2024屆上海黃浦區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)試題及答案

黃浦區(qū)2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語(yǔ)試卷2023年12月完卷時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：140分)第I卷(共100分)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:SectionA,heartenshortconversationsbetweenspeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionsbespokenonlyonce.Afterhearaconversationandthequestionaboutreadthefourpossibleanswersonyouranddecidewhichonethebestanswerthequestionhaveheard.1.A.Atabookstore.Atthetrainstation.Inaclockshop.D.Onthestreet.Themanexpectingprintedtextbooks.D.Neitherofthemneedstablets.They'reworththeprice.2.A.TheybothpreferE-textbooks.Theagainsttheuseoftablets.3.A.They'reformal.They'reout-of-date.D.They'repoor4.A.aroommate.Moveaneatroom,PostanadforaD.Replyanad,5.A.thecomputerbeautiful.thecomputerwork6.A.ThetheatrepopularLondon.Londonersshouldhaveseentheforeignmovie.Londonershadbetterlearnforeignerlanguages.protecthiseyes.D.keepthecomputerawayfrombluelight.D.ThereagreatdemandforforeignmoviesLondon.7.A.Themissedthediscount.Thequalifiedforthediscount.D.Thejointhenewclasses.Thefailsclassontime.8.A.ChaseeachChatwhileeating.Prepareforarace.D.Serveasnack.9.A.suitableforherlearningstyle.prefersconnectnotesawantsdifferentlearn.D.canstronglysmoothheremotion.10.A.Thehuntingforthedisappearanceofthebirds.Thecauseofthedeclinetheducks'numberuncertain.unhappytheclimatechangethroughouttheworld.D.Themanshouldfindscientificevidenceforthebirds'extinction.第1頁(yè)共12頁(yè)SectionBDirections:Sectionhearonelongerconversationandshortpassages.Aftereachconversationorpassage,beaskedseveralquestions.Theconversationandthepassagesbereadtwice,butthequestionsbespokenonlyonce.Whenhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswerthequestionhaveheard.Questionsthrough14arebasedonfollowingconversation.A.askforherhelp.applyfortheentryforthecompetition.D.confirmtheofhisbackhiscopyofdrawing.12.A.ImprovingthedesignsofsavingDesigningatypicaldomestickitchenappliance.DevelopinganewusefortheexistingD.Adoptingdifferentapproachesexistingproblems.13.A.Theysellwell.Theyoftencosttoomuch.14.A.pushabutton.decoratethepool.Theydon'tlookappealing.D.Theyappearance.tumontheD.breaktheglass.Questions15through17arebasedonfollowingpassage.15.A.Accordinghowimportanttheworkis.Accordingwhentheworkoccursyou.Accordinghowmuchlikethesubject.D.Accordingwhentheworkshouldbecompleted.16.A.avacation,Rewardyourselfforfinishingasummeractivities.17.A.ThosewholackforThosewhopreferstudyrelaxation.D.Dosomethingplannedadvance.Thosewhoaregoodatmakingaplan.D.ThosewhoplanstudyQuestions18through20arebasedonfollowingpassage.18.A.Theyexpectseereceivers'happiness.Theyregardthemasfashionableappliances.Theywantshowtheirtastegiftchoices.D.Theyvaluethefeelingsdeliveredbythegifts.19.A.Theirappearance.TheirpackagingTheirpriceD.Theirusefulness20.A.onthewishFollowagift-givingprocess.giversdirectlywhatwewant.D.BrowseAmazonbuy第2頁(yè)共12頁(yè)II.GrammarSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagetheblanksthepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.theblanksagivenword,eachblanktheproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbesteachblank.ReconsideringStaycationalwaysbeendoubtfulofthestaycation.Thenewly-inventedwordtoocutefor__21___feelslikeacomfort:otherpeopleareexploringtheBlueLagoonbycampervan,stayyourownhomeandyourusualsupermarket__22__cookies!IamfascinatedthankscolleagueCatherinePearson,thatI__23__(understand)staycationawrongmytendency__24__(take)abreakwithoutaplanunlikelyproducearestorativeeffect.Instead,oneshouldgoodpreparationsforthatperiodoftime.JaimeKurtz,apsychologyprofessoratJamesMadisonUniversityandtheauthorofHappyUnpackingtheSecretsofBetteradvises___25___(ask)oneself,“IfIweremovingawaysoon,whatwouldIwantdo,andwhowouldImostwantspendwith?”Ilikethissaying"Liveeverydayaswereyourlast."Anyreminderthatflyingagoodone___26___itliveThisweekend,could,forinstance,seekouticecream___27__doesn'ttasteterrible.couldrunningapool,whicheasieronthejointsbutasasrunningonland.couldforawalkorawhilelistening"SlowRadio,"acomfortingpodcast___28___(feature)soundsofthenaturalworld.Whetherornothaveapropervacation___29___(plan)forthecomingweeks,couldenvisionanycomingweekendasowntwo-daymini-break,programmingaswouldasomewhereajourney____30____(exciting)thanjust"sleepasmuchaspossible"and"mowthelawn".