動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：does/do/am/is/are2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/aredoing 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/havedone

4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：has/havebeendoing5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shalldo 6.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：willbedoing7.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：did/was/were

8.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/weredoing 9.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：haddone 10.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：woulddo 高考英語(yǔ)考綱十種時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法:1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:often/usually,every…,sometimes,onSunday。2)表示不受時(shí)間限制的科學(xué)事實(shí)、客觀真理及諺語(yǔ)格言。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.3)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃安排好的將來(lái)必定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

Theflighttakesoffat2:00p.m.TomorrowisSunday.

4)條件狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.Iwillgiveittohimifhecomesthisafternoon.2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：1）.am;is;areTheyareintheclassroom.2）.動(dòng)詞原形Ioftengotoworkbybus.3）.第三人稱單數(shù)形式：-(e)sHegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式構(gòu)成stay________,carry______,do________,watch________stayscarriesdoeswatches3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞Thefactoryproduce1000machineseveryday.______________________________________.1000machinesaremadebythefactoryeveryday.標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often,usually,always,everyday,sometimes,onSundays.IamaSenior3studentnow.ThelifeinSenior3_____(be)muchbusierthanbefore.Allmyclassmates______(work)veryhardeveryday.Toentermydreamuniversity,Imakegooduseofeveryminutetostudyandso_____(do)mybestfriend,LiHua.Wewillhaveamathexaminationthisafternoon.It_______(start)at2:30.However,LiHuastill_____(have)someproblemstosolveandI’vepromisedtohelphim.doesisworkstartshas二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)2.用法：

1)表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。WearehavingEnglishclassnow.2)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。

SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.1.謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成形式:be(am,are,is)+doing3)進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,多用于表位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如:come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay.I’mleavingforChangshatomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+beingdone

Theyarebuildingabridge._________________________________________.Abridgeisbeingbuiltbythem.Practice1.Listen!Someofthegirls___________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.(talk)2.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?（smell）3.Diane___________(wash)herhaireveryotherdayorso.4.Iwrotetomyfriendlastweek.Shehasn’tansweredmyletteryet.I________________(wait,still)forareply.5.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou____________thisjob?(offer)6.It_____________(snow,not,often)inmycountry.7.Theold_______________(take)goodcareofinthecenter.8.Anewhouse_______________(build)atthecorneroftheroadnow.aretalkingsmellswashesamstillwaitingareoffereddoesn’toftensnowaretakenisbeingbuilt三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法:在過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in2015等。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式1).Was/wereTheywereintheclassroomwhenIwentthere2).動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式Theywenttosurftheinternetlastnight.動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式構(gòu)成形式：listen________study_________stay________change________stop___________come________.teach________listenedstudiedstayedchangedstoppedcametaughtPractice:I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_______(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe____________(nothave）somuchhomeworktodoasnow.We______(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidn’thavewere3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：

was/were+過(guò)去分詞Hewroteabooklastmonth.---________________________________.Abookwaswrittenbyhimlastmonth.四、

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing2.用法:表示過(guò)去某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastnight,when…,while…Iwasdoingmyhomeworkattenlastnight.HewasworkinginhisgardenwhenIvisitedhimyesterday.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+beingdone.Atthattime,theywerebuildingabridge.______________________________________.Abridgewasbeingbuilt(bythem)atthattime.Practice:1.I________(call)Rogerlastnight,buthe________(be,not)athome.He______________(study)atthelibrary.2.Mybrotherandsister_________________(argue)aboutsomethingwhenI________(walk)intotheroom.3.Shirley___________(write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.4.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___________(work)ataradioshopatthattime.5.Lotsofsoldiers________________(send)torescuethepeopletrappedinthefloodyesterday.7.He__________(break)hislegwhenhe___________(play)inafootballmatchagainstanotherschoo1．8.Lastyear,whenIpassedhere,thelibrary______________________.(build)calledwasn’twasstudyingwerearguingwalkedwaswritingwasworkingweresentbrokewasplayingwasbeingbuilt五、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用（常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如tomorrow、nextweek等）

構(gòu)成形式：will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形。2)

表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。Iamgoingshoppingtomorrow.一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will/shallbe+過(guò)去分詞Theywillbuildanewlibraryhere.----________________________________Anewlibrarywillbebuilthere.六、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.用法:過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中.2.結(jié)構(gòu):should/would+動(dòng)詞原形Theboypromisedhe____________(work)hard.ItoldmyparentsI____________(return)early.wouldworkwouldreturn過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：wouldbedone.Hesaidtheywouldbuildanotherlibraryhere.____________________________________________Hesaidanotherlibrarywouldbebuilthere7.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1).將來(lái)某時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+willbedoing3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Soon,tomorrow,thisevening，bythistimetomorrow等Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.IwillbewatchingTVatsixthisevening.Practice1.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe___________(leave)officesoon.2.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I___________(go)andturnitoff.3.Byfiveo’clockthisafternoon,I____________(watch)afootballmatch.4.Hundredsofjobs___________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.5..AtalkonChinesehistory__________(give)intheschoolhallnextweek.6.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they___________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.wouldleavewillgowillbewatchingwillbelostwillbegivenwillincrease七、

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu):have(has)+過(guò)去分詞2.用法:1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),通常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,inthepast6years,since…,for…等。IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.2)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once等。

Wehavefinishedourlunchalready.Haveyouevertriedthismethod?8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：have/has+過(guò)去分詞1.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。Hehasbeeninthearmyfortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince20042.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)到說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeentoBeijing.標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：sincetwoyearsago/從句,for+段時(shí)間,inthepastfewyears,sofar,uptillnow,allone’slife.

注意：終止性動(dòng)詞不能與段時(shí)間連用。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊句型

1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

注意比較It’stimethat…結(jié)構(gòu)：

Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.2）Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.

ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：have/hasbeendoneTheyhavealreadybuiltanewlibrary

Anewlibraryhasalreadybeenbuilt(bythem).八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.結(jié)構(gòu):had+過(guò)去分詞

2.用法：1）表示某事持續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止的動(dòng)作。

2）

表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_____________(runaway).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.hadrunawayhadbegun過(guò)去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：hadbeendoneExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknocking

havebeen

doessurfwasreading6.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_______(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldDidhappenwasdoing11.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________thepianoeverySunday?13.They_______(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_____________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_________(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher___________(start)teaching.doesn’trainwillgoDoeshasworkedwon’twalkedhadstartedplay一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):一般過(guò)去時(shí):一般將來(lái)時(shí):過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):過(guò)去完成時(shí):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：do/doesare/isdonedidwas/weredonewilldowillbedoneam/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdonewas/weredoingwas/werebeingdonehas/havedonehave/hasbeendonehaddonehadbeendone

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成woulddo

wouldbedonecandocanbedoneFillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven:I_________(give)anewbookbymyfather

onmylastbirthday.English___________(find)veryuseful.3.Thework______________(finish)tomorrow.4.Theflowers_________________(water)bythemnow.5.

Therailway________________(build)thistimelastyear.wasgivenisfoundwillbefinishedarebeingwateredwasbeingbuilt6.Thenewhighway_______already_________(build).7.Thenewrailway_____________(build)bytheendoflastyear.8.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting____________(hold)thenextmonth.9.Nowthescientists___________(develop)anewkindofrobotthatcandohouseworkinsteadofhumanbeings.10.Ourclassroommust______________(clean)everyday.hasbeenbuilthadbeenbuiltwouldbeheldaredevelopingbecleaned

Jenny_____(be)aforeigngirl.She_______(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she