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?專題30上海高考詞匯填空命題剖析及解題方略_________________________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【考情鏈接】◆近年高考選詞文章分析選詞填空題文體以說(shuō)明文為主題材內(nèi)容以科普文為主,但內(nèi)容各不相同,覆蓋人文、健康、科技、氣候、概念等方方面面。◆近年高考選詞詞匯分析2014年A.alertB.classifyC.mitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.imposeG.labelsH.moderationI.relieve J.signalsK.simply2015年A.accessB.alternativesC.designedD.confirmedE.conflictingF.elementsG.functionH.innovativeI.prospectiveJ.separateK.supporting2016年A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.directG.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeeze2017年春考A.acknowledgementB.actuallyC.monlyD.confirmE.consciousF.crackG.eliminateH.independentI.logJ.shortcutK.unimaginative2017年秋考aggressivelyB.challenging
C.considerableD.establishedE.
favorF.
initiatedG.locallyH.prioritizing
I.
sourceJ.transferred
K.volume2018年春考A.addressB.fascinationC.governed D.imposing E.offensiveF.originallyG.overlooking H.rebellionI.reminder J.randomlyK.swept 2018年秋考Amitted
B.pared
C.contact
D.delegation
E.destructiveF.humbleG.
negotiate
H.respelled
I.similar
J.superiors
K.witnessed主要考察實(shí)詞,為名詞,動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞;動(dòng)詞是考察重點(diǎn),尤其是動(dòng)詞的分詞變形為主;所以動(dòng)詞時(shí)語(yǔ)態(tài)與非謂語(yǔ)是高中語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。名詞與形容詞為次重點(diǎn),每年都有考察;對(duì)于名詞與形容詞在句中所起作用與相互修飾須要學(xué)生熟練掌握。副詞考察較少,難度不大。它在句中的位置靈活,功能強(qiáng)大。每年都會(huì)考察考綱詞匯的派生詞,如標(biāo)粗處。要注意積累派生詞?!疽c(diǎn)梳理】詞性考察考點(diǎn)分析做題技巧名詞1、主要考察名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)2、注意名詞也可作前置定語(yǔ)1、先判斷方框單詞的詞性詞義,注意一詞多性和一詞多義。2、精讀第一句,掌握文章主題。3、根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)確定被填入空格詞的詞性,縮小范圍。4、根據(jù)文章理解確定答案。5、仔細(xì)檢查,最終敲定答案。動(dòng)詞do/does形式:1、句子缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可根據(jù)“謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)=連詞數(shù)+1”規(guī)則判斷2、注意三單和動(dòng)詞及物不及物doing形式:1、可能是動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞2、動(dòng)名詞主要考察作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)3、現(xiàn)在分詞主要考察作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ),注意分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)情況done形式:1、可能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及過(guò)去分詞2、若空格前有be動(dòng)詞,要根據(jù)句意判斷是被動(dòng)還是表狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞3、過(guò)去分詞主要考察作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ),注意分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)情況,注意單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)的情況,如:left,saved,remained,gained等形容詞單個(gè)形容詞作前置定語(yǔ),形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)副詞句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整時(shí)用副詞,位置可放句首,句中,句末解題步驟:第一步,判斷方框內(nèi)單詞詞性有些詞具有多個(gè)詞性,不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞要看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中,
前綴區(qū)分意思,
后綴區(qū)分詞性。所以看詞尾往往能大致分出詞性。詞性無(wú)法確定的,
暫時(shí)擱置第二步,略讀抓中心。略讀文章,細(xì)讀文章首句,快速掌握文章的主題詞與了解文章大致內(nèi)容。第三步,填詞入空。分為三小步:1、確認(rèn)空處可填詞性,2、同性詞篩選,3、按邏輯關(guān)系代入確認(rèn)答案。_____優(yōu)選操優(yōu)選操練【真題回顧】2022年1月上海高考英語(yǔ)真題Directions:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyoucharacteristicsB.diverseC.employD.functionEissueF.IntegrationhitH.militaryI.potentialJ.schemesK.wearersFutureFashion:BiometricBodysuitsAteamoftheAppliedNanoBioscienceCenteratArizonaStateUniversityhasbuiltprototypes(原型)ofbiometricbodysuits.Theycandetectchemicalattacks,deliverdrugstotheir(31)________,orevenperfumescentsifyourbodytemperaturerisestoomuch.The(32)________versionoftheScentsoryChameleonBodysuitincorporatesfuelcellstoprovidealightweightsourceofpowerforthesoldier'sequipment.Thecivilianonecanmonitoryourheartorbloodpressure,deliverinteractivegamesorsimplyworkasawearableputer.YouwillevenbeabletodownloadnewcolorsandpatternsfromtheWebtochangeyourappearanceaccordingtothisarticlefromEastValleyTribuneinArizona.Bothversionsshould(33)______themarketwithinafewyears.FredereZenhausen,directoroftheAppliedNanoBioscienceCenteratASU,hasjoinedwithGhassanJabbour,aprofessorattheUniversityofArizona,todeveloptwoprototypesof"Biometricbodysuits"thatcontainembeddedsensors,powersources,microfluidicdevicesandothergadgetsnotnormallyassociatedwiththelatestParisfashions.Such"smart"clothingcould(34)__________futuresoldiersearlywaningofchemicalattacksorautomaticallydeliverinsulintodiabetics,Zenhausemnsaid"ThebiometricbodysuitshowshowelectronicsandFuidies(流體學(xué))canbeincorporatedintoclothingtoperformawiderangeof(35)______tasks,fromhighlyfunctionaltotheaesthetic"hesaid.ThecivilianChameleonwillhavesomewhatdifferent(36)____________.Itsbiometricoutfitdemonstrateshowminiatureelectronicscouldbeembeddedinclothingtopromotehealthismadeofclearvinyl(乙烯基)andwhiteplasticstoshowtheplacementofvariouselectronicandfuidicdevices.Inthefuturesuchanoutfitcoulddiagnosediseasesanddelivermedicationstothewearer,monitorheartrateorbloodpressure,deliverinteractivegamesandotherformsofentertainmentor(37)___________asawearableputer.AnotherpossibilitywouldbetodownloaddifferentdesignsfromtheInternetsothefabriccouldchangecolorsindpatterns,Zenhausernsuid.Andifcouldallbemadetolookstylishbythe(38)________ofelectronicsandhighfashiondesigns,hesaid.Infact,theconceptofembeddingmicroelectronicsinfabricshas(39)_____________farbeyondclothing.SheilaKennedy,anBostonbasedarchitectandvisitingprofessorattheHarvardUniversallyGraduateSchoolofDesign,seespossibilitiesto(40)__________thetechnologyinbuildingdesign.Asanexample,shesaidwindowshadescontainingorganiclightemittingdiodes(二極管)couldproduceelectricityfromsunlightthatwouldhelpgeneratepower.【答案】3140KHGEBADFIC【詳解】31.K【解析】結(jié)合該空前提及的AteamoftheAppliedNanoBioscienceCenteratArizonaStateUniversityhasbuiltprototypes(原型)ofbiometricbodysuits可知,此處講述內(nèi)容與“生物識(shí)別緊身衣”相關(guān),再結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)分析,可推知此處想要表述的是“這種衣服可以檢測(cè)到化學(xué)攻擊,甚至在體溫過(guò)高時(shí),可以給他們的穿戴者(wearers)送藥物,甚至是香水”,故選K。wearers
n.穿用者;佩戴者。32.H【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,此處需要填入形容詞,再結(jié)合該空之后提及的
toprovidealightweightsourceofpowerforthesoldier’sequipment可知,此處提到了“士兵”,即該空與軍隊(duì)有關(guān),分析選項(xiàng)推知,此處想要表述的是“軍用版的(military)Scentsory變色龍連體衣采用了燃料電池,為士兵的裝備提供了一種輕質(zhì)的電源”,故選H。military
adj.軍事的;軍用的;n.軍人;軍隊(duì);武裝力量。33.G【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,此處should之后應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形,結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)分析,hit符合文章所要表述的“這兩個(gè)版本都將在幾年內(nèi)打入市場(chǎng)”,hitthemarket為固定搭配,意為“沖擊市場(chǎng)/打入市場(chǎng)/上市”,故選G。hit
v.打;撞擊;進(jìn)攻。34.E【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形,再結(jié)合首段提及的Theycandetectchemicalattacks以及該空后提及的earlywarningofchemicalattacksorautomaticallydeliverinsulintodiabetics可推知,此處想要表述的是“這種“智能”服裝可以向未來(lái)的士兵發(fā)出化學(xué)攻擊的早期警告”,根據(jù)相關(guān)選項(xiàng)分析,issue有“發(fā)出”之意,故選E。issue
n.問(wèn)題;發(fā)行;期號(hào);子嗣;v.發(fā)布;發(fā)出(發(fā)表;供給;出版。35.B【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,此處需要填入形容詞修飾tasks,再結(jié)合該空前awiderangeof的限制和修飾,可推知,此處想要表述的是“生物識(shí)別緊身衣展示了電子和流體技術(shù)(流體學(xué))
可以結(jié)合到服裝中,以執(zhí)行從高度功能到審美的各種不同的(diverse)任務(wù)”,故選B。diverse
adj.形形色色的;不同的。36.A【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,此處需要填入名詞,再結(jié)合上文對(duì)軍用智能服裝的表述以及此處對(duì)民用智能服裝的表述,可推知,此處主要是想表述“民用智能服裝存在一些不同的特征(characteristics)”,故選A。characteristics
n.特性;特征;獨(dú)特性。37.D【解析】根據(jù)該空前提及的suchanoutfitcoulddiagnosediseasesanddelivermedicationstothewearer,monitorheartrateorbloodpressure,deliverinteractivegamesandotherformsofentertainment等相關(guān)內(nèi)容,可知此處主要在說(shuō)明這一裝備所具有的一些功能,再結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,該空處需要填入動(dòng)詞。因此,結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)合上文內(nèi)容推知,此處想要表述的是“在未來(lái),這樣的裝備可以診斷疾病,向佩戴者提供藥物,監(jiān)測(cè)心率或血壓,提供互動(dòng)游戲和其他形式的娛樂(lè),或作為可穿戴電腦進(jìn)行工作(function)”,故選D。function
