《本科英語》課件-Unit 3 Understanding Science

大學(xué)英語（本科）CollegeEnglish(forundergraduate)Unit3UnderstandingScience.Whatisscience?Nowlet’sgoonajourneythroughthemostspectacular100yearsinthehistoryofscienceandtechnologytohaveanoverviewofhowourunderstandingoftheworldhasgrownfrom1900tilltoday.MATTERSOFLIFEANDDEATH—MedicineandHealth1900:Patientsbattleillness,whiledoctorscandolittlemorethancounsel(勸告)andcomfortthemandkeepthemclean.Today:Doctorstreatandoftencurepatientswithavastarray(一大批)ofmedicinesandmedicaltechnologies,butsomediseasesarestillincurable.MYSTERIESOFTHEUNIVERSE—PhysicsandAstronomy1900:TheMilkyWaygalaxy(星系)(includingsomeunexplainednebularclouds(星云))istheknownuniverse.Newton’slawsexplainthephysicalworld.Matteriscomposedofatoms.Today:TheMilkyWayisjustonegalaxyamongcountlessmillionswehaveobservedintheuniverse.Thereisnosetoflawsthatexplainsallphenomenainthephysicalworld,althoughtherearemanytheories.Atomsarecomposedofmanysubatomicparticles,allofwhichderivefrom(來自于)energy.MYSTERIESOFTHEUNIVERSE—PhysicsandAstronomyRESEARCHINTOOURSELVES—HumanBehavior1900:Thereisnocureforthementallyill,whoareconfinedtoinsaneasylums(精神病院).“Mind”and“body”arethoughtofastwoseparatethings.Today:Mentalillnesscanbetreatedwitharangeoftherapies(治療)andmedications.Weknowagreatdealaboutthechemistryandthepartsofthebrainthatcontrolourbehaviorandthoughts.RESEARCHINTOOURSELVES—HumanBehaviorFASTER,CLOSER,BETTER—Technology1900:TheonlywaytoviewtheOlympicGamesinParisisinperson.NewsabouttheGamestravelstoAmericavia(通過)telegraphandisprintedinnewspapers.FASTER,CLOSER,BETTER—TechnologyToday:Millionsworldwidewatchthe2008BeijingOlympicsontelevision,transmittedinstantaneously(瞬間地)bysatellite.Thenewsspreadsaswellbyradio,newspaper,andtheWorldWideWeb.ORIGINS—EarthandLifeScience1900:Thereisnogoodexplanationforcatastrophiceventssuchasearthquakes.TheEarthisthoughttobeamere50millionyearsold,andtheevolutionofspeciesishotlydebated.BR_JourneyonthePaper8Today:Theplates(板塊)thatmakeuptheEarth’scrust(地殼)moveovertime,causingearthquakesandvolcanoes.TheEarthisknowntobe4,500millionyearsold.ThegeneticcodeofDNA,whichdrivesevolution,isbetterunderstoodeveryday.ORIGINS—EarthandLifeScienceHowtoMakeSenseoutofSciencemakesenseoutof:understandExpositorywriting:atypicalpieceofexpositorywritingbeginswithastatementopinion,thengoesontogivesupportingdetails.PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~8Scienceisdonestepbystep.Scienceisawayofunderstandingtheworldaroundanditsrealworkisslow.39-10Scienceisaprocessfilledwithdisappointmentsandreverses,butwekeepmovingahead.NewDrugsKillCancerDevastationbyElNino─aWarning6:30p.m.October26,2028:CouldThisBetheDeadlinefortheApocalypse?Purpose:tomaketheexpositorywritingmorevividandunderstandableaswellascatchthereaders'eyes.Questions(1)Didthenewsmeanthesepeopleneverhadtoworryaboutcanceragain?(2)Didthenewsmeanthatweallhadtoworryaboutacatastrophefromouterspaceor,moreimmediately,fromElNino?stepbystep1.proposed2.testedthescientists’reviewingissuingapressreleasemakinganannouncementtotheworld.Noamountofexperimentationcaneverprovemeright;asingleexperimentcanatanytimeprovemewrong.InAugust1996,NASAannouncedthediscoveryinAntarcticaofaMeteoritefromMarsthatmightcontainevidenceofancientlifeonanotherworld.The“evidenceoflife”wasmostlycontaminationfromAntarcticiceorthattherewasnothingorganicatallintherock.Likeclimbingamountain,westruggleupthreefeetandfallbacktwo.deadline:n.截止期限；最后期限I’mafraidyou’vemissedthedeadline—thedeadlineforapplicationswasMay30th.Ifinishedseveraldaysaheadofthedeadline.我是在最后期限的前幾天完成的。frustrate:vt.使懊喪；阻止；挫敗

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Ourplantogoonapicnicwasfrustratedbyhissister.frustrationn.懊喪；挫敗frustratingadj.令人沮喪的frustratedadj.感到沮喪的yield:Talksbetweenthetwosideshaveyieldednoresults.Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.(2)vi.屈服；讓步(1)vt.出產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生；提供Whenyouknowyou’reright,youcan’tyield.n.產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出；利潤ahighcropyieldareductioninmilkyieldTheresearchhasyieldedusefulinformationoutcome:n.

在記者招待會上將會公布談判的結(jié)果。Hesaidhewaspleasedwiththeoutcome.Theoutcomeofthenegotiationswillbeannouncedatapressconference.conclusion:n.Eachresearchgroupcametoasimilarconclusion.Webasedourconclusiononfacts.Thereareperhapstwomainconclusionstobedrawnfromtheabovediscussion.Theconclusionofthebookwasdisappointing.(1)n.結(jié)論(2)n.結(jié)束inconclusion:最后；總而言之cometoaconclusion得出一個結(jié)論drawaconclusion得出一個結(jié)論arriveat/reachaconclusion得出一個結(jié)論propose:vt.---proposaln.Thereportalsoproposesextendingthemotorway.InhisspeechheproposedthattheUNshouldsetupanemergencycentrefortheenvironment.(1)建議proposethat…;proposedoingsth.(2)打算Whatdoyou