2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEUNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT1．commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；一心一意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)→committedadj.不遺余力的；堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)信的→commitmentn．承諾；交托；信奉2．distinctadj.清晰的；清晰的；有區(qū)分的→distinctionn．差別；區(qū)分；卓著3.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開(kāi))感謝→acknowledgementn．承認(rèn)4．concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止→conclusionn．結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束5.apparentadj.自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.自不待言；看來(lái)；明顯6.sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家→scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的7.academyn．(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)探討院；學(xué)會(huì)；?？圃盒！鷄cademicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的8.objectn．物體；對(duì)象；宗旨→objectiven．目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的9.botanyn．植物學(xué)→botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的1．defeatn．失??；挫敗vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝；使困惑；難?、貽urfootballteamdefeatedtheirsthistime.vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝②Wehadtwodefeatsthisyear.n．失?。淮鞌、跿hiskindofproblemsalwaysdefeatsme.vt.使困惑；難住2．concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止①Themeetingconcludedatteno'clock.vi.結(jié)束；終止②Whenyoudidn'tarrive,weconcludedthatthecarhadbrokendown.vt.推斷出③Theyconcludedtheirresearchwiththesewords.vt.使結(jié)束3.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開(kāi)；燒開(kāi)n①Waterboilsat100degreescentigrade.vi.沸騰②Boilsomewaterforus,please!vt.煮開(kāi)；燒開(kāi)③Justbeforethemilkcomestotheboil,turndowntheheat.n．沸騰；沸點(diǎn)4.obtainvt.(尤指努力)獲得；贏得；學(xué)會(huì)vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行①Thecustomstillobtainsinsomedistricts.vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行②Itisnecessarytoobtainthepatients'permission.vt.③HeobtainedaknowledgeofLatin.vt.學(xué)會(huì)WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)1)vitaladj.必不行少的；極其重要的；充溢朝氣的(教材P2)Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria...青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分……[例1]Hisvitalandcheerfulmannerfilledthewholeteamwithcourage.他那充溢朝氣、歡快的看法使整個(gè)隊(duì)伍充溢了志氣。[例2]Itisvitalthatweshouldbekeptinformedofalldevelopments.重要的是我們必需熟識(shí)全部的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展]bevitalto... 對(duì)……很重要Itisvitaltodosth. 做某事是很重要的Itisvitalthat... ……是非常重要的(that從句中要用虛 擬語(yǔ)氣，即shoulddo,should可以省略)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Considerationforotherpeopleisvitaltoallofus.②It'svitalthatwe(should)carry(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.③Itisvitaltoprotect(protect)wildanimals.④旅游業(yè)對(duì)西班牙經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。TourismisvitaltotheSpanisheconomy.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)2)commitvt.承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；一心一意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)(教材P2)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China，on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位堅(jiān)決而有耐性的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日誕生于中國(guó)寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京高校醫(yī)學(xué)院。[例1]Wearecommittedtoimprovingservices.我們承諾改善服務(wù)。[例2]Nobodywaspreparedtocommitthemselves.誰(shuí)都不愿作出承諾。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)commit...to 把……送交/托付給……； 對(duì)……作出承諾，擔(dān)當(dāng)義務(wù)， 擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)任；使(自己)致力于……commitoneselftodo/todoing... 承諾；保證做……commitacrime 犯罪(2)committedadj. 不遺余力的；堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)信的commitmentn. 承諾；托付；擔(dān)當(dāng)義務(wù)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Theboywascommitted(commit)tothecareofhisauntyesterday.②Hehascommittedhimselftothecauseofeducation.③Hehascommittedhimselftosupport(support)them.④ThePresidentiscommittedtoreforming(reform)healthcare.⑤不管怎樣，她都不想作出承諾。Shedidn'twanttocommitherselfonewayortheother.[小片段填空]Also,betotallycommittedtowhatyoudo,asexcellenceisonlypossiblewithcommitment．此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因?yàn)橹挥型耆冻霾趴赡苓_(dá)到卓越。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)3)evaluatevt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估(教材P2)Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的團(tuán)隊(duì)查看了2000多本古老的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，并對(duì)28萬(wàn)種植物的藥用性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。[例1]Ican'tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.我沒(méi)有看到他的工作狀況，無(wú)法評(píng)估他的實(shí)力。[例2]Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit'shardtoevaluateitssuccess.該學(xué)校僅開(kāi)辦了六個(gè)月，所以還很難估計(jì)它的成就。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)evaluatesb.on/by 依據(jù)……評(píng)價(jià)某人(2)evaluationn. 