2024年新高一英語初升高銜接《閱讀理解》含答案解析

英語PAGE1英語專題08閱讀理解一、細節(jié)理解類（一）明考查方式和考查角度Ⅰ.把握細節(jié)理解題的常見設問方式：(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。(2)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關的事實或細節(jié)。(3)就文中數(shù)字、排序等提問。Ⅱ.明晰細節(jié)理解題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點：直接信息題；間接信息題。(2)低頻考點：數(shù)字計算題；正誤判斷題；細節(jié)排序題。(二)細節(jié)理解題正確選項特征同義替換 指對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有些細節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。信息歸納 用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設置為正確答案。正話反說 把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。原文原詞 利用原文原詞作為正確選項。(三)細節(jié)理解題干擾選項特征張冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。無中生有 符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。曲解文意 與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細節(jié)處有些變動。顛倒是非 在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。正誤參半 部分正確，部分錯誤。二、推理判斷類（一）明確考查特點Ⅰ.把握推理判斷題常見的命題方式(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first.../last)passagethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards…?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________．(8)Thefirst.../lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判斷題的考查角度(1)高頻考點：推斷隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點態(tài)度。(2)低頻考點：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、讀者對象。(二)推理判斷題正確選項特征推理判斷題中的正確選項是依據(jù)文章的事實或證據(jù)推斷出的符合邏輯的結論或觀點，正確選項一般具有以下特征：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。2．選項中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點模糊，會用一些相對能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。(三)推理判斷題干擾選項特征1．曲解文意：即推測意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項來自文章中的某一句或某幾句話，命題者可能會利用里面的詞設計出干擾項，看似表達文章的意思，其實是借題發(fā)揮，是對原文意思的曲解。2．張冠李戴：即把文章中作者的觀點與其他人的觀點混淆在一起。題干問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現(xiàn)的卻是其他人的觀點；題干問的是其他人的觀點，選項中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀點。3．偷梁換柱：干擾項用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結構和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個單詞，造成句意的改變。4．無中生有：這種類型的干擾項往往是基本的生活常識或普遍認可的觀點，但在文章中并無相關的信息支撐點。其次，這種干擾項也有可能與設置的問題毫不相干。5．魚目混珠：魚目混珠類型的干擾項常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項中，即利用某個詞或句子的字面含義代替其在文章特定語境中的具體含義。6．擴縮范圍：為了準確、嚴密地表達文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對文意范圍的限定，有時通過加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語對文意加以限制。“擴縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項中通過改變或去掉限制性詞語，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。三、詞義猜測類（一）明確考查特點Ⅰ.把握詞句猜測題常見的命題方式(1)Thephrase“...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby________．(2)Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto______．(3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe...paragraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?(4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？(5)Theword“...”mostnearlymeans________．(6)Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat________．Ⅱ.掌握詞句猜測題的考查角度(1)猜測生詞或熟詞生義；(2)猜測短語的意義；(3)猜測替代詞所替代的內(nèi)容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those等)；(4)猜測句意。（二）明確方法技巧（1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測（2）根據(jù)同位關系進行猜測（3）根據(jù)構詞法(前綴、后綴、派生、合成等)進行猜測（4）根據(jù)因果關系進行猜測（5）根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行猜測（6）根據(jù)同義或近義關系進行猜測（7）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P系進行猜測（8）意義吻合定句意四、主旨大意類題型（一）明確考查特點Ⅰ.把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Themainideaofthefirst/second/thirdparagraphis___________.Paragraph1/2/3mainlydealswith___________.Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度主旨大意類題型主要測試學生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。（二）明確方法技巧1.閱讀文章的標題或副標題文章的標題是一篇文章的題眼，通過閱讀標題或副標題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。2.尋找文章的主題句分析篇章結構，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據(jù)其篇章特點我們可以通過仔細閱讀短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主題句來歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔細閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有時也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來說明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時，要求學生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學生綜觀全文，對段落的內(nèi)容要融會貫通，對文章透徹理解后歸納總結。主題句的特點是：1.