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.

March6，卜

EyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshadmanyislands.Mirandahasundertakenareviewof

allofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.

LondonCanalMuseum

12-13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT

.ukcanalmuscum.mobi

Tcl:02077130836

21.WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?

A.February6th.B.March6th.C.November7,h.D.December5lh.

22.WhatisthelopicofthetalkinFebruary?

A.TheCanalPioneers.B.IcefortheMetropolis

C.EyotsandAits-ThamesIslandsD.AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals

23.WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames.

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A.MirandaVickersB.MalcolmTuckerC.ChrisLewisD.LizPayne

（2024福建）SIGNYOURCHILDUPFORTLYTOTHEMOONCLUB”

ANDENJOYAFREE*FLIGHTTOANYDESTINATIONINASIA!

Witharegistrationfeeofjust$50perchild,

childrenundertheageof12

canjoinEagleAirways'

FLYTOTHEMOONCLUBasmembers.

Theycanthenenjoythesamebenefits

onboardEagleAirways*newestBocing-797

toanydestinationintheworld!

BENEFITSYOUCANTMISS!

?Afree*flighttoanydestinationinAsia

,30%offanycourseatTanyaLanguageSchool

?20%offanypurchasemadeatRubyBookstore

,Afreenotebookwitheverypurchaseabove$50atStarlightStationery

,AfreebowlofdessertforafamilyoffouratDon'sDiners

dinnerordered

,Abirthdaygiftonyourchild'sbirthday

,Afreealbumcontainingpicturestakenduringthejourney

Allbookingsmadebefore12Septemberwillreceivefreetravelinsurancefor

theentirefamily!**InsuranceisissuedbyLiveLifeInsuranceGroup.

10%OFFALLBOOKINGS

fordeparturesfrom5to11September

*Childmustbeaccompaniedbytwo

payingadults.

**Termsandconditionsapply.

65.Oneofthebenefitsmentionedin,theadvertisementis.

A.afreeflighttoanydestinationintheworldB.30%offanybookpurchasedatRubyBookstore

2

C.afreebowlofdessertatanyrestaurantattheairportD.adiscountonanycourseatTanyaLanguageSchool

66.Whichofthefollowingbookingsmayreceivethemostbenefits?

A.

BookingdateDeparturedate

September13September18

B.

BookingdateDeparturedate

September2September12

C.

BookingdateDeparturedate

August15September4

D.

BookingdateDeparturedate

August16September8

67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheadvertisement?

A.Youneedtopay$5()tosignupachildfor(heclub.

B.Clubmembersenjoyfreetravelinsuranceforanyflight.

C.Theadvertisementisintendedforstudentsofallages.

D.Anychildmustbeaccompaniedbyatleastonepayingadult.

(2024全國2)ChooseYourOne-DayTours

TourA-Bath&StonehengeincludingentrancefeestotheancientRomanbathroomsandStonehenge-￡until26March

and￡39thereafter.

Visit(hecitywithover2,000yearsofhistoryandBathAbbey,theRoyalCresceniand(heCostuceMtsan.Stonehengeisone

oftheworld'smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingbackover5,000years.

TourB-Oxford&StratfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary'sChurchTowerandAnneHathaway'shouse

—32until12Marchand36thereafter.

Oxford:IncludesaguidedofEngland'soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.Lookoverthe“cityofdreamingspires(尖

頂)"fbrmStMary'sChurchTowerStratford:IncludesaguidedrourexploringmuchoftheShakespearewonder.

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radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedinstudentroomsinclude:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,

waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeof

ResidenceLife.

AccesstoResidentialRooms

Studentsareprovidedwithacombination（組合密碼）fortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck-in.Donotshareyourroom

doorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychange（hedoorlockcombinationatanytimeatthe

expenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangea

roomcombination.

CookingPolicy

Studentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupafter

cooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.With

theexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven（微波爐）（oheatfood,studentsarenotpermitted（ocookintheirrooms.

