Unit1 Discovering Useful Structures - Reading for Writing 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：必修二Unit1(DiscoveringUsefulStructures—ReadingforWriting)詞匯課堂本單元詞匯梳理1.download：down+load2.professional：profession(n

職業(yè))+-al3.archaeologist：archaeology(n

考古學(xué))+-ist4.entrance：enter—entrance詞塊：theentranceto/of,theCollegeEntranceExamination5.process：詞塊：intheprocess(of)

名詞動(dòng)詞化：加工；處理6.overseas：over+seaadv近義詞：abroad7.exit：ex-(out向外)+-it(togo走)→向外走→出口反義詞：entrance

名詞動(dòng)詞化：出去；離去8.sheet：詞塊：asheetofpaper,bedsheets,answersheets9.mirror：名詞動(dòng)詞化：反射；反映10.roof：復(fù)數(shù)roofs11.dragon：詞源：dragon的原始意義為“蛇”。但數(shù)世紀(jì)以來，這個(gè)“蛇”不僅尺寸增大了，還被附上了許多可怕的特征，如帶翅膀、能吐火等，部分特征來源于中國(guó)的傳說。(注意中西文化差異)12.forgive：詞塊：forgivesbsth,forgivesbfor(doing)sth,forgiveandforget13.digital：*digit(n

數(shù)位)+-al

詞塊：thedigitalage/payment,adigitalcamera14.image：隱喻：具體的“影像”→抽象的“形象”15.throughout：through+out16.quality：詞塊：beofgood/high/poorquality

熟詞生義：品質(zhì)形近詞：quantity數(shù)量17.allovertheworld：同義詞塊：allaroundtheworld18.tradition：派生詞：traditional19.further：far的比較級(jí)；further,farther的區(qū)別

形容詞動(dòng)詞化20.historic：詞族：history,historical,historic,historian21.opinion：詞塊：insb’sopinion,ask(for)/seeksb’sopinion,

haveahigh/low/good/pooropinionof22.quote：詞塊：quotesthfromsb/sth

熟詞生義：舉例說明23.paraphrase：para-(beside在旁邊)+phrase(totell說)→在旁邊說、

告知→解釋24.comparison：compare—comparison詞塊：makeacomparisonbetweensb/sth,by/incomparison(with)25.contrast：contra(against相對(duì))+-st(tostand站)→相對(duì)而站進(jìn)行比

較→對(duì)比

詞塊：by/incontrast,incontrastwith/to,makeacontrastwith,contrastbetween…and…26.identify：identity(n

同一)+-ify(使得、使變成)→使成為同一 →“識(shí)別”特征歸于“同一”

詞族：identity,identify,identical27.forever：for+ever重難點(diǎn)詞精講further一詞多義熟詞生義搭配義compare&comparisonquality搭配義一詞多義entrance&exitopinion

搭配義identity&identify一詞多義give的搭配contrast一詞多義搭配義entrance&exitentrance高考用英語怎么說？TheNationalHigherEducationEntranceExaminationNationalCollegeEntranceExamination也可以直接用高考的漢語拼音gaokao，已經(jīng)被收錄進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典。

[C]入口；門口反exit：thestationentranceI’llmeetyouatthemainentranceto/oftheschool.

[C]

[常用單數(shù)]進(jìn)入；入場(chǎng)：Everyoneroseatthejudge’sentrance.Shemadeherentranceafteralltheotherguestshadarrived.

[U]入場(chǎng)(或入會(huì)、入學(xué)等)權(quán)/費(fèi)：anentrancefee

aschoolentranceexaminationEntrancetothemuseumisfree.entrancenentrance是enter的名詞形式■n[C]

出口；通道；安全門

反entrance：anemergencyexit

[常用單數(shù)]退場(chǎng)；退出：makeanexit

■vi&vt離開；退出(電腦程序)；退場(chǎng)exit詞源：ex-(out向外)+-it(togo走)→走出來→出口quality

n

[C]&[U]質(zhì)；質(zhì)量：goodsofpoorquality/poor-qualitygoods

improvethequalityoflife

Thismodelisofgood/highquality,butit’stooexpensive.2011湖北改

[C]

[常用復(fù)數(shù)]

品質(zhì)；品德：thequalityofhonesty

Whatqualitiesdoesagreatpersonhave?