第3頁(yè)共12頁(yè)SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereonewordthanneed.A.airflowsblock.challenges.D.cool.criticallydisproportionatelyK.stretchesG.PrinciplesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificSkywellAskywell,or“tianjin”,ascommonlycalled,atypicalfeatureofatraditionalhomesouthernandeasternChina.Skywellsweredesignedreducetemperaturebuildingswellbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwindblowsaboveaskywellhouse,canentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening.Becauseoutdoorairoftencoolerthanindoortheincomingwindtravelsdownthewallsthelowerstoriesandcreates___31___byreplacingwarmerindoorwhichrisesandleavesthroughtheopening.Thepurposeofaskywellallowlight,improveventilation(通風(fēng))andharvestInHuizhou,askywellsmallbuttall,andtheroomsaround___32___outsunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellstaycool.Meanwhile,hotairinsidethehousecanriseandescapethroughtheopeningabovetheskywell.Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthe___33___behindskywellswhiledesigningnewbuildingsOneexampletheNationalHeavyEngineeringResearchCentretheeasternChinesecityofJinan.The18-storeyglass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellthemiddle,which___34___fromthethetopTheelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,whichhelpsimprovethelightingandventilationand__35__theoverallconsumption.Ancient“greenwisdom”suchasskywellscontinueinspiretoday'sclimateadaptivedesignandinnovationsmethodsthatdependondesignandtechnology___36___abuildingwithouttheuseofthereare_37_forbringingskywellsintomoderndesigns.Themechanismsofcourtyardsfacilitatingnaturallighting,ventilationandraincollectionarewellknown,butapplyingthesemethodsneedsbe___38___.Becausetraditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere___39___dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings,addingskywellsintomodernbuildingsrequiresdesignersbe___40___theirproject'scontextandsituation,makingdifficultapplythemasauniversalsolution.第4頁(yè)共12頁(yè)III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:eachblankthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,CandD.Filleachblankthewordorphrasethatbestthecontext.notmything,butonedishIcannotlivewithoutonThanksgivingmySnowyMashedPotatoes.Istart___41___thesepotatoes,myannualtime-releasecapsuleofpurejoyearlyprettysurehadthemateveryThanksgivingsinceIwasaandbitesoftentransportmebackyearsanddifferentdiningrooms.Howandwhythatcertainfoodsusso___42___?Andwhatcanbesaidaboutthekindsoffoodsweconsidercomforting?Sciencetellsusthattasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowfoodsusfeel,butcertainfoodsareespecially___43___satisfyingforreasonsthathavelittledotheirtasteornutritionalcontent.Muchofthehappinesswefromourfavoritefoodscomesfromthememoriestheystimulateforusandthepeoplewhilewe___44___Pastandpresent___45___shapethefoodswefindcomfortingOften,wefoodbecausewehave___46___memoriesassociatedmashedpotatoes(土豆泥)remindofholidayjoyandpastreunionsextendedarealsodrawnfoodsweweregivenearlybypeoplewhocaredforus,whichcanhelpexplainour___47___forchickennoodlesoup,whichparentsfeedtheirsickchildrenthemfeelThesmelloffoodcan___48___powerfulmemories,too.