2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSⅠ.匹配詞義()1.drought A．a(chǎn)tubethroughwhichliquidsandgases canflow()2.brick B．磚；磚塊()3.metal C．(尤指西大西洋的)颶風(fēng)()4.context D．n.&v.碰撞；撞擊n．撞車(chē)；碰撞()5.crash E．上下文；語(yǔ)境；背景()6.hurricane F．a(chǎn)longperiodoftimewhenthereislittle ornorain()7.pipe G．金屬()8.sweepaway H．露天；在戶(hù)外()9.intheopenair I．殲滅；徹底消退()10.inruins J．destroyedorseverelychanged[答案]1－5FBGED6－10CAIHJⅡ.默寫(xiě)單詞1．disastern．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)難2．rescuen．&vt.營(yíng)救；救援3．damagevt.損害；破壞n．損失；損壞4．destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅5．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動(dòng)6．electricityn．電；電能7．effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力8．powern．電力供應(yīng)；能量；力氣；限制力9．calmadj.冷靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的vt.使安靜；使冷靜10．delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vtⅠ.語(yǔ)境填空f(shuō)looded，waving，shelter，survive，shock，buried，trap，disasters，supplied，delivered1．Peopleintheearthquake-strickenareaareinneedoffood，medicineandshelter.2．Howdoesthefamilysurviveonsuchasmallmonthlywage?3．Latestreportssaythatmudslidesburiedthevillage.4．Hearingthatherhusbandwaskilledinthecaraccident，thewomanwentintoshock.5．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrapandcovereditwithsomeleaves.6．Thisisoneoftheworstdisastersthathavehitthearea.7．Hehassuppliedmewiththenecessaryinformation.8．Doyouhaveyourmilkdeliveredtoyourhouseeveryday?9．Amaninthewaterwasshoutingandwavinghisarmsaroundwildly.10．Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空之派生詞1．Theysaidtheydidnotwantwar,butifattackedtheywouldfighttothedeath(dead)．2．Iwonderwhatitwillbeliketobreathe(breath)suchcleanandfreshair.3．Weallgotshocked(shock)atthestory.4．Thelength(long)ofaparagraphdependsontheinformation.5．Hegaveanexampleofbraveryandwisdom(wise)．6．Alanlookedathimandsaidcalmly(calm)，“Idon'tbelieveyou.”7．Havingbeenpredictedonedayahead，thevolcaniceruption(erupt)didn'tdosomuchdamage.8．Themedicineiseffective(effect)tothepatient.9．Heformedahabitofsummarizing(summary)whathehadlearned.10．Hewastheonlysurvivor(survive)oftheaccident.1．Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.連續(xù)幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。2．Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.堅(jiān)硬的石山變成了泥土的河流。3．Buthopewasnotlost.但是希望尚存。4．Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.漸漸地，這座城市又起先復(fù)原朝氣。5．InSriLanka，some1,600kilometreswestofthequakecentre，thenumberofdeathsstoodat2,498...在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1600千米處，死亡人數(shù)高達(dá)2498人……詞語(yǔ)助讀①northeastern/?n??θ'i?st?n/adj.東北部的；來(lái)自東北部的southwestern/?sa?θ'west?n/adj.西南部的；西南的②well/wel/n.井③rise/raIz/v.上升；起床④smelly/'smelI/adj.有難聞氣味的⑤asleep/?'sli?p/adj.睡著的(為表語(yǔ)形容詞)fallasleep睡著fast/soundasleep熟睡⑥asusual像平常一樣⑦shake/?eIk/v．(shook，shaken)(使)抖動(dòng)，搖動(dòng)⑧cometoanend結(jié)束⑨directly/d?'rektlI/adv.恰好，正好地；徑直；馬上conj.一……就……directlybelow/ahead正下方/正前方⑩deadly/'dedlI/adj.(deadlier，deadliest)致命的；十足的，徹底的adv.極其，特別?morethan超過(guò)；不僅僅；特別nomorethan僅僅；不超過(guò)?waterway/'w??t?weI/n．水路，航道landway/landroute陸路airroute航線?inruins嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪ruin/'ru?In/n.&vt.破壞；毀壞?thenumberof...……的數(shù)量。后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。?survivor/s?'vaIv?(r)/n.生還者；生還者survival/s?'vaIvl/n.生存；幸存；存活?gone/ɡ?n/adj.不復(fù)存在；用完了；(人)離開(kāi)了。為形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞，在句中常作表語(yǔ)。?blow...away把……吹走；把……驅(qū)散?railwaytrack鐵路軌道trackn．軌道；(人)踩出的小道；蹤跡v．跟蹤?useless/'ju?sl?s/adj.沒(méi)用的[反義]usefuladj.有用的?insteadof代替，作為……的替換(后跟名詞、代詞、v.-ing)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))inshock震驚；驚訝(通常作表語(yǔ))shock/??k/n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))falldown倒塌；跌倒fallover跌倒eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))electricity/I?lek'trIs?ti/n.電；電能eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))digout挖掘出；找出，發(fā)覺(jué)eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))trap/tr?p/vt.(trapped，trapped)使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套n．險(xiǎn)境；陷阱betrappedin...被困在……中eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))bury/'beri/vt.安葬；安葬beburiedin...被埋于……里面；埋頭于……eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))medicalcare醫(yī)療護(hù)理eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))breathe/bri?e/vi.&vt.呼吸breath/breθ/n.