2024-2025學年新教材高中英語UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS預習新知早知道學案含解析新人教版必修第一冊

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSⅠ.匹配詞義()1.drought A．atubethroughwhichliquidsandgases canflow()2.brick B．磚；磚塊()3.metal C．(尤指西大西洋的)颶風()4.context D．n.&v.碰撞；撞擊n．撞車；碰撞()5.crash E．上下文；語境；背景()6.hurricane F．alongperiodoftimewhenthereislittle ornorain()7.pipe G．金屬()8.sweepaway H．露天；在戶外()9.intheopenair I．殲滅；徹底消退()10.inruins J．destroyedorseverelychanged[答案]1－5FBGED6－10CAIHJⅡ.默寫單詞1．disastern．災難；災難2．rescuen．&vt.營救；救援3．damagevt.損害；破壞n．損失；損壞4．destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅5．affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動6．electricityn．電；電能7．effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力8．powern．電力供應；能量；力氣；限制力9．calmadj.冷靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的vt.使安靜；使冷靜10．delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達vtⅠ.語境填空flooded，waving，shelter，survive，shock，buried，trap，disasters，supplied，delivered1．Peopleintheearthquake-strickenareaareinneedoffood，medicineandshelter.2．Howdoesthefamilysurviveonsuchasmallmonthlywage?3．Latestreportssaythatmudslidesburiedthevillage.4．Hearingthatherhusbandwaskilledinthecaraccident，thewomanwentintoshock.5．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrapandcovereditwithsomeleaves.6．Thisisoneoftheworstdisastersthathavehitthearea.7．Hehassuppliedmewiththenecessaryinformation.8．Doyouhaveyourmilkdeliveredtoyourhouseeveryday?9．Amaninthewaterwasshoutingandwavinghisarmsaroundwildly.10．Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Theysaidtheydidnotwantwar,butifattackedtheywouldfighttothedeath(dead)．2．Iwonderwhatitwillbeliketobreathe(breath)suchcleanandfreshair.3．Weallgotshocked(shock)atthestory.4．Thelength(long)ofaparagraphdependsontheinformation.5．Hegaveanexampleofbraveryandwisdom(wise)．6．Alanlookedathimandsaidcalmly(calm)，“Idon'tbelieveyou.”7．Havingbeenpredictedonedayahead，thevolcaniceruption(erupt)didn'tdosomuchdamage.8．Themedicineiseffective(effect)tothepatient.9．Heformedahabitofsummarizing(summary)whathehadlearned.10．Hewastheonlysurvivor(survive)oftheaccident.1．Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.連續(xù)幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。2．Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.堅硬的石山變成了泥土的河流。3．Buthopewasnotlost.但是希望尚存。4．Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.漸漸地，這座城市又起先復原朝氣。5．InSriLanka，some1,600kilometreswestofthequakecentre，thenumberofdeathsstoodat2,498...在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1600千米處，死亡人數高達2498人……詞語助讀①northeastern/?n??θ'i?st?n/adj.東北部的；來自東北部的southwestern/?sa?θ'west?n/adj.西南部的；西南的②well/wel/n.井③rise/raIz/v.上升；起床④smelly/'smelI/adj.有難聞氣味的⑤asleep/?'sli?p/adj.睡著的(為表語形容詞)fallasleep睡著fast/soundasleep熟睡⑥asusual像平常一樣⑦shake/?eIk/v．(shook，shaken)(使)抖動，搖動⑧cometoanend結束⑨directly/d?'rektlI/adv.恰好，正好地；徑直；馬上conj.一……就……directlybelow/ahead正下方/正前方⑩deadly/'dedlI/adj.(deadlier，deadliest)致命的；十足的，徹底的adv.極其，特別?morethan超過；不僅僅；特別nomorethan僅僅；不超過?waterway/'w??t?weI/n．水路，航道landway/landroute陸路airroute航線?inruins嚴峻受損；破敗不堪ruin/'ru?In/n.&vt.破壞；毀壞?thenumberof...……的數量。后跟可數名詞復數形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。?survivor/s?'vaIv?(r)/n.生還者；生還者survival/s?'vaIvl/n.生存；幸存；存活?gone/ɡ?n/adj.不復存在；用完了；(人)離開了。為形容詞化的過去分詞，在句中常作表語。?blow...away把……吹走；把……驅散?railwaytrack鐵路軌道trackn．軌道；(人)踩出的小道；蹤跡v．跟蹤?useless/'ju?sl?s/adj.沒用的[反義]usefuladj.有用的?insteadof代替，作為……的替換(后跟名詞、代詞、v.-ing)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))inshock震驚；驚訝(通常作表語)shock/??k/n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))falldown倒塌；跌倒fallover跌倒eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))electricity/I?lek'trIs?ti/n.電；電能eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))digout挖掘出；找出，發(fā)覺eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))trap/tr?p/vt.(trapped，trapped)使落入險境；使陷入圈套n．險境；陷阱betrappedin...被困在……中eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))bury/'beri/vt.安葬；安葬beburiedin...被埋于……里面；埋頭于……eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))medicalcare醫(yī)療護理eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))breathe/bri?e/vi.