2024年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解技巧

中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解必考題型

方法+真題訓(xùn)練

一.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

（-）題型概述

細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料中某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理

解能力?？疾橹饕譃閮煞N情況：一是直接細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)，其答案幾乎可以直接從原

文中找出來(lái)，考生只要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)照，就能找到答案；

二是隱含細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)，這類(lèi)題雖然不能直接從原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ)，但考生

可根據(jù)文章的隱含意義，如原因、前提或結(jié)果等仔細(xì)推敲，得出正確答案。

（-）解題方法

1.劃關(guān)鍵詞

2.定答題區(qū)間

3.找選項(xiàng)：a.完全對(duì)應(yīng)b.同義替換

（三）真題訓(xùn)練

l.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn'ssituationandinvitedDawn

tomoveinwithherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBumsHighSchool.

Sheworkedfrom6a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.She

sweptfloorsandpickeduptrashagainintheafternoons,before

diving（跳水）intoherstudiesintheevenings.

WhohelpedDawnwhenshefoundherselfhomeless?（）

A.Herteachers.B.Herneighbors.

C.ATigerMom.D.Aschoolbusdriver.

2.1amTurere.IefromKitengela,afarmingmunityontheedge（邊緣）of

NairobiNationalParkofKenya（肯尼亞）.Sincetheageofnine,Ihave

helpedtolookaftermyfamily'scows.Asachild,inmyfreetime,I

enjoyedplayingwithelectronics.Imademyowninventions,suchas

electronictoysfromcarpartsandotherthings.Ialsobuiltotherelectronic

devices(儀器)formyneighbors.

WhatwasTurereinterestedinwhenhewasachild?()

A.Trickingtheneighbors.B.Lookingaftercows.

C.Playingwithelectronics.D.Makingcarparts.

3.Oneday,whilewalkingdownacountryroad,Doynesawalittlegirl

breakinguprocks.Shesoonlearnedthat7-year-oldHimasoldtherocks

tosupportherfamily.Withdeepsadness,shedecidedtopayHima's

tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))forschool.Encouragedbythechangesinthechild,Doyne

thought,“Ifwecanhelponechild,whynot10?”

WhydidHimabreakuptherocks?()

A.Todophysicalexercise.B.Tobuildanewschool.

C.Togetmoneyforherfamily.D.Torepairthecountryroad.

4,Thereweremanybooksintheshop.Mr.Brownwasveryhappythatall

thebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyhim."Wherearetheotherwriters?

books?”heaskedthemanintheshop.Themanlookedupathimand

answered,“Oh,theyareallsoldout.”

AllthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyMr.Brownbecause.

A.themanintheshoponlylikedhisbooks

B.themanintheshopwasMr.Brown'sfriend

C.hisbookswerebetterthantheotherwriters'

D.theotherwriters'bookswereallsoldout

二.推理判斷題

(-)題型概述

此類(lèi)試題要求考生對(duì)文章中的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就

是要運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力推出蘊(yùn)含在文章中卻沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)及暗示的含義。

(二)解題方法

1.針對(duì)特定細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行推理

此類(lèi)試題要求考牛根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇中具體的內(nèi)容和信息點(diǎn)，推斷出文章中具體的細(xì)節(jié)。

解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，一般可根據(jù)短文所提供的某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理和

判斷。

常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Wecaninfer/conclude/leamfromthepassagethat.....

Thepassage/author/paragraphimplies.....

2.對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、傾向、語(yǔ)氣的判斷

根據(jù)文章所提供的背景、人的表情、動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷。另外，作者的觀點(diǎn)

和態(tài)度在文章的首段或尾段一般表現(xiàn)得最為明顯?？忌攸c(diǎn)理解首尾段，提

煉作者的觀點(diǎn)。

常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...

a）positivesupportiveagreeoptimistic....

b）negativedisagreecriticaldoubtful....

c）objectiveuncertain

Howdidthewriterfeelabout.....

3.根據(jù)文章體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章出處

此類(lèi)題目可以根據(jù)文章的用詞和格式，推斷文章的出處。如：報(bào)紙前會(huì)出現(xiàn)日

期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；廣告的用詞和格式都很特殊。

常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom.....