呼吸的空氣；一次吸入的空氣eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))revive/rI'vaIv/vt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)醒悟revival/rI'vaIvl/n.振興；復(fù)蘇eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))onone'sfeet站著，站立eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))tireless/'taI?l?s/adj.不知疲乏的，精力充足的tiredadj.疲乏的，疲憊的eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))effort/'ef?t/n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))prove/pru?v/vt.證明；證明linkingverb后來(lái)被發(fā)覺(jué)是，最終顯現(xiàn)為eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))intimesof...在……時(shí)候attimes有時(shí)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))unify/'ju?nIfaI/vi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體unifiedadj.統(tǒng)一的eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))wisdom/'wIzd?m/n.才智；才智eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))rebuild/?ri?'bIld/vt.重建，重組原文呈現(xiàn)THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit[1]．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat[2]，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide[3]，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976，brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.[1]“comingoutofit”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾gas。gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。[2]此處為“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……而不能……”。[3]“l(fā)ookingforplacestohide”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，Mice與lookfor之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，“找尋”與“跑”同時(shí)進(jìn)行。At3：42a．m.，everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧！[4]Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity，oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan?150kilometresawayinBeijing[5]．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit！Ahugecrack，eightkilometreslongand30metreswide，cutacrosshouses，roads，andwaterways?.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins?.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.[6]Thenumberof?peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.[4]本句中asif引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，該從句運(yùn)用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。[5]“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”為“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位語(yǔ)，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞aquake，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。[6]此處為“l(fā)eave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式。Everywheresurvivors?looked，therewasnothingbutruins.[7]Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone?.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves，butnowindcouldblowthemaway?.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.[8]Therailwaytracks?werenowuseless?piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows，hundredsofthousandsofpigs，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof?water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Water，food，andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast[9]．[7]“Everywheresurvivorslooked”是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。Everywhere既是地點(diǎn)副詞，也作連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”結(jié)構(gòu)，but是介詞，意為“除……之外”；該結(jié)構(gòu)后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，假如nothing前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后跟的動(dòng)詞不定式要省略to。[8]此處是“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也屬于此句型。[9]how在此作連接副詞，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o(○,\s\up1(24))thosewhoweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))andtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))thedead.[10]Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain，truck，andplane.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))again.[10]本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”為兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，其中whoweretrapped為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句要用who引導(dǎo)。thedead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))effortseq\o(○,\s\up1(32))ofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople，withgreatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))andshowthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))forabrighterfuture.[11][11]本句運(yùn)用了“proveto..