PetPolicy

Nopetsexceptfisharepeimittedinstudentrooms.Studentswhoarefoundwithpets,whethervisitingorownedbythe

student,aresubjecttoaninitialfineof$100andacontinuingfineof$50adayperpet.Studentsreceivewrittennoticewhen

thefinegoesintoeffect.If,oneweekfromthedateofwrittennotice,thepctisnotremoved,thestuden:isreferredtothe

StudentCourt.

QuietHours

Residentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmosphere（hatsupportstheacademicmissionoftheUniversity.Minimumquiet

hoursinallcampusresidencesare11:COpmto8:00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturday

nightsare1:00amto8:00am.StudentswhoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineofS25.

36.Whichofthefollowingitemsarcallowedinstudentrooms?

A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.Wirelessroutersandradios.

C.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.

37.Whatifastudentisfoundlohavetoldhiscombination（oothers?

A.Thecombinationshouldbechanged.B.TheOfficeshouldbecharged.

C.Heshouldreplacethedoorlock.D.Heshouldcheckoutoftheroom.

38.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?

A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.

C.Ahojsekccpcristocleanupthekitchen.D.Studentsarctoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.

39.Ifastudenthaskeptacatinhisroomforaweeksincethewarning,hewillface.

A.parentvisitsB.afineof$100

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C.theStudentCourtD.awrittennotice

40.Whencanstudentsenjoyapartyinresidences?

A.7:00am,Sunday.B.7:30am,Thursday.

C.11:30pm,Monday.D.（）0:30am,Saturday.

（2024安徽）

WelcometotheElectronicVillagetoexplorenewwaysoflanguageteachingandlearning.

ElectronicVillageProgram（Thursday,June18,2024）

NearpodTEO

?9:00amto10:00am?2:00pinto3:00pm

?Room501?Room502

NearpodisasoftwareprogramthatOurstudentscomefromdifferent

createsarichcontext（語境）forbackgroundsbuthavethesamedesireto

studentstolearnvocabulary.Thelearnon-line.Thepresenterwilluse

presenterwillshowhowtouseit.examplesfromhisfirston-lineclassto

explainhowanyteachercanbeginteaching

on-linewithTEO.

KahootPrezi

?10:30amto11:30am?3:30pmto4:20pm

?Room601?Room602

KahootsoftwarecanbeusedtocreateUsesofPreziinlisteningandspeaking

grammartestswhichcanbegradedonacoursesdrawstudents'attentiontospeaking

network.Ilcanprovidestudentswithmorefluently.Thepresenterwillshowhow

instantfeedback（反饋），includingstudentscanusePrezitoconfidentlypresent

reportsabouttheirstrengthsandonavarietyoftopics,includingintroducing

weaknesses.family,friends,andhobbies.

56.Nearpodcanbeusedto.

A.offergrammartestsB.teachlisteningon-line

C.helpvocabularylearningD.gainfluencyinspeaking

57.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourspeakingskills,youcangoto.

A.Room501B.Room502C.Room601D.Room602

58.Whichofthefollowingcanassessyourgrammarlearning?

A.Nearpod.B.Kahoot.C.TEO.D.Prezi.

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59.Ateacherwhowantstolearnon-lineteachingiaexpectedtoarriveby.

A.9:00amB.10:30amC.2:00pmD.3:30pm

(2024陜西)Sharewithus

Wouldyouliketohaveyourwritingpublishedinthismagazine?

Then1stusknow!Wepayfbrstories,anecdotesandjokes:

AnecdotesandJokes

$50

What'smadeyoulaughrecently?Afunnysign?Acolleague'sbehaviour?Gotajoke?SenditinfbrLaughteristheBest

Medicine!

Email:Juliet@sws

SmartAnimals

Upto$100

Sendusataleaboutthestrangebehaviourofuniquepetsorwildlifeinup300words.