&vt.呼吸breath/breθ/n.呼吸的空氣；一次吸入的空氣eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))revive/rI'vaIv/vt.&vi.復活；(使)醒悟revival/rI'vaIvl/n.振興；復蘇eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))onone'sfeet站著，站立eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))tireless/'taI?l?s/adj.不知疲乏的，精力充足的tiredadj.疲乏的，疲憊的eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))effort/'ef?t/n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))prove/pru?v/vt.證明；證明linkingverb后來被發(fā)覺是，最終顯現(xiàn)為eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))intimesof...在……時候attimes有時eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))unify/'ju?nIfaI/vi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體unifiedadj.統(tǒng)一的eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))wisdom/'wIzd?m/n.才智；才智eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))rebuild/?ri?'bIld/vt.重建，重組原文呈現(xiàn)THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit[1]．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat[2]，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide[3]，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976，brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.[1]“comingoutofit”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾gas。gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關系。[2]此處為“too...to...”結構，表示“太……而不能……”。[3]“l(fā)ookingforplacestohide”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，Mice與lookfor之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，“找尋”與“跑”同時進行。At3：42a．m.，everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧！[4]Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity，oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan?150kilometresawayinBeijing[5]．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit！Ahugecrack，eightkilometreslongand30metreswide，cutacrosshouses，roads，andwaterways?.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins?.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.[6]Thenumberof?peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.[4]本句中asif引導表語從句，該從句運用了虛擬語氣。[5]“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”為“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位語，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞aquake，that在從句中作主語。[6]此處為“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓補”結構的被動形式。Everywheresurvivors?looked，therewasnothingbutruins.[7]Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone?.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves，butnowindcouldblowthemaway?.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.[8]Therailwaytracks?werenowuseless?piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows，hundredsofthousandsofpigs，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof?water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Water，food，andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast[9]．[7]“Everywheresurvivorslooked”是地點狀語從句。Everywhere既是地點副詞，也作連詞，引導地點狀語從句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”結構，but是介詞，意為“除……之外”；該結構后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式，假如nothing前面有實義動詞do時，后跟的動詞不定式要省略to。[8]此處是“主語＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也屬于此句型。[9]how在此作連接副詞，引導賓語從句，同時作狀語修飾形容詞long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o(○,\s\up1(24))thosewhoweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))andtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))thedead.[10]Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain，truck，andplane.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))again.[10]本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”為兩個并列的動詞不定式作目的狀語，其中whoweretrapped為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時，定語從句要用who引導。thedead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj.”結構。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))effortseq\o(○,\s\up1(32))ofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople，withgreatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))andshowthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))forabrighterfuture.[11][11]本句運用了“proveto..