（三）真題訓(xùn)練

l.Adoctorenteredthehospitalhurriedlyafterbeingcalledinforan

importantsurgery（外科手術(shù)）.Hefoundtheboy'sfatherinthehall

waitingworriedly.

Onseeinghim,thefathercriedout,“Whydidyoutakeallthistimetoe?

Don'tyouknowthatmysonisindanger?Don'tyouhaveanysenseof

duty?”

Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry.Iwasn,tinthehospitalandI

cameasfastasIcouldafterreceivingthecallandnow,Iwishyou'd

calmdownsothatIcandomywork.”

Thefathershoutedatthedoctorbecausehethought.

A.hehadwaitedtoolongB.noonecaredfbrhisson

C.thedoctorwascoldtohimD.thesurgerytookalongtime

2.ThisiswhyIamwritingtoyoufrommyhospitalbedwithtwobroken

legsandaweakhead.IdidnotwinanythingattheOlympicsafterall.I

needthefactorytobuildmetwonewlegsandanevenbiggerhead.Then

Iwillbeabletopeteoncemore.Let'shopefbrgreatersuccessinthe

nextOlympics!

Howishefeelingnow?()

A.Fullofhope.B.Unsureabouthimself.

C.Heart-broken.D.Satisfiedwithhisresultthisyear.

3,“Couldn'thewaitsomeminutessothatIcanaskaboutmyson's

state?”shoutedthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthe

doctorleft.

Thenurseanswered,tearsingdownherface."Hissondiedyesterdayin

aroadaccident.Hewasattheburial(葬禮)whenwecalledhimfbryour

son'ssurgery.Andnowthathesavedyourson'slife,heleftrunningto

finishhisson'sburial.”

Howmightthefatherfeelafterheknewthetruth?()

A.Angry.B.Excited.C.Sorry.D.Doubtful.

三.詞義猜測(cè)題

(-)題型概述

此類(lèi)題目在設(shè)置時(shí)，需要猜測(cè)的詞匯大都為生難詞匯?？忌枰攸c(diǎn)掌握根據(jù)

上下文推測(cè)生詞或短語(yǔ)意思的技巧。

常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“XXX”meaninChinese/the

passage?

Thewordrefersto/probablymeans...

（二）解題方法

1.通過(guò)定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

定義或解釋形式多樣，常由thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,call,mean,be

consideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等詞匯或破折號(hào)來(lái)表示。

2.通過(guò)舉例猜測(cè)詞義

恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠?yàn)椴聹y(cè)生詞提供重要的線索。比如根據(jù)suchas,forexample,

like等詞的前后，或者是破折號(hào)前后的內(nèi)容來(lái)猜測(cè)劃線詞的意思。

3.通過(guò)同義詞或近義詞猜測(cè)詞義

在文章中，有時(shí)作者為了避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類(lèi)，使用同

義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞或近義詞的關(guān)系由熟悉

的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)推測(cè)不熟悉詞語(yǔ)的含義。

通過(guò)同義詞或近義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy

andgay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是〃愉快的〃的意思；二

是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞。

4.通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)詞義

根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境暗示，運(yùn)用邏輯推理來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞詞義

5.通過(guò)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義

有些生同我們可以利用科普知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)推測(cè)其含義。己有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)或常

識(shí)，往往會(huì)給閱讀后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于己有的，推測(cè)陌生的，這

就上升到了能力的提高，使生詞的破解成為了可能。

（三）真題訓(xùn)練

1.Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks.Thatmeans

theyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis（分析）.Buthoweverbiga

taskis,teachersalwaysgivefeedback（反饋）tohelpstudentsfindthe

areaswheretheycanimprove.

Theunderlinedword"extended”inthisparagraphprobablymeans

*

A.擴(kuò)展的B.特別的C.困難的D.實(shí)用的

2.Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100

guests.Howshouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejob

donemostefficiently(高效上也)？Insituationslikethis,theabilitytothink

logicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswerandsolveyourproblem.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword,resources”meaninthepassage?

