語法英語句子的八大成分定義及例句

英語句子的八大成分.主語句子一般要有主語。在簡單句中，主語一般由名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式(短語)

來充當(dāng)。動名詞、動詞不定式作主語時通常用

it

作形式主語。3■名詞作主語

English

is

very

important.

英語是很重要的。

The

students

all

love

their

English

teacher.

這些學(xué)生都愛他們的英語老師。

■代詞作主語

They

go

to

school

by

bus.

他們乘公共汽車上學(xué)。

Most

of

the

students

come

from

the

countryside.

大多數(shù)學(xué)生來自農(nóng)村。

■動名詞作主語

Watching

TV

too

much

is

bad

for

your

eyes.

看電視太多對你的眼睛是有害的。

It’s

no

use

regretting

it.

后悔是無用的。

■動詞不定式(短語)作主語

To

see

is

to

believe.

眼見為實。

It

is

very

hard

to

get

to

sleep.

入睡謂語謂語必須由動詞充當(dāng)，但動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞為非謂語動詞不能作謂語。可作謂語的動詞一般為行為動詞(表動作)和連系動詞(表狀態(tài))，行為動詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語，又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。5■及物動詞作謂語

We

should

help

each

other.

我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。

They

respect

one

another.

他們互相尊重(對方)。

Allof

the

students

like

the

novel.

所有這些學(xué)生都喜歡這本小說。

■不及物動詞作謂語

He

left

here

yesterday.

他昨天離開這兒。

You’re

driving

too

fast.

你開車開得太快了。

The

teacher

came

in,

book

in

hand.

老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著書?！鲞B系動詞表狀態(tài)

He

is

an

excellent

teacher.

他是位優(yōu)秀的教師。

Her

son

is

a

friend

of

ours.

她的兒子是我們的朋友。

Ours

is

a

great

country.

我們的國家是一個偉大的國家。

表語表語與連系動詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的身份或特征，一般由形容詞、名詞、動名詞詞、動詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。7They

are

brother

and

sister.

他們是兄妹。

Her

father

is

sixty-five.

她父親65歲。

John

is

captain

of

the

team.

約翰是足球隊的隊長。

The

poor

boy

was

myself.

那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。

All

you

need

do

is

to

take

a

taxi

from

the

airport.

你只需從機場打個的即可。

My

favourite

sport

is

swimming.

我最喜愛的運動是游泳。賓語賓語是行為動作的對象，一般可分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，充當(dāng)賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或整個句子。9I

like

Chinese

food.

我喜歡中國菜。

I

bought

a

ticket

for

Milan.

我買了一張去米蘭的車票。

I

enjoyed

talking

to

you.

我和你談話很高興。

Have

you

finished

dressing?

你衣服穿好了嗎?

He

certainly

did

not

want

to

join

them.

他確實不想?yún)⒓铀麄兊幕顒印?/p>

They

decided

to

close

the

border.

他們決定封閉邊境。

We

hoped

that

all

would

come

well.

我們希望一切都會好轉(zhuǎn)。

We

expected

that

you

would

stay

for

a

few

days.

我們預(yù)計你會待幾天的。定語定語為句子的次要成分，起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用，可分為前置定語和后置定語。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞(短語)

或句子充當(dāng)。11His

father

is

a

doctor.

他父親是一名醫(yī)生。

Mr.

Green

has

two

sons.

格林先生有兩個兒子。

The

girl

under

the

tree

is

Kate.

在樹底下的那個女孩是凱特。

The

man

downstairs

couldn’t

sleep

well.

樓下的那個人不能睡好覺。I

bought

a

new

dictionary.

我買了本新字典。

Can

you

find

out

the

answer

to

the

question？你能找到這個問題的答案嗎？

Would

you

like

something

to

drink?

你想要些喝的東西嗎？

A

man

going

to

die

is

always

kind-hearted.

人之將死，其言也善。

The

suggestion

sent

to

the

committee

was

adopted.

送往委員會的建議被采納了。

Do

you

know

the

man

who

is

standing

next

to

Mr.

Green?

你認(rèn)識站在格林先生旁邊的那個人嗎？狀語英語中的狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，主要由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞充當(dāng)或由連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示時間、地點、程度、目的、方式，比較、讓步、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨等。13(1)

時間狀語

I

often

get

up

at

5:30

in

the

morning.

我常常在早上5:30起床。

Hearing

the

news,

they

felt

very

excited.

聽到這個消息，他們感到很興奮。

(2)

地點狀語

Pandas

only

live

in

China.

熊貓僅生活在中國。

(3)

目的狀語

We’ll

go

to

the

beach

for

a

picnic

this

Sunday.

這個星期天我們將去沙灘野炊。He

took

some

change

from

his

pocket

to

buy

a

newspaper.

他從口袋里掏出一些零錢來買報紙。

She

got

up

early

so

that

she

could

catch

the

first

bus.

她早早地起床，以便能夠趕上這輛早班車。14(4)

方式狀語

We

usually

go

to

school

on

foot.

我們通常步行去上學(xué)。

Please

do

it

as

I

told

you.

請按我告訴你的去做。

(5)

讓步狀語

Though

she

has

a

lot

of

money,

she

is

unhappy.

雖然她很有錢，而她并不幸福。

No

matter

what

happens,

I

will

never

lose

heart.

無論發(fā)生什么，我將決不失去信心。

(6)

條件狀語

If

you

don’t

work

hard,

you’ll

fall

behind

the

others.

假如你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將落后于別人。

Given

more

attention,

the

flowers

would

have

grown

better.

如果給予更多的關(guān)心的話，這些花將長得更好。15(7)

原因狀語

We

didn’t

go

to

the

park

because

of

the

bad

weather.

由于天氣不好，我們沒有去公園。

Being

ill,

he

didn’t

go

to

school.

由于病了，他沒有去上學(xué)。

(8)

結(jié)果狀語

The

wind

was

so

strong

that

we

could

hardly

move

forward.

風(fēng)是如此地猛烈，以致于我們寸步難行。

He

left

early,

so

that

he

caught

the

train.

他早早地離去，(結(jié)果)

因此趕上了火車。

(9)

伴隨狀語

The

doctor

hurried

off,

with

a

medicine

box

under

his

arm.

這位醫(yī)生匆匆離去，胳膊下夾著一個藥箱子。

The

teacher

came

into

the

classroom,

followed

by

a

group

of

his

students.

老師進(jìn)到教室里來，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。賓語補足語賓語補足語主要用來補充說明賓語，與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，可由名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。17Tom

found

the

climb

quite

easy.

湯姆覺得爬山很容易。

Pleasecall

me

Jim.

不要這樣正規(guī)，叫我吉姆好了。

You

must

keep

it

clean.

你要把它保持干凈。

I

have

the

car

waiting.

我讓汽車等著。

We

had

the

machine

repaired.

我們請人修理了機器。

Why

don’t

you

have

your

hair

cut?

你為什么不理發(fā)?

He

had

his

finger

cut.

他的手指弄傷了。

I

had

my

watch

stolen

yesterday.

我的表昨天被人偷去了。

She

has

plenty

of

clothes

to

wear.

她有足夠的衣服穿。

He

made

me

repeat

the

story.

他要我把那事重講一遍。

Rain

makes

plants

grow.

雨水使植物生長。注意：后跟名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有

call,

name,

think,

make,

choose

等，后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的謂語動詞有

keep,

f