n.功能;v.發(fā)揮功能。38.F【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,此處需要填入名詞,再結(jié)合該空之前提及的stylish和該空之后提及的electronicsandhighfashiondesigns可推知,這里想要將兩者整合使之變得時(shí)尚,即此處想要表述的是“通過(guò)電子產(chǎn)品和高級(jí)時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)合(integration),它可以看起來(lái)很時(shí)尚”,故選F。integration
n.結(jié)合;整合;一體化。39.I【解析】結(jié)合該空之后提及的farbeyondclothing以及下文講述的關(guān)于將這一技術(shù)使用于建筑領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中的可能性,可推知,此處想要表述的是“事實(shí)上,在織物中嵌入微電子的概念所擁有的潛力(potential)遠(yuǎn)不止于服裝”,故選I。potential
adj.潛在的;n.潛力;可能性。40.C【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),此處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形,結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容以及該段所舉的例子Asanexample,shesaidwindowshadescontainingorganiclightemittingdiodescouldproduceelectricityfromsunlightthatwouldhelpgeneratepower可知,這里講述了相關(guān)技術(shù)在建筑領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)用,即推知此處想要表述的是“她看到了在建筑設(shè)計(jì)中采用(employ)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的可能性”,故選C。employ
v.雇用;采用;利用。2022年7月上海高考英語(yǔ)真題Directions:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouApursuitsB.interestsCparableD.innovationE.scheduleF.optionsG.realizationHroutesI.subjectsJ.recipesK.motivatedCreativityIsaHumanQualityThatExistsinUSWhenyouthinkaboutcreativity,itmightbehighlycreativepeoplelikeMozart,daVinciorEinsteinwhospringtomind.Theywereallconsideredtobe"Geniuses”fortheirsomewhatuniquetalentsthatledtoglobal(31)______intheirfields.Theirtypeofcreativityiswhat'sknownas"BigCcreativity”(orhistorical)andisnotverymonineverydaylife.Notallofuscancreateworksofartormusicorscientifictheoriesthatarenewtotheworld.Butwhilewecan’tallbeMozart,daVinciorEinstein,manypeopledoenjoycreativeactivitythroughhobbiessuchaswatercolourpaintingorplayingthepiano.Andthesetypesof(32)______areoftenwhatpeoplethinkofwhenaskedwhatbeingcreativelookslike.Ourfinishedpiecesmaynotbe(33)_______withthelikesofthegreatmasters,butoftentheprocessistherapeuticandtheendresultcanbeaestheticallypleasing.Ontopofhobbiesand(34)_______,weallpossesscreativeattributesthatcanhelpaswesolvelife'sproblemsandmakedecisions.Itisthistypeofcreativitythatenablesustoplandifferent(35)_________togettothesamedestination,orhowtofitinatriptothesupermarketwhenour(36)________looksfull.Itmightnotsoundverycreative,butthisaspectofcreativityreliesonourabilitytoconsider(37)________andassesstheirsuitability,aswellashowtomakedecisionsbasedonpersonalpriorexperienceorwhatwehavelearntformallyorinformally.Theseexamplesareknownas"SmallCcreativity”or“personaleverydaycreativity.WhileBigCcreativityisvaluedandcelebrated,ItisoftenSmallCcreativitythathasallowedhumanstoflourishoverthousandsofyears.itsetsusapartfromotheranimalsanditisalsothetypeofcreativitywhichcanbefosteredthroughoureducationsystemandbeyondintotheworkplace.Traditionally,researchtellsusthatcreativityhasbeenlargelyassociatedwiththearts.Ourpreviousresearchhasshownthatteachersareoftenabletogiveexamplesofcreativeactivityinarts(38)________,butfindithardertodosowhenaskedtodescribecreativityinsubjectssuchasscience.Butthereisagrowing(39)_______thatopportunitiestobecreativearefoundacrossabroaderrangeofsubjects.Forinstance,engineeringprovidesopportunitiestobecreativethroughproblemsolving.andhistorygivestheopportunitytothinkcreativelyaboutwhyeventshappened,andwhat(40)________thoseinvolved.【答案】3140DACBHLFIGK31D【解析】此處的形容詞global(全球的)應(yīng)修飾名詞,結(jié)合前面提到的“當(dāng)你想到創(chuàng)造力時(shí),你可能會(huì)想到像莫扎特、達(dá)芬奇或愛(ài)因斯坦這樣極具創(chuàng)造力的人。他們都被認(rèn)為是“天才”,因?yàn)樗麄冇行┆?dú)特的才能”,這里講的是創(chuàng)造力,分析選項(xiàng),只有“innovation"符合語(yǔ)境及邏輯。此處句意為“他們都被認(rèn)為是“天才”,因?yàn)樗麄冇行┆?dú)特的才能,導(dǎo)致了他們所在領(lǐng)域的全球創(chuàng)新(innovation)”,故選D。innovationn.創(chuàng)新。32A【解析】該空對(duì)應(yīng)的是前面提到的“hobbiessuchaswatercolourpaintingorplayingthepiano.”,分析選項(xiàng)可知“水彩畫(huà)或彈鋼琴”可以說(shuō)是“追求”,句意為:當(dāng)被間及創(chuàng)造力是什么樣子時(shí),人們通常會(huì)想到這些類型的追求(pursuits)。故選A。pursuitsn.追求。33.C【解析】此處考查固定搭配beparablewith(與...可比較的,比得上...的),此處旬意為“我們完成的作品可能無(wú)法與大師們的作品相提并論(parable),但通常這個(gè)過(guò)程是有益的,最終的結(jié)果是令人賞心悅目的",故選C。parabledj,可比的,可比較的。