估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)makeanevaluationof 對(duì)……進(jìn)行評(píng)估[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Wemustevaluateherabilityon/byherwork.②Wemustevaluate(evaluate)theconsequencescausedbythefire.＝Wemustmakeanevaluation(evaluate)oftheconsequencescausedbythefire.③這項(xiàng)證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì)致地評(píng)定。Theevidenceshouldbecarefullyevaluated．[小片段填空]Atpresent,thereexistsomeproblemsintheevaluationofteachers.Schoolsshouldperfectthemeansofevaluationandimproveevaluatinglevel.當(dāng)前老師評(píng)價(jià)中存在著一些弊端，學(xué)校應(yīng)針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題，完善評(píng)價(jià)方法，提高評(píng)價(jià)水平。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)4)obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.然后他們?cè)囍汛匦碌目喟箝_(kāi)，用從中提取的液體來(lái)治療瘧疾，但這也不管用。[例1]Differentlawsobtainindifferentplaces.不同的法律存在于不同的地方。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned,whathehaddoneobtainedhimrespect.在我看來(lái)，他的所作所為為他贏得了榮譽(yù)。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展]obtainknowledge/one'sdegree 獲得學(xué)問(wèn)/學(xué)位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 給某人帶來(lái)某物obtainsth.bydoingsth. 通過(guò)做某事獲得某物obtainsth.fromsb./sth. 從某人/物獲得某物[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Thevalueofapersoncanbeobtained(obtain)byrelativeevaluation.②Hersuccessfulperformanceobtainedgreathonourforher.③DetailscanbeobtainedfromtheDepartmentofEducation.④這種信息從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很簡(jiǎn)單獲得。SuchinformationiseasilyobtainedfromtheInternet.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)5)acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開(kāi))感謝(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失敗。[例1]Heacknowledgedhavingmadeamistake.他承認(rèn)做錯(cuò)了。[例2]Iacknowledgedhimasanexpert.我視他為專家。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth. 承認(rèn)(做了)某事acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as 承認(rèn)某人/某物是……acknowledgethat... 承認(rèn)……It'sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledgedthat... 大家公認(rèn)……(2)acknowledgementn. 承認(rèn)；感謝；謝禮[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Sheisacknowledgedtobe(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.②Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing/havingstolen(steal)thelady'spurse.③Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.④Peoplewidelyacknowledgethatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.→Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)6)(教材P2)Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她的結(jié)論是，煮沸青蒿明顯破壞了它的醫(yī)療特性。(1)concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止[例1]Weconcludednottowaitanymore.我們確定不再等了。[例2]Thedoctorsconcludedthathehadsufferedastroke.醫(yī)生診斷他中風(fēng)了。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)conclude...from... 從……中推斷出……conclude(fromsth.)that... (從某事中)推斷出……； (從某事中)斷定……concludesth.with.../bydoing... 以……結(jié)束……(2)conclusionn. 結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束draw/reach/cometo/arriveata/theconclusion 得出結(jié)論inconclusion 最終；總之；總而言之[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion(conclude).②Inconclusion,IwouldliketosaythefilmBorninChinaisworthseeing.③Sheconcludedherperformancewithapoem.④Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?⑤你從全部這一切當(dāng)中得出了什么結(jié)論？Whatdoyouconcludefromallthis?[聯(lián)想助記](méi)完成下列表示“最終；總而言之”的其他表達(dá)：①inaword②inbrief③allinall④inshort⑤onthewhole[小片段填空]Theseventhchapterisaconclusion．Theauthorstatedthefulltext'skeypointsandconcludedthisarticle'sstudyconclusion．第七章是結(jié)論，作者綜述了全文要點(diǎn)，并得出了本文的探討結(jié)論。(2)apparentlyadv.自不待言；看來(lái)；明顯[例1]Hewasapparentlymuchsurprisedatthenews.他對(duì)這個(gè)消息明顯感到非常驚異。[例2]Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwiththepromise.孩子點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，看來(lái)他對(duì)這個(gè)許諾還滿足。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove...正如上面圖畫(huà)/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣……(2)apparentadj. 自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的Itisapparentthat... 明顯……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabove,thereareabout10%studentssupportingtheidea.②Hepaused,apparently(apparent)lostinthought.③Soon,itwasapparenttoeveryonethathecouldn'tsing.④明顯他從那里什么也看不見(jiàn)。Apparentlyhecouldseenothingfromthere.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)7)insiston堅(jiān)決要求(教材P3)TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持在他們自己身上測(cè)試藥物，以確保它是平安的。[例1]Heinsistedonhisdemand.他堅(jiān)持他的要求。[例2]Sheinsistedonhermother'slivingwithher.她堅(jiān)持要她母親和她住在一起。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)insiston/upon(doing)sth.堅(jiān)決要求(做)某事(2)在“insist＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持主見(jiàn)，堅(jiān)決要求”講時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Themanagerinsistedontheworkbeingdone(do)intwohours.②Heinsistedon/uponwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.③Heinsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.④她堅(jiān)持立即就走。Sheinsistedonleavingatonce.