相對于其他句子，它表達的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結構簡單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的思想的。五、理清文章結構文章的邏輯結構是文章重要的內(nèi)在特征，了解篇章段落的邏輯結構對提高閱讀理解的準度和速度有著不可估量的作用。因此，在平時的閱讀理解訓練中要強化領悟段落、篇章結構及行文邏輯內(nèi)在規(guī)律，長此以往，內(nèi)化于心，潛移默化形成讀文的內(nèi)在“情思”，這個“情思”就是指與文章情感思路一致的、默契的思維流動。具備了這種“情思”，快讀、精讀文章就達到了一種至高境界。(一)記敘文中的“具體事例型段落”——抓住此事例圍繞的觀點這種類型的段落整段都在講具體事例。往往這個事例本身并不重要，而作者是為了證明自己的某個觀點才講了這樣一個事例。因此，考生要站在宏觀的角度把握這個事例證明了什么觀點，或者說明了哪一方面。它的特點就是會有特別具體的描述詞，比如某個人名，多次被提到，而且用到的動詞也都是一些表示具體動作的動詞，而不是觀點動詞。(二)說明文中的“對比型段落”——分清層次最重要這種段落最常見的就是按時間分類說明或按某一特性分類說明。針對這種段落，要特別留意段落中的過渡詞，比如，aboveall,inaddition,finally等等。(三)議論文中的“總分型段落”或“分總型段落”——一定要找到并讀懂主旨句“總分型段落”排列在一開始就給出了作者的觀點或者要說明的主要內(nèi)容。后面的大部分都在論證這個觀點或者進行細節(jié)上的說明。針對這種類型的語篇，考生應該做到細讀主旨段落，略讀細節(jié)段落，以讀懂主旨為要務?？忌鷷l(fā)現(xiàn)文后的題目大都圍繞主旨而命題，而偏離主旨的大都是干擾項，而不是正確答案?！胺挚傂投温洹迸帕性陂_始和中間都是一些細節(jié)型的內(nèi)容，有時是平行的細節(jié)，有時是層層遞進，但一直到語篇的最后一段才點出最重要的觀點或結論。顯然讀這種語篇的落腳點應該在結尾處。跟總分型的語篇相比，分總型的語篇有時更耗時間去發(fā)現(xiàn)主旨，因此考生們平時做題的時候要多去體會，爭取在最短的時間找到主旨。基礎題一Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?AccordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion(十億)tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(氣候)change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand(需求).Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce(減少)foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality(質(zhì)量).Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldthathaveinfluencedusgreatly.Manysolutionshavebeenfoundandmanymoreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,foodwasteissuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?A.Theproblemofworldwidehunger. B.Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.CThespeed-upofclimatechange. D.Asuddendropinpopulation.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful. B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes. D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste. B.Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.C.Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste. D.Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.二Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn’thavethese,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn’tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(傾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintorememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重疊)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwithaseparatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsomeearlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattentiontoameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit’simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It’sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.1.Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou________.A.buyexpensiveshoes B.orderadeliciousmealC.talkwithfriendsfornewideas D.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision2.Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?A.Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.B.Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.C.Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.D.Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.3.Thewords“psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto________.A.attention B.interest C.ability D.knowledge4.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A.feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowthB.feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowthC.aworthylifedependsonluckandenvironmentD.pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife三Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawingincorrectconclusions.Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation(觀察),hypothesis(假設),experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbecompletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas“”Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutcomesorconclusions.Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.1.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?B.Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?C.Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.D.Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.2.WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?A.Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.B.Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.C.Eatacandybaragain,andseewhathappenstoyoursickstomach.D.Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto(指的是)?A.Thehypothesis. B.Theconclusion.C.Thequestion. D.Theobservation.4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?A.Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.B.Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepartofthescientificmethod.C.Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.D.Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.四Oneday,Helenshouts,“Roger,comeandlookattheegg!It’scracking（裂開）.”Slowlyalongbeak（喙）appears.Theyareunsurewhatitis.Dadchecksonthecomputer,“Hey,look!It’sapterodactyl（翼手龍）.”“Apterodactyl?”shoutthechildren.“Yes,it’satypeofdinosaur.Pterodactylscanfly,”saysDad.ThenHelennamesitDacty.Amonthlater,hegrowsup.Butthereissomethingwrongwithhiswings.“MyroomistoosmallandDactykeepsbanging（碰撞）hiswingsonthewalls.Ifeelsorryforhim,”saysHelen.Finally,theytakeDactytoavet（獸醫(yī)）.Twoweekslater,Dacty’swingsarebetter.However,heisn’twillingtofly.TheyphoneAuntElizabeth.Soonshearrives.“Myofficeisverybig.It’sperfectforDactyduringtheday.Andatnight,whenthemuseumisempty,Dactycanflyaroundhappily.”Thenshetakesthemtothemuseum.Onarriving,theytakeDactyoutofthebasket.Hestretches（伸展）hiswings,flieshighupandlandsonastonestatue.“Look,helikeshere,”shoutsHelen.“Canheseeinthedark?”asksRoger.“Yes,theyseeclearlyinthedark,justlikeowls（貓頭鷹）,”saysAuntElizabeth.SixmonthspassesandDactyisverybignow.Onenight,Dactyseeslightsmovinginsidethemuseum.Twomen—BertandEriccomeinwithtorches（手電筒）.Theyarewearingmasksandtryingtoopenacase（箱子）.Insideitisamummy（木乃伊）.SuddenlyEriclooksupandseesDacty.Heisveryscared.“Look,Bert,thereisahugebirdupthere.”Bertlooksup.Dactydoesn’tmove,“Eric,don’tbesilly.It’sonlyastatue,”saysBert.“Comeon.Iwillopenthecase.Youlookforthegoldmedallions（大獎章）.”Atthemoment,DactyfliesdownandcatchesEric.Thethiefisveryscaredandhecan’tsayanything.Dactyfliesupandliftshimontopofastatue.He’sstuck.Atonce,DactyfliesdownagainandcatchesBert,too.Bothofthemarestuckthere.Thenextmorning,whenAuntElizabethcomesin,sheseesthebrokenmummycaseandthetwomen.Theyareshoutingloudly.Dactyfliesdowntoher.“Hereyouare,Dacty,”shesaysandpets（愛撫）hishead.“Thankyou,youdidagreatjob.”Thenshephonesthepolice.Themayor（市長）shakesDacty’swingandputsabigshinymedaloverhishead.“Congratulations,youdidagreatjob.”ThenheturnstoAuntElizabeth,“It’sgreattohaveabigbirdasaguard!”“Dactyisapterodactyl!”Rogersays.“Dactyisaheronow,”saysAuntElizabeth.“Apterodactyl?”shoutsanotherman.“Wow!Theylovewarmweatherandjungles（叢林）.IworkintheBotanicalGardens（植物園）.Wehaveawonderfulpalm（棕櫚）house,bigandwarm,justlikeajungle.Hewilllovethere.Youcancometovisititanytime.”SonowDactyislivingintheBotanicalGardens.RogerandHelenvisithimeveryday.(AdaptedfromTheSurprise)1.HowdoesDactyhurthiswings?A.Heplaysgameswiththechildren. B.Hefallsoffthetreewhenflying.C.HebangsonthewallsinHelen’sroom. D.Hepractisesflyinginthemuseum.2.WhichwordcanbestdescribeDacty?A.Curious. B.Honest. C.Generous. D.Smart.3.Whatisthecorrectorderofwhathappensinthestory?a.Dactyistakentoseeavet.b.HelennamesthepterodactylDacty.c.DactylivesintheBotanicalGardens.d.Thethievesstealthingsinthemuseum.A.b-d-a-c B.d-a-b-c C.b-a-d-c D.c-d-a-b4.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthestory?A.Alldinosaursenjoycoldweatherandjungles.B.Humansandanimalsshouldcareabouteachother.C.Childrenthinkitnecessarytoraiseananimalathome.D.Itisbetterforadinosaurtolivewithhumansthaninnature.提高題一MyFirstDayofSchoolFrightened,IwaswalkingintomyfirstschoolinAmerica.IhadtraveledalongdistancefromIndiainordertojoinmyparents,whohadbeenhereforthreeyears,hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture.MyfatherdecidedthatIwouldhaveabettereducationhere,soIenrolled(登記)inthelocalhighschoolinmynewtown.IwasafraidofhowIwoulddo.Onthefirstday,IwenttomysecondclassafterIhadmissedmyfirst.Withanxiety,Ireachedforthedoor,openingitslowly.Withoutpayingattentiontomyclassmates,Iwentstraighttotheteacherandaskedifthiswastherightclass.Withasoftvoiceheanswered,“Yes.”Hisvoicecomfortedmealittle.HegavemeasheetcalledCourseRequirements,whichIwouldnevergetinIndiabecausewedidn'thaveanythinglikethat.ThenheaskedmetochoosewhereIwouldsit.Ididn'tactuallywanttopickaseat.InIndiawehadfixedseats,soIneverneededtoworryaboutthat.Ispenttherestoftheclasstakingnotesfromtheimageproducedbytheoverheadprojector(投影儀).InIndianschools,wedidn'tusethetechnology.Wehadtotakenotesastheteacherspoke.Itwasnoon.IwasveryconfusedaboutwhenIwouldhavelunch.IwenttomynextclassandthebellrangasIentered.Iwentthroughtheregular(慣常的)processofaskingtheteacherifIwasintherightclass.Shesaid,“It'sstillfourthperiod.”