[U]優(yōu)質(zhì)：productsofquality優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

adj[只用于名詞前]優(yōu)質(zhì)的；高質(zhì)量的adj

[只用于名詞前](距離、時(shí)間、程度上)更遠(yuǎn)的；進(jìn)一步的；更多的：atthefurtherendoftheroomWehavedecidedtotakenofurtheraction.

MycousinlefthometoAustraliaforhisfurtherstudylastyear.2010山東書面表達(dá)改Visitourwebsiteforfurtherdetails/information.further[far的比較級(jí)]adv

(距離、時(shí)間、程度上)更遠(yuǎn)地；進(jìn)一步地：Iwouldbedelightedtohavetheopportunitytodiscussmyapplicationfurtherwithyou.外研新選必④–1改Icanlendyou50dollars,butIcan’t

goanyfurther

thanthat.vt

促進(jìn)；增進(jìn)：Educationneedn’tonlybeaboutfurtheringyourcareer.further,farther兩者都為far的比較級(jí)，但是farther只用于本義“(空間距離上的)更遠(yuǎn)”。?Africaisfurther/fartherfromEnglandthanFrance.辨析形容詞動(dòng)詞化喬治·戈登·拜倫（GeorgeGordonByron，1788—1824），是英國(guó)19世紀(jì)初期偉大的浪漫主義詩(shī)人（aromanticpoet），代表作品有《恰爾德·哈洛爾德游記》(ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage)、《唐璜》(DonJuan)等。他不僅是一位偉大的詩(shī)人，還是一個(gè)為理想戰(zhàn)斗一生的勇士，積極而勇敢地投身革命，參加了希臘民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)，并成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。opinionOpinionsaremadetobechanged—orhowistruthtobegotat?—GeorgeGordonByron觀念生來就是要被改變的，否則真理如何產(chǎn)生呢？個(gè)人的“意見”have/holdanopinionaskforsb’sopinionexpress/give/offer/voiceanopinionInmyopinion,learningEnglishisastep-by-stepprocess.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionabout/onthistopic.I’vechangedmyopinionofher.opinionn

[C]意見；看法；主張whatyouthinkaboutsb/sth(view)：

[U](群體的)

觀點(diǎn)；輿論whatpeopleingeneralthinkaboutsth：legal/medicalopinionPublicopinionisinfavourofchange.

[C]專家意見；專業(yè)意見：getalawyer’sopiniononthequestionI’dlikeasecondopinion(=advicefromanotherperson)beforeImakeadecision.群體的“意見”專家的“意見”個(gè)人的“意見”群體的“意見”專家的“意見”意見；看法；主張觀點(diǎn)；輿論專家意見；專業(yè)意見opinion語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖opinion

意見基本義comparev

vt

對(duì)比；比較toexaminepeopleorthingstoseehowtheyaresimilarandhowtheyaredifferent：Weoftenmakedecisionsbycomparinginformation.①compareAto/withB把A同B作比較：IregularlycomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.2016江蘇改Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,comparedto/withhisoldone.2009重慶改②compareAandB對(duì)比A和B：It’seasiertocompareBritishandAmericanEnglishnowthatwehavetheInternet.

vi比得上；相比tobesimilartosb/sthelse,eitherbetterorworsethansb/sthelse：Nothingcancomparewithamother’slove.

Thishousedoesn’tcomparewithourpreviousone.

vt

比喻；比擬：compareAtoB把A比作B：Wecomparedthebravemantoalion.