34B【解析】該空與hobbies并列,且它們的意思應(yīng)該是相近的,分析選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選“interests”。句意為“除了愛(ài)好和興趣(interests),我們都擁有創(chuàng)造性的屬性,可以幫助我們解決生活中的問(wèn)題和做決定”,故選B。interestsn,興趣。35.H【解析】根據(jù)后面的"togettothesamedestination(到達(dá)同一個(gè)目的地)”可以反推出我們需要先計(jì)劃路線,此處句意為“正是這種創(chuàng)造力使我們能夠計(jì)劃不間的路線(routes)到達(dá)同一個(gè)目的地”,故選H。routesn路線:路途。36E【解析】分析透項(xiàng)可知“當(dāng)我們的時(shí)間表看起來(lái)很滿時(shí)”符合語(yǔ)境及邏輯,此處句意為"或者當(dāng)我們的時(shí)間表(schedule)看起來(lái)很滿時(shí)如何安排去超市的旅行”,放選E。schedule,計(jì)劃(表),進(jìn)度表:時(shí)間表。37F【解析】分析選項(xiàng),根據(jù)后面的"aswellashowtomakedecisionsbiasedonpersonalpriorexperienceorwhatwehavelearntformallyorinformally(以及如何根據(jù)個(gè)人之前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或我們正式或非正式地學(xué)到的知識(shí)做出決定)”可以推測(cè)出我們考慮的是“選擇”,句意為:這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能不是很有創(chuàng)意,但這方面的創(chuàng)造力依賴于我們考慮選擇(options)和評(píng)估其適用性的能力,以及如何根據(jù)個(gè)人之前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或我們正式或非正式地學(xué)到的知識(shí)做出決定。故選F。optionsn.可選擇的事物:選擇,選擇權(quán)。38.1【解析】根據(jù)后面的“butfindithardertodosowhenaskedtodescribecreativityinsubjectssuchasscience"可知此處應(yīng)為“subjects”。句意為“我們之前的研究表明。教師通常能夠給出藝術(shù)科目(subjects)中創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)的例子,但當(dāng)被要求描述科學(xué)等科目中的創(chuàng)造性時(shí),他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到這一點(diǎn)",故選1。subjectsn學(xué)科:科目:主題。39.G【解析】分析選項(xiàng),“創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)在更廣泛的學(xué)科中存在“屬于一種”認(rèn)識(shí)。意識(shí)",此處句意為“但人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到(realization),創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)在更廣泛的學(xué)科中存在",故選G。realizationn.認(rèn)識(shí),領(lǐng)悟。40K【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此空是一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),應(yīng)選motivated。此處句意為“例如,工程學(xué)提供了通過(guò)解決問(wèn)題來(lái)發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì),而歷史則提供了機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)創(chuàng)造性地思考事件發(fā)生的原因,以及是什么激發(fā)了(motivated)參與者”,故選K。motivatedv.成為……的動(dòng)機(jī),是……的原因;激勵(lì),激發(fā)。_____好題必好題必測(cè)(2022·上海市復(fù)旦中學(xué)??迹〥irections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.defensively
B.exited
C.initiatively
D.landscape
E.respond
F.thoughtG.towered
H.unaffected
I.uninhabited
J.weling
K.windingDangerinthedesertThatdayweweredeepinChile’sAtacamaDesert.Therethe____1____
couldoftenbeparedtoMars.Ourteamoffourfemalemicrobiologistswatchedasacarfullofcuriousmenpulledupbesideus.Becausewewerestrangersina(n)
____2____place,ourmindsimmediatelyjumpedtowayswecouldprotectourselves.So,____3____,ourChileanfellowguideliftedthestrongtoolshe’dbeenusingtodigupplantroots.Therestofustriedtolookbraverthanwefelt.WehadetothisdeserttoconductDNAstudiesongianthorsetailsthatsomehowgrowwellinoneofEarth’sdriestplaces.Weweresearchingforplantsinthemostremotelocations,wheretheywouldbe____4____byhumanactivitiessuchasminingandagriculture.We’dbeenwarnedthatthetripcouldbedangerous.Becauseweweretravelingsofarfromfuelsources,weweretoldtotakealongacanofgas.Ourdestinationwasattheendofa(n)____5____
singlelanedirtroadlinedwithburnedoutvehiclesthathadnotsuccessfullynegotiatedthesteepdownslope.Oursamplesitewasnearavillage,andthepeoplemightnot,weweretold,____6____positivelytous.Wewereinstructedtoreportourtravelplansatthenearestpolicestationsothatsearchpartieswouldknowwheretolookforusifwedisappeared.Wehadfoundtheamazingplantsandtheirbrightgreenstocks
____7____
overourheads.Theyarousedthe____8____
ofancientwetlandplants.Themenapproachedaswefinishedcollectingoursamples.Wewaitedtenselyasaman____9____
thecarandwalkedtowardus.Tooursurpriseandrelief,hepolitelyinvitedustovisittheirvillage—theywantedtoshowusalovelychurchofwhichtheywereproud.Thatday,welearnedaboutmorethanthemicrobiomesthathelpdesertplantsgrowwell.Wealsometa(n)
_____10_____
munitywhohadlikewisebeautifullyadaptedtotheirchallenginghome.【答案】1.D
2.I
3.A
4.H
5.K
6.E
7.G
8.F
9.B