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingdirectlyconnectstheamygdala,abrainregionthatprocessesemotions,andthehippocampus,whichhandlesAndourmemoryforsmells___49___andprecise,especiallywhencomessmellwewerefirstexposedchildhood.whycatchtheofpumpkinpiebakingtheovenandbetransportedbackthefirstbakedyourThese___50___cantheothertoo.Sometimesfeel___51___wheneatfoodsthatremindoflovedonesmiss.mayalso___52___foodsthatweassociatebadexperiences.Inadditionpastmemories,the___53___whichweeatfoodsshapeshowmuchweenjoythemthemoment,andourgustatory(味覺(jué)的)experiencescanbe___54___byasenseofasenseofwarmthandenjoyingI___55___SnowyMashedPotatoesthatmuchmoretodaybecauseIeatthemhusbandandchildren,thethreepeopleImosttheworld.41.A.cuttingdownon42.A.perspective43.A.emotionally44.A.enjoylookingforwardpleasurefinanciallymemorizemenusmakingforspaceD.puttingawayD.transitionD.visuallyD.recallphysicallyorder45.A.company46.A.cultural47.A.collective48.A.awakeoutlookphotographiclostD.recipesD.sharedfondcreativeD.parentalD.recordcorrectpreservelong-lastingfoods49.A.bitter-sweet50.A.associations51.A.alertfreshD.selectiveD.memoriesD.sadexperiencesamazeddisappointedstore52.A.avoidconsumebackgroundofferedD.swallowD.emotionD.weakenedD.digested53.A.areacontextreflectedcopied54.A.enhanced55.A.adaptedappreciated第5頁(yè)共12頁(yè)SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassagefollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestaccordingtheinformationgiventhepassagehaveread.(A)KatalinandDrewwhotogetheridentifiedaslightchemicalchangemessengerwereawardedtheNobelPhysiologyorMedicinethisKarikó,the13ltheprize,hadtheUnitedStatesfromHungarydecadesearlierwhenherresearchprogramthereranoutofwaspreoccupiedbymRNA,whichprovidesinstructionscellsproteins.Defyingthedecades-oldbeliefthatwasclinicallyunusable,sheholdthethatwouldstimulatemedicalinnovations.andhadtheirfirstchancemectingoveracopymachineattheUniversityofPennsylvania1998.Atthetime,wasdesperatefornewapproachesavaccine(疫苗)againstH.I,whichhadlongprovedimpossibledefendagainst.AphysicianwhohadtriedandfailedforyearsdevelopatreatmentforhewonderedheandKarikocouldteamupanH.I.vaccine.years,theywereataloss.MicevaccinatedmRNAinactive.Countlessexperimentsfailed.TheywandereddownonedeadendafterButthescientistsdiscoveredthatcellsprotecttheirownaspecificchemicalmodification(修飾).theytriedmakingthechangemanufacturedthelabbeforevaccinatingintocells.Itworked.Atfirst,otherscientistswereuninterestedtakingupthatnewapproachvaccination.Butbiotechcompaniessoontooknotice:Moderna,theUnitedStates,andThenthecoronavirusemerged.AlmostDrs.Karikoandworktogetherseveralfactorsofresearchputvaccinemakersaheadofthedevelopingshot.BriananimmunologistattheUniversityofCambridge,said.“TheworkofKatalinKarikoandDrewtheyearsprior2020preventedtensofmillionsofdeathsandhelpedtheworldrecoverfromtheworstpandemicaTheyrichlydeservethisrecognition."56.Theunderlinedword"defying”(paragraph2)closestmeaningto"_________.A.challengingconfirmingre-emphasizingD.stating57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKarikoandresearch?A.TheyteamedupforthetreatmentforAIDSTheyprotectedtheirmRNAachemicalmodification.Theypersevereduntiltheyachangelab-mademRNA,D.TheymanufacturedmRNAmicedespitetheircountlessfailures.58.AccordingBrianKarikoanddeservetherecognitionbecauseA.theytooknonoticeofothers'ignorancetheycaughtattentionofbiotechcompaniestheirworkhelpedavoidthelossofcountlesslivesD.theirworkpreventedtheoutbreakofthepandemic59.Whichofthefollowingthebestforthepassage?A.ChemicalChangesIdentifiedthePandemicApproachesAdoptedDefendAgainstH.I.VNobelCovidPioneersD.mRNAManufacturedaUniversityLab第6頁(yè)共12頁(yè)SAFEGUARDSThericecookercanbeusedbychildrenagedfrom8yearsandaboveandpersonsreducedphysical,sensoryormentalcapabilitiesorlackofexperienceandknowledgetheyhavebeensupervised/instructedandunderstandthebazardsinvolved.Childrenshallnotplaytheappliance.Cleaningandusercareshallnotbedonebychildrenunlesstheyareolderthan8andsupervised.Keeptheapplianceandoutofreachofchildrenunder8years.Ifthedamaged,mustbereplacedbythemanufacturer,serviceagent,orsomeonesimilarlyqualified,avoidhazard.Theproductuser-serviceable.Ifnotreadtheinstructions,checktheplugfuse(保險(xiǎn)絲)andfuse.Ifnotconsultyour(零售商).Ifthatdoesn'ttheproblem-ringCustomerService-theybeabletechnicaladvice.Iftheyadvisereturntheproductus,packincludeanoteyourname,address,dayphoneandwhat'swrong.underguarantee,saywhereandwhenpurchased,andincludeproofofpurchase.Sendto:CustomerServiceSpectrumBrands(UK)LtdFailsworth,ManchesterOHSemail:support@telephone:03456589700Pleasenote:Ifhavepurchasedtheproductwithinthelast6months,pleasecontacttheretailerfirstdealanymattersrelatingguarantee.GUARANTEEFaultsaffectingproductfunctionalityappearingwithintheguaranteeperiodbecorrectedbyreplacementorrepairatouroptionprovidedtheproductusedandmaintainedaccordancetheinstructions.legalrightsarenotaffected.Guaranteeperiodyearsfromfirstretailpurchase.claiman1-yearguarantee,registeryourproductonlinewithin28daysofpurchase.Registerat:russellhobbs.co.uk/productregister!Consumablesareguaranteedonlyfortheirrecommendedlifecycle.Replacementsareexcludedandareonlycoveredbya1-yearguarantee.60.Whatcandothericecooker?A.Theycancleanorrepairalone.Theycanuseproperinstruction.Theycanplayaslongasnotuse.D.Theycansupervisetheiryoungerbrotherswhouse61.Jenniferboughtaricecooker10monthsandnowtheresomethingwrongwhatcanshedo?A.Callherretailerextendtheguaranteeperiod.Self-checktheappliancebeforeaskingforhelp.Emailsupport@fortechnicaladvice.D.Returnthecookercontact&purchasinginformationwithouttherecipe.62.canreplaceafaultyricecookerthethirdyearfromyourpurchaseA.hasbeenrepairedbyyourretaileroraserviceagenttheproductfunctionalityhasn'tbeenaffectedseriouslyhaveregisteredthecookeronlineassoonasbuyD.consumablesareguaranteedfortheirrecommendedlifecycle第7頁(yè)共12頁(yè)(C)①Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentcompanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandinsistingthatthecompanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonplatformscausechildrenoveruseTheaccusationsthelawsuitraiseadeeperquestionaboutbehavior:Areyoungpeoplebecomingaddictedsocialmediaandtheinternet?Here'swhattheresearchhasfound.②DavidGreenfield,apsychologistandfounderoftheCenterforInternetandAddictionHartford,Conn.,saidthedevicesuserspowerfulapproaches.One“intermittentreinforcement,”whichcreatestheideathatausercouldarewardatanytime.Butwhentherewardcomesunpredictable.Adultsareeasilyinfluenced,henoted,butyoungpeopleareparticularlyatrisk,becausethebrainregionsthatareinvolvedresistingtemptationandrewardarenotnearlyasdevelopedchildrenandteenagersasadults.theadolescentbrainespeciallyaccustomedsocialconnections,and“socialmediaallaperfectopportunityconnectotherpeople.”③manyyears,thescientificcommunitytypicallydefinedaddictionrelationsubstances,suchasdrugs,andnotbehaviors,suchasgamblingorinternetuse.Thathasgraduallychanged.2013,theDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders,theofficialreferenceformentalhealthconditions,introducedtheideaofinternetgamingaddiction.④Asubsequentstudyexploredbroadeningthedefinition"internetaddiction."Theauthorsuggestedfurtherexploringdiagnosticcriteriaandthelanguage,forinstance,notingthattermslike“problematicuse”andeventheword"internet"wereopenbroadinterpretation,giventhemanytheinformationanddeliverycantake.⑤MichaelRich,thedirectoroftheDigitalLabatBostonChildren'sHospital,saidhediscouragedtheuseoftheword"addiction"becausetheinternet,usedandwasnotmerelyusefulbutalsoessentialeverydaylife.⑥GreenfieldagreedthatthereclearlyarevaluableusesfortheinternetandthatthedefinitionofhowmuchtoomuchcanButhesaidtherealsowereobviouscaseswhereimmoderateusedisturbsschool,sleepandothervitalaspectsofahealthylife.youngconsumers"can'tputdown,"hesaid."Theinternet,includingsociallikeMeta,arethedrugsaffectingthemind."63.Whatwasaccusedof?A.addedproblematicfeaturesplatform.Itstartedadiscussionmisleadyoungpeople.Ittemptedchildrenusesocialtoomuch.D.conductedillegalresearchonparent64.AccordingDavidGreenfield,userstendbeaddictedsocialmediaandtheinternetdue_______.A.theirunder-developedbraintherandompatternofrewardstheirdesirebesociallyconnectedD.thepossibilityofescapingfromreality65.