Youngpeopleareoftencomparedtotherisingsun.comparenotes(withsb)

(與某人)

交換意見：Iintendedtocomparenoteswithmyfriendsoncurrentaffairs.詞族：compare,comparable,comparative,comparisoncomparisonn[C]&[U]比較；比擬：makeacomparisonbetweensb/sthBy/Incomparisonwithlastyear,thepriceofbeefhasincreased.contrast詞源解讀contrast由contra

“against”+

stare

“tostand”構(gòu)成，即“相對(duì)而站進(jìn)行比較”。contrast■vt&vi

(使)形成對(duì)照；(使)形成對(duì)比：Inhisbook,thewritercontrastsgoodwithevil.Hisactionscontrastsharplywithhispromises.■n[C]&[U]差異；對(duì)比；對(duì)照：theeconomicandsocialcontrastsbetweenthepoorandtherichby/incontrast相比之下：Bycontrast,MrsYoungwasmuchmoreoutsopken.

incontrastwith/to與……對(duì)比；與……相反：Incontrasttohiswife,Bushhaslittleappetiteforforeigntravel.makeacontrastwith與……形成對(duì)比：Thewhitewallsmakeacontrastwiththeblackcarpet.辨析compare:側(cè)重比較兩個(gè)或更多東西的異同優(yōu)劣，強(qiáng)調(diào)相同或類似之處，實(shí)際為求同而比較。?Shakespearecomparedtheworldtostage.contrast:側(cè)重比較兩個(gè)或更多東西之間的差異，強(qiáng)調(diào)不同點(diǎn)。實(shí)際為求異之對(duì)比。

In?contrast,?the?lives?of?children?in?well-to-dofamilieswereoftenverysheltered.?如此熟悉的identity

生活中我們經(jīng)常聽到ID這個(gè)詞，可同學(xué)們是否知道它的真正含義呢？ID是英文Identity的縮寫，是“身份標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào)碼”的意思,也稱為“序列號(hào)或帳號(hào)”，是某個(gè)體系中相對(duì)唯一的編碼。如“學(xué)號(hào)”、“身份證號(hào)碼”、“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)址”等。identity學(xué)identify之前需要先學(xué)identity詞源解讀identity的詞源義即“同一”、“同一性”(sameness,oneness,stateofbeingthesame)。同一性：同一類事物共同具有的典型特征，這個(gè)典型特征是這類事物區(qū)別于其他事物的地方。人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別：1.人能直立行走；2.人會(huì)語言交流；3.人會(huì)制造工具、使用工具；……identityn

[C]&[U][縮寫為ID]身份：anidentitycard(IDcard)

[C]&[U](區(qū)別人或群體的)個(gè)性

/特征：Afteryearsofperforming,hefeltthatinsomewayshehadlosthisidentity.Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforthedevelopmentofadultidentity.

2016北京改identify

vt

認(rèn)出；識(shí)別

torecognizeandcorrectlynamesb/sth：Hewastoofarawaytobeabletoidentifyfaces.Oneofthe17peoplekilledintheschoolshootingwasidentifiedasJamie.

確認(rèn)；找出

tofindordiscoversb/sth：Tobeeffective,youneedtoidentifyyourstrengthsandconcentrateonthem.2009浙江根據(jù)具體特征識(shí)別根據(jù)抽象特征識(shí)別identify(v)由identity(n)加后綴-(i)fy(使得，使變成)構(gòu)成，其詞源義是“使成為同一”。隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展衍生出“確認(rèn)”、“識(shí)別；證實(shí)”，“表明……的身份”等釋義，這幾層意思都含有“識(shí)別同一性”的意思。identify詞源解讀

表明……的身份

tobeasignthatshowswhoorwhatsb/sthis：Hisaccentidentify

himasaFrenchman.identifysb/sthwithsth認(rèn)為某人/某物等同于某物：Youshouldnotidentifywealthwithhappiness.特征使之被識(shí)別identifywithsb/sth認(rèn)同某人/某物；與某人/某物有同感：Ididn’tenjoythebookbecauseIcouldn’tidentifywithanyofthemaincharacters.使成為同一(identify)“識(shí)別”特征歸于“同一”根據(jù)人或事物的具體特征“識(shí)別”根據(jù)人或事物的抽象特征“識(shí)別”人或事物的特征“使之被識(shí)別”認(rèn)出；識(shí)別確認(rèn)；找出表明……的身份identify語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

Onceuponatime…Hisevilfaceidentifiedhimasabadperson._____________So,LittleRedRidingHood(LRRH

)wasverycarefulwithhim.However,shetoldthewolfthatshewasgoingtohergrandmother’shouse.表明……的身份identify根據(jù)上下文，猜測(cè)畫線單詞的釋義。

GraywolfandLittleRedRidingHoodThe

LRRH

failedto

identifythegreywolffromhergrandmother.