10.J【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了我們深入到智利的阿塔卡馬沙漠深處指導(dǎo)巨型馬尾植物的基因研究并且拜訪了當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f的故事。1.考查名詞。句意:那里的風(fēng)景通常被比喻成火星。根據(jù)前面的冠詞the可知,空格處應(yīng)填名詞,landscape“風(fēng)景”為不可數(shù)名詞,符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)。2.考查形容詞。句意:因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)無(wú)人居住的地方我們都是陌生人,我們?cè)陬^腦中立刻想到了保護(hù)自我的方法。根據(jù)空后的place,可知空處需要填形容詞,uninhabited“無(wú)人居住的”符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。3.考查副詞。句意:所以,作為防御,我們的智利導(dǎo)游舉起了她一直用來(lái)挖植物根莖的結(jié)實(shí)工具。分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)為句子的修飾成分,副詞defensively“防御地”,修飾句子作狀語(yǔ),符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。4.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:我們?cè)谧钇h(yuǎn)的地方尋找植物,在那里它們不受人類活動(dòng)比如采礦和農(nóng)業(yè)的影響。結(jié)合be和by可知,空處填過(guò)去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),unaffected“不受影響”符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)。5.考查形容詞。句意:我們的目的地在一條蜿蜒的單車道的土路上,那里并排著很多因?yàn)槲茨茼樌ㄟ^(guò)陡峭的下坡而被燒毀的車輛。根據(jù)后文“singlelanedirtroad”可知,空格處需要填形容詞作定語(yǔ),winding“蜿蜒的”為形容詞,符合句意。故選K項(xiàng)。6.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:我們的抽樣地點(diǎn)在一個(gè)村莊的附近,我們被告知那里的人們有可能不會(huì)積極地回應(yīng)我們。根據(jù)前文“mightnot”可知,空格處需要填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,respond“回應(yīng)”為動(dòng)詞,且情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后填動(dòng)詞原形。故選E項(xiàng)。7.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了神奇的植物并且它們明亮綠色的根莖高過(guò)我們的頭頂。分析句子可知,空格處填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意空格處需要填一般過(guò)去時(shí),towered“高出”為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,符合句意。故選G項(xiàng)。8.考查名詞。句意:它們讓我們想起了古代的濕地植物。根據(jù)前面的冠詞the和后文“ofancientwetlandplants.”可知,空格處應(yīng)填名詞單數(shù),thought“想法”為名詞單數(shù),符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。9.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:我們緊張地等待著,這時(shí)一個(gè)男人下了汽車走向我們時(shí)。根據(jù)后文“andwalked”可知,空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞和walked并列,exited“退出”為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式,符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。10.考查形容詞。句意:我們也遇到了一個(gè)受人歡迎的群體他們可能完美地適應(yīng)了他們充滿挑戰(zhàn)的家園。根據(jù)后文名詞“munity”可知,空格處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語(yǔ),weling“受歡迎的”為形容詞,符合句意。故選J項(xiàng)。(2022秋·上海浦東華師大二附中高三??迹〥irections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Bachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.stimulating
B.passionate
C.capacity
D.a(chǎn)ssociated
E.deliberately
F.resolute
G.satisfying
H.sweat
I.breeds
J.registers
K.subjectedFindyourhappyplace:Howtooutsmart(智勝)stressIfyourealltoofamiliarwiththephysicalsenseofbeingstressed,itmaybetimetomakesomechanges.Overtime,thiscannegativelyaffectyourbody,leadingtofatigueandheadaches.Hereareafewwaysthatresearchsuggestscanhelpyoukeepcalmandcarryon.Workupa___11___.Whenwe'restressed,thepartofourbrainthat___12___fearlightsuplikeafireworksdisplay.Regularexercisecanprovidea(n)____13____releaseforfrustrationandothernegativefeelings.Itmayreducestresshormones,anditcantrigger(激發(fā))yourbodytoreleasefeelgoodchemicalsthatcanhelpboostyourmood.BedecisiveWefacedozensofchoiceseveryday,andeachoftheminvolvesourmental____14____andrequiresustomakeadecision.Itturnsoutthatbeinggoodatmakingdecisionsmaybegoodforourhealtii.Researchshowsthatdecisivepeoplemayhavelowerlevelsofthestresshormonecortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)thanpoordecisionmakers.Wanttobemore___15___?Simplifyyourdecisionsbyfocusingonfacts,soyouunderstandwhat'sreallyatstake.ReframeproblemsasopportunitiesBottlingupyourfeelings___16___anxiety.Thenexttimeyou’resweatingsomething,pauseandaskyourself:Whatarethepositives?HowcanIlookatthisasa(n)____17____challengeratherthanaproblem?Changingthewayyoulodeatasituationcanhelpyourespondalessstressfulway.SeeeveryglassasatleasthalffullAreyouapessimist?.Chancesareyoucanchangeyouroutlookthroughyourexperiences.Thebeststrategyisto____18____avoidotherpessimists,andsurroundyourselfwithoptimistswhosepositivevibesareinfectious.'Ifsalsoimportanttofeelasifyouhaveapurposeeverydaywhetherthatesfromyourwork,familyandfriendsoranactivity.Havingsomethingthatyou’re____19____about,andachievinggoals_____20_____withit,canhelpmanypeoplehaveamoreoptimisticoutlook.【答案】11.H