()

A.科目B.效率C.信息D.資源

3.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.Itisgoodtoknowthatour

brainis“l(fā)ookingoutforus“inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwith

sleep.Thatbrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesit

hardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwellrestedinthe

morning.

Theunderlinedword“calming”hastheclosestmeaningto“”

A.pleasingB.differentC.seriousD.strange

4.Thepenisveryutilitarian.Wecannotsignabillorwritealetteror

buyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameis

writtenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudents

taketheirexaminationswithitaswell.

Theunderlinedword“utilitarian”inthepassagemeans

A.cheapB.boringC.specialD.useful

5.Workwithaveteranvolunteer.Hevolunteeredalot,hecanhelpyou

increasetheconfidenceandpletelyunderstandtheorganization's

expectations.

Theunderlinedword“veteran”inthepassagemeans"

A.politeB.humorousC.youngD.experienced

6.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinhospitalneedmorethanmedicine.

Hesawunhappyandlonelypeople,andhetriedtohelpthemaspatients,

butaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital,

andoftenputaspecialrednoseonhisfacetolooklikeaclownandto

makethechildrenlaugh.

Whatdoestheunderlinedworduclown,9inthispassageprobably

mean?()

A.木偶B.小丑C.外星人D.蜘蛛俠

四.主旨大意題

(-)題型概述

主旨大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章內(nèi)容或段落內(nèi)容進(jìn)行

歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解答這類(lèi)題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)就斷章取義。

在涉及文章的主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問(wèn)題時(shí)，，

需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行

邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。

常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式

Whatdoesthetext/passage(mainly)tellus?

Whatisthetextmainlvabout?

Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

(-)真題訓(xùn)練

l.MrBrownisascienceteacher.Onedayhewantedtoshowsomething

importanttohisstudents.

Theteachertookalargemouthbottle.①Heaskedtheclass,"Is

thebottlefullnow?”Theyallreplied,"Yes!”

Theteacherthentooksomesmallrocksandputthemintothebottle.

②Thesmallrockswentintothespacesbetweenthebigrocks.He

thenasked,"Isitfull?”Thistimesomestudentsdidn'tgiveananswer,

butmostreplied,nYes!”

Theteacherthenstartedtodropsomesandintothebottle.Thesandfilled

upthespacesbetweenthesmallrocks.③Forthethirdtime,the

teacherasked,"Isitfull?nNowmoststudentsweredoubting,butstill,

somereplied,nYes!”

Thentheteacherbroughtoutacupofwaterintothebottle.④

"Whafsthepointofthisshow?"askedtheteacher.Onebrightstudent

answered,“Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youcanalwaysfindtimetodo

somemorethings/*

MNo,”saidtheteacher.nThepointisthatifyoudon'tplacethebigrocks

intothebottlefirst,you'llnevergetthemin.Thebigrocksarethe

importantthingsinyourlife.Ifyoufillyourlifewithsmallthingsas

shownbythesmallrocks,thesandandthewateryoullneverhavethe

timefortheimportantthings.n

Fromthepassagewelearnthat()

A.youshoulddosmallthingsfirstinyourlife

B.youshoulddoimportantthingsandsmallthingsatthesametime

C.youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethingsifyouwanttodo

them

D.you*llneverhavetimeforsomethingimportantifyourlifeisfilled

withsmallthings

2.Somefriendsinviteyouoverandserveyouadeliciousdinner.

Someonelendsyouhiscarwhilethere*ssomethingwrongwithyours.

Youaresick,andafriendbringsyouamealandcaresforyou.

Howdoyoushowyourgratitude(感謝)？

Sometimessimplysayingthankyouisenough.Atothertimes,itis

thoughtfultosaythankyouinamoredifferentway.Besuretotellthat

personwhatyouaregratefulforandwhyyouaregrateful.

Herearesomemonwaystosaythankyou.

Youcanwriteathank——younote.Peopleareverybusythesedays.A

handwrittennoteshowsyoutookthetimetotellsomeoneyouare

gratefultohimorher.Oryoucancallandt