_____________Apassed-byhunteridentifiedthattherewassomethingwrongwiththesnore(打呼嚕)._____________Soon,thehunterfoundtheidentityofthesleepingguywasthegreywolf!_____________確認(rèn)；找出(發(fā)現(xiàn))身份認(rèn)出；識(shí)別常見動(dòng)詞give的搭配give

(交)給；給予；提供

贈(zèng)送

使產(chǎn)生；引起

做

(一次性動(dòng)作)?發(fā)表

(講話等)；舉辦(演出、聚會(huì)等)givesbsth,give(sth)tosbgivedirectionsgivesbachance/anopportunitygivesbadvice/suggestionsgiveinformationgivesbaid/helpgivewaytogivesbsth,give(sth)tosbgivesbconfidencegiveattentiontosbgivesbacallgiveatry/gogiveasmilegiveahuggiveaconcertgivealecturegiveaspeechgiveakissgiveapartygiveawaygivebackgiveingiveaoffgiveaoutgiveaup短語動(dòng)詞隨堂檢測(cè)entrance&exit一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.I’llmeetyouatthemainentranceoftheschool. _________________2.ItisnowcommonknowledgethattheCollegeEntranceExaminationisheldonJune6and7annually.

(2014四川) _________________3.Chargingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway._________________4.Toexitfromthispage,pressthereturnkey. _________________5.There’safireexit

oneachfloorofthebuilding. _________________門(口)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試/高考門票二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thegirlstoppedthecarneartheentrance___________themarket.to/of退出消防通道quality一、根據(jù)漢語，寫出單詞的正確形式。1.My__________(質(zhì)量)oflifehasimprovedsinceImovedtothecountry.2.Hehasalotofgood_____________(品質(zhì))suchashonestyandindependence.二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Thislaptop_________________________(質(zhì)量好),butit’stooexpensive.(2011湖北改)2.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofriceto_______________________(改善水質(zhì)).(2018全國(guó))quality

qualities

isofgood/highquality

improvewaterqualityfurther一、在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Icanlendyou50dollars,butIcan’tgoany

(far).二、寫出下列句子中畫線部分精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義。1.MycousinlefthometoAustraliaforhisfurtherstudy

lastyear.

(2010山東)

2.Asyougofurthersouth,youwillnoticeagradualchangeofclimate.

3.Hespenthislifeinfurtheringthecauseofworldpeace.

深造更遠(yuǎn)further促進(jìn)一、翻譯下列詞塊。1.在某人看來_______________2.征求某人的意見_______________3.某人的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)_______________二、根據(jù)漢語提示，完成下列句子。1.Everyonehastherightto_________________________(表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)).2.Themediahasapowerfulinfluenceon_______________(輿論).3.Whetherornotthisisusefulis__________________(看法問題).ask(for)/seeksb’sopinionsb’spersonalopinionpublicopinionopinioninsb’sopinionexpressanopinion/anideaamatterofopinion一、在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.A_____________(compare)ofthisyear’sfigures(數(shù)據(jù))withlastyear’sshowsthattheeconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isimproving.2.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,_____________(compare)with16%in1991.(2020全國(guó))3.Inthelastparagraph,theAtlanticiscompared_____________aflesh(肉)andbloodperson.compare&comparisoncomparisoncomparedto二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1._____________________(與……相比較)Westerners,Easternersarelikelytoexaminetheeyesmoreattentively.(2010湖南)2.InNewYork,highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys—13.8%,farbelowthenationalaverage.______________