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)(教材P2)In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探究治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的探討人員。句式分析：過(guò)去分詞chosen作名詞researchers的后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句thatwerechosen的省略。[例1]Theexperiencegainedwillgiveyoumoreconfidencetohelpyourcustomers.獲得的閱歷會(huì)給你更多的信念去幫助你的客戶。[例2]Therearemanybeautifullydecoratedhousesinthisricharea.這個(gè)富人區(qū)有很多裝飾精致的房子。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作已完成。(2)過(guò)去分詞還可以在句中作時(shí)間、緣由、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)過(guò)去分詞通常與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作已完成。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Given(give)alotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.②Used(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.③Theteachercamein,followed(follow)byagroupofstudents.④Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.→Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)upon/ondoing...當(dāng)……時(shí)；一……就……(教材P3)UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize...當(dāng)聽(tīng)到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)……句式分析：upon/ondoing...當(dāng)……時(shí)；一……就……，相當(dāng)于assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。[例1]Uponseeingher,Ismiledandrantowardher.一看到她，我就笑著向她跑去了。[例2]OnhisreturnfromJapan,Prof.Liwentdirectlytohislaboratoryandstartedworkingwithhiscolleagues.李教授剛一從日本回來(lái)就到他的試驗(yàn)室，起先和他的同事們一道工作起來(lái)。[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)一些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如：arrive,return,reach,hear,see,receive,enter,step,get,recognize,leave等，它們相應(yīng)的名詞形式或動(dòng)名詞形式用在upon或on之后可表達(dá)“一……就……”。(2)某些at引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表達(dá)“一……就……”，如：atthesightof(一看到)；atthethoughtof(一想到)；atthesoundof(一聽(tīng)到)；atthefirstopportunity/chance(一有機(jī)會(huì))等。(3)在名詞minute,moment和instant前加上定冠詞the也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)“一……就……”。它們后面可以加that，含義不變。(4)可用副詞immediately和directly來(lái)表達(dá)“一……就……”。這時(shí)，它們所起的作用相當(dāng)于連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這種用法主要用在英式英語(yǔ)及口語(yǔ)中。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①I(mǎi)mmediately(immediate)hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.②Atthesightofthepoliceofficerthethiefranoff.③I'lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.④Assoonashewentoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.→On/Upongoingoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.1．Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.[分析]主句后whose引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為T(mén)uYouyou，其中名詞短語(yǔ)acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria是artemisinin的同位語(yǔ)。[譯文]今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，她的探討發(fā)覺(jué)了青蒿素，這是一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥。2．Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.[分析]句中but連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，第一個(gè)分句中and連接表示順承關(guān)系的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作動(dòng)詞tried的賓語(yǔ)；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)obtainedfromthis作名詞liquid的后置定語(yǔ)。[譯文]然后他們?cè)囍汛匦碌目喟箝_(kāi)，用從中提取的液體來(lái)治療瘧疾，但這也不管用。教材高考1.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood，andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria，butthisdidnotworkeither.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”2.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(2024·7月浙江卷)Icouldn'tseeDon，butasIapproachedthetractorhejumpedoutontotheroad，apparentlyunhurt，anddashedbacktome.3.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100，000livesayearinAfricaalone.(2024·天津卷)Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.4.Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues，yourstrengths,yourweaknesses，yourachievements,yourdesires，etc.5.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.6.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(2024·北京卷)Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent...Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Foodandenergyarevitaltothelivelihood,developmentandstabilityofallnations.2．Sheisacknowledged(acknowledge)asanexpertonthesubjectnow.3．Sixsoldiersarereportedtohavediedfromtheirwounds.4．Threeprofessorswereaskedtomakeanevaluation(evaluate)oftheteachingplan.5．Shehascommittedherselftogo(go)atonce.6．Iaskedhimtostayforawhile,butheinsistedonleaving(leave)atonce.7．Uponhisarrival/arriving(arrive)atthespot,hefoundthatthegypsieshadgone.8．Hecontinuedtoplacesafetyaboveallotherobjectives(objective).9．Theteachertriedhisbesttoanalyse(analyse)thecauseofourfailure.10．Thegeneralbegantoworkouthisplanfordefeating(defeat)theenemy.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空diefrom,inthebeginning,bychance,drawout,commitoneselfto,insiston,riskone'slife,leadto1．Imustgo.Ihavecommittedmyselftotheclubtonightandthemembersareexpectingme.2．TheteacherinsistedonallthehomeworkbeinghandedinonMonday.3．Thefiremanriskedhislifetosavethebabyfromtheburni