Email:audry@sws

PowerofLove

Upto$150

Actsofgenerositycanchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfulloflove.Shareyourmoments100—500words.

Email:susan@sws

MyStory

$350

Doyouhaveaninspiringorlife-changingstorytotell?Yourstorymustbetrue,unpublished,originaland800-1(K)0words.

Email:nanjc@sws

Formoreinformation,pleasevisit:://sws./share

46.Howmuchwill(hemagazinepayforajoketobepublished?

A.$50B.$100C.$150D.$350

47.Ifyouwanttoshareastoryofyourpetswiththereaders,youneedtosubmititto.

A.AnecdotesandJokesB.SmartAnimalsC.PowerofLoveD.MyStory

48.Astoryshowingpeople'sgenerosityshouldbeemailedtotheeditorat.

A.juliet@swsB.susan@swsC.Audrey@swsD.nanjc@sws

49.Aninspiringstorysenttothemagazineshould.

A.describestrangebehaviourB.containlessthan800words

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C.berealandoriginalD.bepublishedbefore

（2024江蘇）

VisitorCode

?ArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewZealand

Ifyouarearrivingfromoverseas,bringnofood,animalorplantmaterialintothecountry.IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.

?Protectplantsandanimals

Neverallowdogsorotherpetstorunfreelyinareasofnestingbirds,otherwildlife,orwheresignposted.

?Getridofrubbish

Alwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste（e.g..glass,paper）wherepossible.

?Beconsideratewithotherwaste

Ifusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoilet

wasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterways.

?KeepNewZealand'swaterclean

Becausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways.becarefulyourwashingwaterdoesn'tpollutethesea.lakesandrivers

?Takecarewithfire

Alwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue——makesureashesarccold

beforeleaving.

?Camporpicniccarefully

Whencampingorpicnicking,usefacilitiesprovided.

?Keeptothetrack

Keeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplants.

?Beconsiderate

Whendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.

56.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact.

A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasure

C.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservation

57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?

A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.

C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds

2024全國高考匯編閱讀之科普學(xué)問類

（2024全國2）Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplaya

roleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainst

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you.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopailofdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremerelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleare

oftenlessself-conscious（難為情）whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaccs-andsomorelikelytocatlotsoffood.Ifyourhome

doesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mind（hecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoalemealsinablueroom

consumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmaketoodappearmoreappetizing,

whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.

Don'tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permeal

thanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes,

Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyou

lesslikelycorushthroughameal.

Downsizethedishs,Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga

12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake（攝入）jumpsby14

percent.Andwellpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.

25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout.

A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets

26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.

A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites

27.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A.Eatquickly.B.PIayfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.

28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetest?

A.IsYojrBourseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinner

C.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

（2024福建）Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle.

Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunardempowering!Ofcourseeveryoneknows（hatexerciseisgoodforthebody.

However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it'snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealth

butforpsychologicalhealth.It'sanopportunitytobesocial,releaseendorphins,andimproveyourstrength.Additionally,

groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.Theinstrumental

supportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.

Anotherbeneficialaspectofgroupexerciseistheinformationalsupportparticipantsreceivefromtheinstructor.

Manypeoplefearthegymbecausetheyfeellostanddon'twant（oembarrassthemselves.Ifyoufeelyoucanrelate,

9

thengrouptrainingisanevenbetteroptionforyou.It'sagreatopportunitytolearnmoreaboutfitnessthroughtheclear

instructonandsupervision(HuA)ofafitnessinstructor.Ifyou'retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeand

becomingbored,!youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthat'llkeepyourworkoutontrack.Don'tlet

fitnessfrightenyou!