12.J
13.G
14.C
15.F
16.I
17.A
18.E
19.B
20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何戰(zhàn)勝壓力。11.考查名詞。句意:出一身汗。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,這里主要介紹通過(guò)鍛煉緩解壓力,即“出一身汗”。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。名詞sweat為“汗水”之意,符合句意。故選H。12.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)我們感到壓力時(shí),大腦中記錄恐懼的部分就會(huì)像煙花表演一樣亮起來(lái)。從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。陳述客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。關(guān)系代詞that代指先行詞thepartofourbrain,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞register為“記錄”之意,符合句意。故選J。13.考查形容詞。句意:有規(guī)律的鍛煉可以讓沮喪和其他負(fù)面情緒得到滿意的釋放。名詞release前用形容詞修飾。形容詞satisfying為“令人滿意的”之意,符合句意。故選G。14.考查名詞。句意:我們每天面臨幾十個(gè)選擇,每一個(gè)都涉及到我們的心智能力,需要我們做出決定。形容詞mental后接名詞形式。名詞capacity為“能力”之意,符合句意。故選C。15.考查形容詞。句意:想要更堅(jiān)決?句中用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。形容詞resolute為“堅(jiān)決的;果斷的”之意,符合句意。故選F。16.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:壓抑你的感情會(huì)滋生焦慮。句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。陳述客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞breed為“引起,產(chǎn)生”之意,符合句意。故選I。17.考查形容詞。句意:我怎樣才能把這看作是一個(gè)令人振奮的挑戰(zhàn),而不是一個(gè)問(wèn)題?名詞challenge前用形容詞修飾。形容詞stimulating為“令人興奮的”之意,符合句意。故選A。18.考查副詞。句意:最好的策略是刻意避開(kāi)其他悲觀主義者,讓自己周圍都是樂(lè)觀主義者,他們的積極情緒是有感染力的。修飾動(dòng)詞avoid,用副詞形式。副詞deliberately為“故意地”之意,符合句意。故選E。19.考查形容詞。句意:擁有你熱愛(ài)的東西,并實(shí)現(xiàn)與之相關(guān)的目標(biāo),可以幫助許多人擁有更樂(lè)觀的前景。短語(yǔ)bepassionateabout,表示“對(duì)……充滿熱情”。形容詞passionate為“熱情的;激情的”之意,符合句意。故選B。20.考查形容詞。句意:擁有你熱愛(ài)的東西,并實(shí)現(xiàn)與之相關(guān)的目標(biāo),可以幫助許多人擁有更樂(lè)觀的前景。短語(yǔ)beassociatedwith,表示“與……相聯(lián)系”,在句中作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞goals。形容詞associated為“聯(lián)合的;相關(guān)的”之意,符合句意。故選D。(2023·上海市復(fù)興高級(jí)中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.characteristicB.blameC.slaveD.AcceptingE.orientedF.remainingG.properlyH.behaviorsI.surpriseJ.resistK.consistentlyAnAmericanresearcherwhostudied600millionairesfoundhowrichyoucangetesdownto6“wealthfactors“.Shefoundthatsixbehaviorsarerelatedtonetworthpotential,regardlessofageorine.Thesewerethriftiness,confidence,responsibility,planning,focusandsocialindifference.Beingthriftyesasnogreat____21____.“Spendingaboveyourmeans,spendinginsteadofsavingforretirement,spendinginanticipationofbeingwealthymakesyoua____22____tothepaycheck,evenwithanastronomicallevelofine,”shewrote.Toproperlybuildwealth,expertsremendsaving20%yourineandlivingoffthe____23____80%.Havingconfidenceisanotherkey____24____,asithelpspeopletobethrifty.Ittakesconfidencetolivewithinyourmeans.Italsotakesconfidencetoinvest____25____.Insteadofmakinginvestingdecisionswithyouremotions,financialplannersadvisethatyoushouldleaveyourinvestmentsaloneandfocusonalongterminvestmentplan.Butpeoplecan’tinvestormanagetheirownmoneywithout____26____responsibilityfortheoutes.Manymillionairestakeonpersonalresponsibilityandmostalsohappentobeselfmade,meaningtheydidn’tacquiretheirwealththroughluck.Millionairesdon’tcountonanyoneelsetomakethemrich,andtheydon’t____27____anyoneelseiftheyfallshort.Theyfocusonthingstheycancontrolandaligntheirdailyhabitstothegoalstheyhavesetforthemselves.Theytendtobegoal____28____andhardworkers,whichenablesthemtoplanfinanciallyandfocusonseeingthoseplansthrough.92%ofthemillionairessurveyeddevelopedalongtermplanfortheirmoney,and97%almostalwaysachievedthegoalstheysetforthemselves.Anditisthese____29____thatmakeiteasyforthemtobesociallyindifferent.They_____30_____lifestylecreep,thetendencytospendmorewheneveroneearnsmore.Essentially,theydon’tyieldtopressuretobuythelatestthingortokeepupwithothersorwhattheyhaveacquired.Insteadofbeingfocusedonwhatmightmakethemhappytoday,they’refocusedontheirlongtermwealthbuildingplan.【答案】21.I