“Butthebelljustrang,”Isaid.Changingfromagentletonetoaharsh(刺耳的)one,shesaid,“Thatisthelunchbell,youngman.”Iapologized.WithoutanotherwordIheadedforthecafeteria.Ifeltluckybecausewedidn'thavethisinIndia.EveryconfusionseemedlikeabarrierIhadtogetthroughtoreachmygoal.Attheendoftheday,Iwasonmywaytothebuswhichwedidn'thaveinIndiaeither.Isawmybusandsatdowninsidehappily.Iwasthinking,todaywasn'tsobad.1.WhydidtheauthorattendanAmericanhighschool?A.BecausehisfatherpreferredAmericanschools.B.Becausehisfamilywantedhimtohaveabrightfuture.C.Becausehismotherhadworkedinitfor3years.D.Becausehehadbeenlongingtoleavehishomeland.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfirstdayofschool?A.Hewenttothewrongclassforsecondperiod.B.Hemetsomeenthusiasticteachersandclassmates.C.HegottheCourseRequirementssheetfromhisclassmate.D.HeexperienceddifferencesbetweenAmericanandIndianschoolsinmanyways.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barrier”probablymean?A.Door. B.Difficulty.C.Task. D.Period.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelattheendoftheday?A.Worried. B.Puzzled. C.Happy. D.Sad.二Peruisfamouslyknownasthe“l(fā)andoftheIncas”.AtriptoPeruhadbeenonmywishlistforquiteawhile.Itwasfinallytimeformetovisitthecountry.MyfirstdaystartedinLima,thecapitalofPeru.ImetwiththeGAdventuresrepresentative(代表)ofthetourhere.GAdventuresisanorganizationthathelpsyoutoconnectwithotherlike?mindedpeopleinsmallgroup?basedtraveladventures.TheyplayedabigpartinhelpingtomakePeruanunforgettableexperienceforme!InLima,myrepresentativediscussedtheplanformytour,andIalsohadthechancetoexploreLimainmyowntime,withmanyactivities,includingacitytour,show,bikingtour,andmore.DaytwohadmetakingaflightfromLimatoCusco.ManypeoplevisitCuscoforshoppingbutforme,themainreasonforspendingadayortwoinCuscowastoadapttothealtitude(海拔).AsI'ddecidedtoreachthewonderofMachuPicchu,adaptationhadbecomeimportanttoavoidingaltitudesickness.IwashappytospendadayexploringCusco.CuscowasoncethecapitaloftheIncaEmpire.Today,it'sfamousforitsartists,paintings,clothingandtraditionalinstruments.There'ssomethingforeveryoneinthiscity.Thedayfinallycame!DaythreehadmeenjoyingalovelyguidedvisittoMachuPicchuatsunrise.Ihadfreetimetoexplorethecityonmyownaswellaswithmyguide.Therewasalottotakein!Ihadtostopforamomentandfelttheenergyofsuchanancientcity.ThehistoryhereisunbelievableandIwillneverforgetmytimehereforaslongasIlive!1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoGAdventures?A.Doubtful. B.Satisfied. C.Uninterested. D.Hopeful.2.WhydidtheauthorstayinCusco?A.Togoshopping. B.Tofindalocalguide.C.Togetusedtothehighaltitude. D.TodoresearchontheIncaEmpire.3.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhentravelingaroundMachuPicchu?A.Fullofexcitement. B.Outofluck.C.Lostindoubt. D.Deepinregret.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Myloveoftraveling B.MywonderfultriptoPeruC.Peru:the“l(fā)andoftheIncas” D.Traveling:thefutureofPeru三EatingalightmealManyofusliketoeatoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosinghearty,fat?filleddishesandsugarysnacks,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.Therecentriseoflight(清淡的)meals,however,givesdinersasmarterchoice.AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low?calorie,low?fatandhigh?fiber(高纖維的)mealshavebecomepopularinChina'srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals,fromjust600in2017tomorethan3,500in2018.AccordingtoareportreleasedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentcomparedtothepreviousyear.Havingalightmeal,however,doesn'tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat?freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiledmeat,wholegrains,fruitsandvegetables.Healthynutrients(營養(yǎng)成分)arethethemeofthelightmeal.Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That'sprobablywhysomanypeople,especiallytheMillennialgeneration(千禧一代),areintothem.Dinersseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidbloating(變胖),”wroteTheTelegraph.“Aftereatingseverallightmeals,Ifeelmyappetitehasshrunk(縮小).Inowpreferlightflavors,”ZouJing,acollegeteacherinWuhan,toldChinaDaily.Shesharedapictureofherlunch:amixtureofbeef,eggs,corn,mushroomsandcherrytomatoes.Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedwithdeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairoftheDepartmentofNutritionattheHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,theUS.Sonexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachbutmaybealsoyourheart.1.Whatarelightmeals?A.Low?calorieandhigh?fibermeals. B.Meat?freedishes.C.Sugarysnacks. D.Fat?filleddishes.2.Whatisthemainwaythattheauthorusestoprovethepopularityoflightmeals?A.Givingdescriptions. B.Givingexamples.C.Listingnumbers. D.Showingotherpeople'sviews.3.Whydomanyyoungpeopleenjoylightmealsaccordingtothearticle?A.Theycanhelpthemcontroltheirweight. B.Theyaresimpleandconvenient.C.Theyarecheaperthanothermeals. D.Theyareusuallycolorful.4.WhatdoweknowfromParagraph7?A.Lightmealswillstaypopularforawhile.B.Thereisachangeintheattitudetowardshealthyeating.C.One'seatinghabitshowstheirpersonality.D.It'simportanttoeattherightamountofgoodfood.四Phoenix,Arizona,theUSAwasstruckbyabigsandstorm(沙塵暴)recently.ItwasahugeduststormthatstruckPhoenixalittleafter7:00p.m.localtime.Arizonahassandstormsparticularlyduringthemonsoon(季風)seasonwhichusuallystartsfrommid?JuneuntiltheendofSeptember.However,thiswasthebiggest.Thecloudofdustturneddayintonight.Sometreesweredownedandgardensweredestroyedanditcutoffthepowerofthousandsoflocalpeopleinthearea,butluckilynodeathhappened.Anumberofpeople'spoolsbecamedirtywithdust.PeoplewholivedinPhoenixformorethan40yearssaidthatthiswasthefirsttimetheyhadexperiencedthishugeduststorm.Itcouldgreatlyinfluencepeople'shealth.ThebigdustcloudstartedinTucsontravelingnorthacrossthedesert.Thehugestormranupto60milesperhour.Itwasmorethan100mileswideandamilehigh.BesidesPhoenixandnearbycities,thestormalsoreachedYumaCountyinsouthwesternArizona.Itreducedthevisibility(能見度)intheseareas,puttingofftheflightsatPhoenixSkyHarborInternationalAirport.ThestormonlytakesplaceinArizona,theSaharaDesertandareasoftheMiddleEast,becauseofthedryenvironmentandlargeamountsofsand.Becauseoftheseriousshortageofrain,there'salargepossibilitythatthewaterispollutedbecauseofthestorm.1.InwhatseasondosandstormsusuallytakeplaceinArizona?A.Infallandwinter. B.Insummerandfall.C.Inwinterandspring. D.Inspringandsummer.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A.Thestorm. B.Thewind.C.Thedesert. D.Thestate.3.Whywaslocalpeopleluckyafterthebigsandstormhappened?A.People'shealthwasnotinfluenced.B.Itdidn'tdoharmtopeople'sgardens.C.Allthelocalpeopleintheareasurvived.D.Theelectricitywasnotaffectedatall.4.Whatcanprobablybethetitleofthepassage?A.Phoenix,ArizonahasmoresandstormsB.SandstormsdoagreatdealofharmtopeopleC.WemustdosomethingtopreventsandstormsD.Phoenix,Arizonaexperiencedahugesandstorm五Anotherthreeastronauts(宇航員)wentintospaceonOct.16,2021.Howdotheysleepinspace?Infact,theydon'thavebedsinthespacestationbuttheydohavesleepingbags.Duringtheday,whentheyareworking,theyleavethebagstiedtothewall,outoftheway.Atbedtimetheyuntiethemandtakethemwhereverthey'vechosentosleep.Onmostspacestationflightseveryonesleepsatthesametime.Noonehastostayawaketowatchoverthespacestation;thespacestation'scomputersandtheengineersatthemissioncontroldothat.Ifanythinggoeswrong,thecomputerswillraisethealarmandtheengineerswillcallthembyradio.

Inthespacestation,bedtimedoesn'tmeannighttime.Duringeachninety?or?so?minuteorbitthesun“rises”andshinesthroughtheirwindowsforaboutfiftyminutes,andthenit“sets”astheirspacestationtakesthemaroundthedarksideoftheEarth.Tokeepthesunoutoftheireyes,theywearblacksleepmasks.Itissurprisinglyeasytogetcomfortableandfallasleepinspace.Everyastronautsleepsdifferently—somesleepupsidedown,somesideways,andothersrightsideup.Whenit'stimetosleep,somewilltaketheirbags,theirsleepmasks,andtheirtapeplayerswithearphonesandfloatuptotheflightdeck.Thentheycrawlintothebag,andfloatinasittingpositionjustaboveaseat,andrightnexttoawindow.Beforetheypullthemaskdownove