備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 英語 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)分類練12　主旨大意題（3）（含解析）

考點(diǎn)分類練(十二)主旨大意題(3)Passage1(2024湖南衡陽二模)主題:人工智能詞數(shù):371難度:★★★☆☆Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere’sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan’tandshouldn’thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自動(dòng)化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn’tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEveR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole.“Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,”Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,“Feel”byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即興的)score,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirst-hand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEveR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey’reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,thehumanconductorisn’tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced.“Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,”Soo-yeolChoisaid,“butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隨著人工智能(AI)和機(jī)器人技術(shù)以驚人的速度發(fā)展,一些人擔(dān)心藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)意人才有被取代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而,韓國工業(yè)技術(shù)研究所(KoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology)的一項(xiàng)新研究恰恰說明了為什么這不能也不應(yīng)該發(fā)生。1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThefunctionoftheEveR6robot.B.ThedevelopmentoftheEveR6robot.C.TheEveR6robot’sroleasaconductor.D.ThedifficultyindesigningtheEveR6robot.答案B解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton...andstandsat1.8meters.”可知,第二段主要講述了EveR6機(jī)器人的研發(fā)過程。2.Whatcanbelearnedabout“Feel”?A.Itisapiecefamiliartotheaudience.B.Itisapieceshowingthehuman-robotcooperation.C.ItistheonlypiecethatEveR6willperform.D.Itisapiecerequiringgreatabilitytoconduct.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,‘Feel’byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind”可推知,“Feel”是一個(gè)展示人機(jī)合作的作品。3.WhatroledidSoo-yeolChoiplayintheperformance?A.Hecorrectedtherobot’smistakes.B.HeprogrammedtheEveR6robot.C.Heledtheimprovisationalsectionoftheperformance.D.HewasthemainconductoroftheBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisationalscore,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.”可知,他在表演中指揮演出的即興部分。4.WhatisSoo-yeolChoi’sattitudetowardsEveR6?A.Unclear. B.Uncaring.C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,’Soo-yeolChoisaid,‘butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.’可推知,Soo-yeolChoi對(duì)這個(gè)機(jī)器人持支持的態(tài)度。Passage2(2024山東棗莊二模)主題:聊天機(jī)器人詞數(shù):312難度:★★★☆☆Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumansandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了聊天機(jī)器人的工作原理和應(yīng)用。5.WhydoestheauthormentionSiriandAlexainparagraph1?A.Toexplainhowachatbotworks.B.Toshowwheretofindachatbot.C.Togiveexamplesofchatbots.D.Tocomparedifferentchatbots.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversation...Thankyouforvisitingoursite.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是給出聊天機(jī)器人的例子。6.Whatisthebasisofchatbots?A.Languagestudy.B.Datatransmission.C.Socialinteraction.D.Naturallanguageprocessing.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)”可知,聊天機(jī)器人的基礎(chǔ)是自然語言處理。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinforce”inparagraph4mean?A.Inspire. B.Strengthen.C.Organize. D.Match.答案B解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.”以及下文“thenitusesthoseanswersagain.”可知,“Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers”表達(dá)的意思是“你的積極回應(yīng)強(qiáng)化了它的答案”,畫線詞reinforce與strengthen“鞏固,強(qiáng)化”意思一致。8.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thefuturetrendofchatbots.B.Theauthor’spredictions.C.Theeffectsofchatbots.D.Theapplicationsofchatbots.答案D解析主旨大意題。通讀最后一段可知,最后一段主要講關(guān)于聊天機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用。Passage3(2024湖南婁底一模)主題:快時(shí)尚企業(yè)衣服生產(chǎn)過剩詞數(shù):369難度:★★★★★Theimpactoffastfashionontheenvironmentissignificant.RecentlyZara,oneofthelargestfast-fashionretailers(零售商)intheworld,putforthaconceptthatonlysustainablefabricsareusedinclothingproduction.ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulthatithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.Clothingproductiondoubledfrom2012to2022.Theaverageconsumerbought60percentmoreclothingin2022thanin2012,butkepteachgarmenthalfaslong.Andlessthanonepercentofallclothingproducedgloballyisrecycled.Ispendalotoftimereadingthecorporatesocialresponsibilityreportsoflargebrandsandinterviewingmicro-to-smallsizedenterprisestoseehowtheyapproachsustainability.Thelargestsignificantdifferencebetweenthemisculture.Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.Mostsmallbrandsareoptingtoworkunderan“anti-fashioncalendar”.Theychoosenottofollowtheintenseseasonalcalendarthatfashionfunctionsunder.Theydothisbecausewasteisoneoftheirbiggestconcerns.Theyalsodesignclothingtobeofthehighestquality,ensuringdurabilityandlongevity,soyoumaykeepitlonger.Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.

IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹快時(shí)尚企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過量的衣服,破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境,不符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展,希望他們能引入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的商業(yè)模式。9.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththenumbersaboutZarainparagraph1?A.Zaraisnoteco-friendly.B.Zaraispopularwithconsumers.C.Zaraisalargefast-fashionretailer.D.Zaraisasuccessinfashionindustry.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable...anentir