22.C
23.F
24.A
25.G
26.D
27.B
28.E
29.H
30.J【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了百萬(wàn)富翁們能獲得財(cái)富歸結(jié)為六個(gè)“財(cái)富因素”:節(jié)儉、自信、責(zé)任、計(jì)劃、專注和社會(huì)冷漠。21.考查名詞。句意:節(jié)儉并不令人感到意外。分析句子可知,空格處為介詞as的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)使用名詞表示“驚訝”,surprise符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。22.考查名詞。句意:入不敷出,即支出而不是以期變得富有為退休支出而儲(chǔ)蓄,會(huì)讓你成為薪水的奴隸。分析句子以及上文“Spendingaboveyourmeans”可知空格處為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示“使你成為奴隸”,應(yīng)使用名詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),slave符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。23.考查形容詞。句意:為了合理地積累財(cái)富,專家建議你應(yīng)該把收入的20%存起來(lái),剩下的80%用來(lái)生活。根據(jù)上文“expertsremendsaving20%yourine”可知,空格處表示的意思是“剩余的收入”,remaining“剩下的”符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。24.考查名詞。句意:自信是另一個(gè)重要的特征,因?yàn)樗鼛椭藗冏兊霉?jié)儉。根據(jù)第一段“Thesewerethriftiness,confidence,responsibility,planning,focusandsocialindifference”可知,空格處講的是“另一個(gè)重要的特征”,characteristic符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。25.考查副詞。句意:適當(dāng)?shù)耐顿Y也需要信心。根據(jù)下文“Insteadofmakinginvestingdecisionswithyouremotions,financialplannersadvisethatyoushouldleaveyourinvestmentsaloneandfocusonalongterminvestmentplan”可知投資必須適當(dāng),空格處為副詞用作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞invest,properly符合句意。故選G項(xiàng)。26.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:但如果不對(duì)結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé),人們就無(wú)法投資或管理自己的資金。根據(jù)下文“Manymillionairestakeonpersonalresponsibilityandmostalsohappentobeselfmade,meaningtheydidn’tacquiretheirwealththroughluck”可知,空格處表示“承擔(dān)責(zé)任”acceptresponsibility作介詞without的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選D項(xiàng)。27.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:富翁不指望其他任何人讓他們變富,如果他們沒(méi)有變富,他們也不會(huì)責(zé)怪其他任何人。根據(jù)上文“Millionairesdon'tcountonanyoneelsetomakethemrich”可知,百萬(wàn)富翁沒(méi)有變富也不會(huì)責(zé)怪其他任何人。空格處為“責(zé)怪”,blame符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。28.考查形容詞。句意:他們往往以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向,努力工作,這使他們能夠制定財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃并專注于實(shí)現(xiàn)這些計(jì)劃。分析句子可知,空格處為表語(yǔ)表示“以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的,目標(biāo)明確的”,oriented“以……為方向的”符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)。29.考查名詞。句意:正是這些行為讓他們很容易對(duì)社交漠不關(guān)心。根據(jù)上文“Theytendtobegoal___8____andhardworkers,whichenablesthemtoplanfinanciallyandfocusonseeingthoseplansthrough”可知百萬(wàn)富翁專注于實(shí)現(xiàn)這些計(jì)劃從而忽略了社交,空格處總結(jié)的是百萬(wàn)富翁們的專注的行為,behaviors符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)。30.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:他們抗拒生活方式的蠕變,即收入越高,支出就越多的傾向。根據(jù)下文“thetendencytospendmorewheneveroneearnsmore”可知百萬(wàn)富翁們對(duì)這種生活方式是抵制的,空格處為句子謂語(yǔ)部分表示“抵制”應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞resist,故選J項(xiàng)。(2023·上海格致中學(xué)·高三專題練習(xí))A.environment
B.necessarily
C.a(chǎn)llowed
D.cheated
E.internationalF.admitted
G.hardly
H.necessary
I.joy
J.munication
K.difficultyAfriendofmineonceaskedme:“WhyshouldaChinesetaketimetolearnalanguagethatisnothisown?”O(jiān)bviouslyhehas___31___inlearningaforeignlanguage.HeisnottheonlyonewhoismentallyagainstEnglishlearning.Onereason,asIsuspect,isthewayEnglishistaught.Theemphasisonmemorizationissuchthatno___32___isleftintheprocessoflearning,onlyendlessannoyance.Whatstudentsarepresentedintheclassroomisnotthelanguageinrealworld___33___.AChinesestudentwithextremelyhighscoresforAmericanstandardizedtestswas___34___intooneofthemostfamousuniversities.Buthisprofessorssoonfoundoutthathecould___35___understandthelesson.Suspectingthathe___36___inthetests,theschooldemandedherepeatthem.Again,hepassedwithhighscores.Nottillthendidtheyrealizethatthestudenthadmasteredthetechniquesfordealingwiththetests,not___37___theskillsofusingthelanguage.ManypeopletakeTOFEL,IELTS,GRE,annualBand4andBand6examsnotbecausetheyworkinareaswhereEnglishisa(n)____38____tool,butbecausetheyhavetodoitforjobpromotionorenrolmentincertainprograms.MustEnglishlearningbesuchapainintheneck?Createa(n)___39___wherelearningEnglishisnaturalandpainless.Don’tmakeitpulsoryforpeoplewhoseworkormajordoesnotrequireit.Chinawillnotbeemore____40____byaddingmillionsofpeoplewhocanonlysayasimple“Hello”.【答案】31.K