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutthestudyintroducedParagraph4?A.Addictionsomethingaboutbehaviorsinsteadofsubstances.Theonlinelanguagecanbeinterpretedfromabroadperspective.Currentdiagnosticcriteriaof"internetaddiction”isn'tD.Thereshouldbeanagreementonthedefinitionoftheword"internet".66.MichaelRichandDavidGrecnfieldbothagreethat_________.A.properuseoftheinternetdoesgoodchildrentheinternetfordisturbinghealthytherearecasesagainstimmoderateuseoftheinternetD.theword"addiction"isimproperlyusedontheinternet第8頁(yè)共12頁(yè)SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.eachblankapropersentencegiventhebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearemoresentencesthanneed.A.DoIevenwantOnwhoseclock?Whyshouldchallengethatsecrettimelineofmilestonesyourhead?Thistime,quittingherjobledherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.D.Insteadoffeelingpressurehiteventsonsomeoneelse'stimeline,maybefineourown.Peoplearefeelingthey'refallingbehind,whenfactthey'reprobablydoingexactlywhattheyshould.spentyearsfeelinglikeanoutsiderandfailureasshewatchedherpeersriseschoolandworkfiguringshe'dnevercatchup.DefiningSuccessonOwncollegeoutofschool.therule,right?”asalestrainerandconsultantoutsideJacksonville,notthecaseforsheherundergraduatedegreeat28.________67________Onebyone,shemissedthemilestonesshe'denvisionedimaginarydreamlife:earningsixfiguresby30,buyingahouseby35.Thenshehitone—attainingahigh-levelexecutivepositionadidn'tthejob.didsittingaroundthedinnertablelaughingher"________68________"sheaskedherself.endedupleavingthejob,andstartedwonderaboutallthosemilestones.DaniellePonderhadacareerasalawyerbeforededicatingherselfsingingfulltime.asapublicdefenderN.,DaniellePonderwouldfrequentlyGoogle,“Didanyoneaftertheof35?”Atonepoint,shequitherdayjob,onlyreturnayearandahalfduethepandemicanddisappointingbookings.Onthelastdayof2021,fivedaysbeforeher40shetriedagain._________69________“IknowIcouldsurvivethishappeningmeat19,”shesays.thinksherinsecureteenselfwouldn'thavehandledthestressofthepublicwell.Itcanbehardatransitionlaterlife._______70_______第9頁(yè)共12頁(yè)SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagenomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whycompanieshiringengineers?thenewgenerativeAItools,anyonecanputaprompt—typeafewwordsandaresult.Butthatdoesn'tmeanthattheresultsberelevantoraccurate.Theputtingtheprompt.whybusinessesarenowhiringpromptengineers-peopletheskills,backgroundandpracticetalkso-calledAlsystems-andwhypeopleexpectpromptengineeringbeadesirableskillforkindsofworkersaddtheirresumés.Ingeneral,themoredetailedtherequest,theclosertheresponsewhattheuserlookingButthemostpromptengineeringgoesbeyondaddingdetail.onething,addingthedetailthebestresponsecrucial.Also,therearemanyguidehowanAIsystempresentstheinformationfinds,dependingonthegoal—tellingacertainstyleorforacertainaudience,forinstance.Eachtoolalsohasparticularcapabilitiesandlimitationsthatuserscanlearntackle.Andthebestresultsoftenfromanextendedconversationthereactingwhatproducesandaskingforrefinements.Evenforpeopleapplyingjobsthatdon'tclearlymentionpromptengineering,havingthisskillcouldbecomeessentialforallsortsofroles.ArtdirectorscouldusegenerativeAIoutlineideas,andmarketerscouldusedevelopnewslogans.Softwareengineerscouldusefindproblemstheircode.LawyerscoulduseresearchapieceofThisgoingbeafoundationalskillthatallofusneedThethroughlinewhenlearnanewskill,cananydirectionlike.第10頁(yè)共12頁(yè)第卷(共40分)Directions:thefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiventhebrackets.72.參觀這家博物館能帶你回到2030年代。(visit)73.新軟件能夠以超出預(yù)期的速度處理數(shù)據(jù)。(capable)74.超市離我家步行