名師原創(chuàng)：Unit1 單元語法詳解課件

Unit1Art

單元語法詳解人教版新教材選擇性必修三

原創(chuàng)Cao

本單元重點(diǎn)語法

動詞不定式◆原句再現(xiàn)a.Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.(教材P2)b.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.(教材P2)c.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.(教材

P2)d.Duringthe MiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.(教材

P2)e.They

begantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife(教材

P2).f...OurgoalistodisplaytheChineseartisticgeniusfromancienttimes.(教材

P8)g.Someoftheitemsondisplayarethoughttohavecomefromthe…..(教材

P8)◆

動詞不定式構(gòu)成：

●一般式：to+do(動詞原形)

●被動式：tobedone

●進(jìn)行式：tobedoing

●完成式：tohavedone

●完成被動式：tohavebeendone●動詞不定式否定須在不定式前加not或never◆動詞不定式的功能：在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語●

作主語這時可用it作形式主語代不定式放句首，不定式后移，請觀察以下句子a.

It

ismydreamtobehereatChristmastime.

b.

It

ishisdreamtogoabroad.c.It

iseasytosay,

it

isdifficulttodo.=TobehereatChristmastime

ismydream.=

Togoabroad

ishisdream.

=

Tosay

iseasy,

todo

isdifficult.d.It

isveryimportant

tolearnEnglishwell.=TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.e.

It

isnecessary

toattendthemeeting.=Toattendthemeetingisnecessary.※請關(guān)愛以下兩個結(jié)構(gòu)：①It’s+形容詞

+of+sb.+todosth.②It’s+形容詞+for+sb.+todosth.※輕輕告訴你：當(dāng)形容詞表示人的性格或品質(zhì)時用介詞of;否則用for,表示人性格或品質(zhì)的形容詞有:clever,wise,kind,friendly,cruel,foolish,silly,stupid,careless,warm-hearted,…請觀察以下句子a.Itishard

foryoutodoitwell.b.Itisfriendlyofyoutohelpme.c.Itispossibleforthemtofinishthejobintwohours.d.Itisunwiseofhertodoso.※疑問詞who,what,which,where,when,how+todo可構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中可用作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等,請觀察以下句子a.

Whentostart

hasnotbeendecided.(主語)b.Idon’tknow

whattodo.(賓語)c.Hecantellyou

wheretogetthebook.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)d.Thequestionis

who(m)toask.(表語)●作賓語

a.Iwant

tobuy

acomputer.b.Shehopes

tofind

abetterjob.c.Iwish

togo

withyou.※輕輕告訴你：以下動詞后常接不定式作賓語decide,refuse,pretend,agree,determine,want,expect,hope,wish,manage,promise,choose,plan,beg,

請觀察以下句子a.Theengineerrefused

togiveintothecompany.b.Ipromised

tobuyhimacomputeryesterday.c.Atlasthechose

toleavethefactory.d.Wemanaged

togetintouchwiththeoldman.e.Theboypretended

tobereadingthen,butinfact,hedidn’t.●作賓語補(bǔ)足語a.She

askedmetohelp

her.b.Theteacher

toldhimtocome

ontime.c.John’smother

taughthimtoreadandwrite.※悄悄告訴你：類似結(jié)構(gòu)較多，請觀察以下機(jī)構(gòu)want

sb.

to

do/wish

sb.todo/advisesb.todo/begsb.to

do/get

sb.to

do/order

sb.to

do/expectsb.

to

do/wouldlike

sb.to

do/help

sb.

todo…※

溫馨告知：有些動詞后接賓語時不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不帶to，主要有以下兩種動詞：※使役動詞:let,make,have，請觀察以下句子a.Theteachermade/hadourmonitor

cleantheblackboard.b.Pleaseletme

dothejob.※感官動詞:see,watch,hear,feel,listento,notice,observe,lookat等,請觀察以下句子a.Isawthem

playontheplaygroundatthattime.b.Myfathernoticedthelittleboy

enterthecave.※輕輕告訴你：這些感官動詞接賓語后，賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以是現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，但意義完全不一樣，請觀察以下句子a.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.我聽見她在隔壁唱歌了（唱歌的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了）b.Iheardhersinginginthenextroomthen.當(dāng)時，我聽見她正在隔壁唱歌（唱歌的動作正在發(fā)生）c.Hefelthisarmtouchedsuddenly.他感覺到他的胳膊突然被碰了一下（表示被動）d.Isawhimcomeintotheclassroom.我看見他走進(jìn)了教室(動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生且為主動)e.Isawhimcomingintotheclassroom.我看見他正走進(jìn)教室(動作正在發(fā)生)f.Isawhimbeaten.我看見他挨打了(表示被動)●試試看a.Ioftenseehimdanceonasmallsquare.→Heisoftenseen_____________onasmallsquare.b.Weheardtheladysingintheparkjustnow.→Theladywasheard_____________intheparkjustnow.c.Thebossmadethemworkdayandnight.→Theyweremade_______________dayandnight.todancetosingtowork※從以上試題可以看出：當(dāng)使役動詞和感官動詞接賓語和不帶to動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，如果把句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，原來不帶to的動詞不定式需要加上to.即：sb.+bedone+todosth.

●作狀語a.Hecame

toshow

mehisnewCDplayer.(表示目的)b.Iwentthere

tosee

myteacher.(表示目的)c.Shecameback

toget

herEnglishbook.(表示目的)d.Theboywastoofrightened

tomove.(表示結(jié)果)※動詞不定式作目的狀語時,todo可以換成soastodo/inordertodo,但是，soastodo不能位于句首,請觀察以下句子ToimproveEnglish,

sheworksharderthanever.=

InordertoimproveEnglish,

sheworksharderthanever.(這里不能換成soastoimprove…)=Sheworksharderthanever

inorderto/

soasto

/to

improveEnglish.●作表語a.Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.b.Ourplanistohelpthechildreninthepoorareas.c.Mywishistobeascientist.d.Hisdreamistogotoafamousuniversity.e.Thewriter’saimistowritetwobooksinayear.●作定語(這時不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系,若是不及物動詞,介詞不能省略)a.Givemesomething

todrink.

b.Theyhavemuchfood

toeat.

c.Heaskedforaroom

tolivein.（這里

in不能少）d.Theiceishardenough

toskateon.（這里

on

不能少）1.Ourheadmasteroftentoldus______thingsforgranted.nottohaveB.nottotakeC.didn’ttakeD.nottomake2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.notto

B.nottodo

C.notdoit

D.donotto3.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter_______afterdrinking.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive4.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.toeatnotB.eatingnot

C.nottoeatD.noteating

◆考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練BAAC5.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.work

B.working

C.towork

D.worked6.Theywouldnotallowhim__________acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing7.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.A.go

B.hadgone

C.hasgone

D.goes8.I’veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.A.spokeB.speaks

C.speakD.spoken9.Hedoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn

B.tolearnC.learned

D.learningCAACB10.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.

cry；tocry

B.crying；cryingC.cry；cry

D.tocry；cry11.Shecouldn’tdecidewhichrestaurant_______.A.tohavelunch

B.toeatC.toeatat

D.eatingat12.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow______.A.wheretochoose

B.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhat

D.tochoosewhich

AcB13.“Haveyoudecidedwhen____?”“Yes,tonight.”A.toleave

B.tobeleavingC.willyouleave

D.areyouleaving14.LastsummerItookacourseon________.A.howtomakedresses

B.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedresses

D.howtobemade15.Hedoesn’tknow______tostayornot.A.whether

B.if

C.either

D.ifhewill16.Shepretended______mewhenIpassedby.A.nottosee

B.notseeingC.tonotsee

D.havingnotseenAAAA17.--Thelightintheofficeisstillon.--Oh,Iforgot_____.A.turningitoff

B.turnitoffC.toturnitoff

D.havingturneditoff18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking19.Goon____theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A.todo

B.doing

C.with

D.tobedoing20.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo

B.tohavegone

C.going

D.havinggone21.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrocknearby.A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torest

D.rest

CAABC22.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonot

D.notsoasto23.Ineedadayortwo________.A.tothinkitoverB.tothinkoveritC.thinkingitD.thoughtitover24.Hewastooexcited_________.A.speak

B.tospeak

C.nottospeak

D.speaking25.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented26.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_______itrightnow.A.doing

B.todo

C.do

D.tobedoingBABCC27.Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefer___abicycle.ride；rideB.riding；rideC.ride；toride

D.toride；riding28.It’sfreezingoutside.You_______putonyourovercoat.hadbettertoB.hadbetterC.wouldbetter

D.wouldbetterto29.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitissoftto_____.A.sit

B.siton

C.besit

D.besaton30.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.A.eat

B.toeat

C.eating

D.foreating31.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot_____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.tr