32.I
33.J
34.F
35.G
36.D
37.B
38.H
39.A
40.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文,文章論述了很多人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)并非是將其視為必備工具的技能,而是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨氝@樣做才能升職或參加某些項(xiàng)目,由此在生活中總會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中只掌握了考試的技巧而并非真正的掌握英語(yǔ)這門語(yǔ)言。31.考查名詞。句意:很明顯,他在學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)方面有困難。分析句子,設(shè)空處填寫名詞作賓語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意,havedifficultyindoing為固定短語(yǔ),意為“做某事有困難”。故選K。32.考查名詞。句意:對(duì)死記硬背的強(qiáng)調(diào)使得學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣,只有無(wú)盡的煩惱。分析句子,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用名詞作主語(yǔ),根據(jù)后文的“onlyendlessannoyance”可知,此處只有無(wú)盡的煩惱,而沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣,故用joy。故選I。33.考查名詞。句意:學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上看到的并不是真實(shí)世界交流中的語(yǔ)言。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用名詞作賓語(yǔ),此處表示“交流”用名詞munication。故選J。34.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:一名中國(guó)學(xué)生在美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試中以極高的分?jǐn)?shù)被一所最著名的大學(xué)錄取。句中表示“被錄取”用beadmittedinto。故選F。35.考查副詞。句意:但是他的教授們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)他幾乎聽(tīng)不懂這門課。分析句子,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用副詞修飾understand作狀語(yǔ)。此處表示“幾乎不”用hardly。故選G。36.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:學(xué)校懷疑他在考試中作弊,要求他復(fù)讀。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ),此處表示過(guò)去事實(shí),故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)前文信息“但是他的教授們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)他幾乎聽(tīng)不懂這門課”,可知,教授懷疑他考試作弊。表示“作弊,欺騙”用cheated。故選D。37.考查副詞。句意:直到那時(shí),他們才意識(shí)到學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了應(yīng)對(duì)考試的技巧,而不一定掌握了使用語(yǔ)言的技能。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。表示“不一定”用notnecessarily。故選B。38.考查形容詞。句意:許多人參加托福、雅思、GRE、年度四級(jí)和六級(jí)考試,不是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)是必備工具的領(lǐng)域工作,而是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨氝@樣做才能升職或參加某些項(xiàng)目。分析句子,設(shè)空處使用形容詞作定語(yǔ),修飾tool。此處表示“很多人參加托福、雅思、GRE、年度四級(jí)和六級(jí)考試,并不是把英語(yǔ)視為必備的工具”。表示“必須的,必要的”用形容詞necessary。故選H。39.考查名詞。句意:創(chuàng)造一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)自然無(wú)痛的環(huán)境。分析句子,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意,表示“環(huán)境”用environment。故選A。40.考查形容詞。句意:中國(guó)不會(huì)因?yàn)樵黾恿藬?shù)百萬(wàn)只會(huì)說(shuō)“你好”的人而變得更加國(guó)際化。分析句子,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。此處表示“國(guó)際的”用international。故選E。(2023·上海中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.contributors
B.describingC.distinct
D.favorites
E.invitations
F.limitsG.name
H.pleasurable
Lrecall
J.unexplored
K.usefulTheuniquejoyoflearningnewwordsWithallthat’shappeninginthenews,lifecanfeellikeanexerciseindeterminingtheparticularkindofbadweareexperiencing.Areweanxiousordepressed?Lonelyorstressed?TimLomas,aseniorlecturerinpositivepsychologyattheUniversityofEastLondon,isengagedintheoppositeeffort:analyzingallthetypesofwellbeingthathecanfind.Specifically,Lomasisseekingtouncoverpsychologicalinsightsbycollectinguntranslatablewordsthatdescribe____41____feelingswedon’thavetermsforinEnglish.“It’salmostlikeeachoneisawindowontoanewlandscape,”Lomassays.Sofar,withthehelpofmany____42____hehascollectednearly1,000inwhathecallsa“positivelexicography(詞典學(xué))”.
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