Ifyou'reseriousaboutwantingloliveahealthylifestyle,it'sextremelyimportantiosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho'll

provideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.Iwouldn'tscoldanyonefordecidingtopartyonweekendsandinturnI

wouldn'texpectanyonetogiveoffencetomeforfocusingonmyhealth.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhouplift,

encourageandunderstandyou!Makefitnessevenmorefunbytryingsomethingneworanygroupfitnessclass,witha

friend.Plantogoforajogtogether.Thentryafunhealthyrestaurantorfreshjuicebar!Fitnesscanbebothfunandsocial!

Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithrespectsupportcanbeverybeneficialwhileworkingtowards

reachinghealthandfitnessgoals.First,decidetodoitforyourselfandworktowardsstayingpositive.Thenmakesurethe

peopleyousurroundyourselfwitharesupportive.Don'tletnegativityruinyourmotivation.

72.Thefirstparagraphfocuseson.

A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseB.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitness

C.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealthD.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups

73.Theunderlinedword"upbeat"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans*'

A.cheerfulB.averageC.seriousD.temporal^)'

74.Whenitcomestoemotionalsupport,theauthorthinksitnecessary.

A.tosustainacolorfullifestyleB.topartyonweekendswithpositivepeople

C.totryafunhealthyrestaurantregularlyD.tosurroundyourselfwithsupportivepeople

75.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SeekingSupportB.SupportingHealthC.ImprovingYourStrengthD.BuildingUpFitness

(2024廣東)DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit'simportanttodistinguishtelevision'sinfluenceson

childrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,fbrproblemsitdoesn'treallycause,overlookingourown

rolesinshapingchildren'sminds.

Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild'sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.While

watchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhidden

meaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,as

manyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,

mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.

Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionis(hatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,the

amountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn'ttaketheplaceofreadingfbrmost

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children;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslike

parents'educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'sreading.**Achild'sreadingabilityisbestpredicted

byhowmuchaparentreads."Andersonsays.

Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQ（智商）scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.But

here,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit'stheotherwayaround.4tIfyou're

smartyoung,you'llwatchlessTVwhenyou'reok^er,^^Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevision

viewers.

Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevision

promotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemned

withoutconsideringotherinfluences.

36.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn.

A.imagesthroughwordsB.morethanexplicitmeanings

C.moreaboutimagesthanwordsD.littleaboutpeople'spsychology

37.Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild.

A.onhisownB.withotherkidsC.withhisparentsD.withhisteachers

38.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren'sreadingability?

A.Radio-listeningB.Television-watching

C.Parents'readinglistD.Parents5educationalbackground

39.Andersonbelievedthat.

A.themoreachildwatchesTV.thesmarterheis

B.theyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesTV

C.thesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV

D.thelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool

40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toadviseon（heeducationaluseofTV.B.TodescribeTV'sharmfulefleetsonchildren.

C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.D.TopresentAnderson'sunconventionalideas.

（2024湖北）Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgesto

standup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere'salwaysatemptation（誘惑）todragitintoproblemswhereit

maynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,

appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.

Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhis

earlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathasscience

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revealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhile

othersaren't?

Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（學(xué)科）.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebook

tobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrockshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox（特另I」規(guī)的），andperhapsunfortunate,

way.Insteadofintroduciingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetrieslomakehispoints,perhapsinorderto

keepthereader'sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearabout

thescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthis

throughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.

Onthewhole,Brooks'sstoryisacccptalbcifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,

somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhis

own.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocial

Animallieeslewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.

67.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrooks'snewbook

C.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?

A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.

69.Whatistheauthor'sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?

A.Conlradiclory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.

70.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks'slifeexperience.

C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks'stranslationskills.

（2024湖南）Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythat

people,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:Amanisstuckupto

hiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,"No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme."

Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage（排水）system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifference

betweentheheightof（hegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraise

thecity.

AnengineernamedEllisChcsbroughconvincedmethecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundand

thencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.

Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburied（hefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingowners

werefacedwithachoice:eitherchange（hefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomain

12

floors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.

Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructureslikeTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?

That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.Toliftabigstructurelike

theTreinontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤頂)beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.One

manwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrew(he

sameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebui