翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力模擬8

翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力模擬8ⅠVocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsforeachpar（江南博哥）tbeforeansweringthequestions.Thetimeforthissetionis25minutes.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Theexplanationgivenbythemanageryesterdaywasnotatall______tous.A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.satisfactoryD.satisfying正確答案：C[解析]同義辨析。

satisfactory令人滿意的：Theresultofthematchwashighlysatisfactory．比賽結(jié)果非常令人滿意。satisfy使?jié)M足：Iofferedhim$1，000tokeepquiet，butthatdidnotsatisfyhimandhewantedevenmore．我給了他一千美元讓他保持沉默，但他并不滿足，他還要更多的錢。satisfied滿意的，滿足的：I'mnotfullysatisfiedwiththestandardofyourwork．我對你的工作水準不太滿意。satisfying令人滿意的，使人滿意的：It'sanimmenselysatisfyingjob．這是一個非常令人滿意的工作。

2.

Partofthefundswillbeusedto______thatoldlibrarytoitsoriginalsplendor.A.restB.recoverC.replaceD.restore正確答案：D[解析]形近識別。

restore修復(fù)(建筑物、家具、藝術(shù)品等)：Theoilpaintingwasdamagedinthefloodandhadtobepainstakinglyrestored．這張油畫在洪水中損壞了，得費很大力氣修復(fù)。recover恢復(fù)到正常狀態(tài)(如健康、神智、繁榮)：Tradesoonrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthewar．貿(mào)易擺脫了戰(zhàn)爭的影響而很快復(fù)蘇了。replace將(某物)放回原處：Replacethebookontheshelfafterreading．讀后把書放回原處。

3.

Thissilkhasgoneright______andwehavenotsoldasinglepieceofitforweeks.A.outoffadB.outofpatternC.outofcustomD.outoffashion正確答案：D[解析]習(xí)語辨析。

outoffashion過時的：Longhairisoutoffashionnow．留長發(fā)已不時興。

4.

ThenewPersonalDigitalAssistancecontainedalarge______ofinformationaboutanindividualfife.A.dealB.amountC.numberD.account正確答案：B[解析]習(xí)語搭配。

alargeamountof大量(后跟不可數(shù)名詞)：Hercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy．她的案件博得了無數(shù)公眾的同情。giveanaccountof描述：Shegaveathrillingaccountofherlifeinthejungle．她繪聲繪色地描述了自己在叢林中的生活。anumberof大量；若干(后跟可數(shù)名詞)：Anumberofwell-qualifiedpeoplehaverecentlyleftthecompany．一些非常稱職的人已在最近離開了這家公司。

5.

Primitivesuperstitionsthatfeedracismshouldbe______througheducation.A.ignoredB.exaltedC.eradicatedD.canceled正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。

eradicate根除，消滅：Smallpoxhasalmostbeeneradicated．天花幾乎已消滅。ignore故意不理睬：Isaidhellotoher，butsheignoredmecompletely．我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我。exalt頌揚。

6.

______pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manylocalgovernmentshesitatetoadoptthem.A.AlthoughB.HoweverC.BecauseD.Moreover正確答案：C[解析]連詞辨析。

這兩個句子是因果關(guān)系。

7.

Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,______tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestress正確答案：D[解析]固定用法。

the+比較級，the+比較級。

8.

AnnieJumpCannon,______discoveredsomanystarsthatshewascalled"thecensustakerofthesky".A.aleadingastronomer,B.who,asaleadingastronomer,C.wasaleadingastronomer,D.aleadingastronomerwho正確答案：A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)識別。

aleadingastronomer是AnnieJumpCannon的同位語。

9.

KingdomofWonders,______in1995inFremont,Calif.,becameanindustrylegendfortwotoys:atalkingbearandaray-gungame.A.findB.foundC.foundedD.founding正確答案：C[解析]語法題。

found創(chuàng)建，建立：Therichmanfoundedahospitalandaschoolinthetownwherehewasborn．這個富翁在他出生的鎮(zhèn)上創(chuàng)辦了一所醫(yī)院和一所學(xué)校。

10.

Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent______isequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.A.occurringB.tooccurC.occursD.occur正確答案：A[解析]語法題。

這里是現(xiàn)在分詞作為定語修飾event，相當于occurring前省掉whichis。

11.

Onlyone-fifthofAmericanssawoilasthechiefreasonthattheU.S.madeawaronIraq,but75percentoftheFrenchandoftheRussiansbelieved______.A.toB.soC.goD.do正確答案：B[解析]習(xí)語辨析。

believe想，認為："Hashearrivedyet?""Ibelieveso."“他到了嗎?”“我想是到了。”

12.

Sadly,whiletheacademicindustrythrives,thepracticeoftranslationcontinuesto______.A.stackB.stageC.stagnateD.stamp正確答案：C[解析]形近識別。

stagnate停滯，不發(fā)展：IfeelI'mstagnatinginthisjob.我覺得我干這份工作沒什么前途。stack堆起，摞起：Pleasestackyourchairsbeforeyouleave．走之前把椅子摞在一起。stamp跺著腳走：Don'tstamp，you'llwakeeveryoneup．腳步別這么重，會把大家都吵醒的。

13.

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof______,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.A.mindB.ideaC.intentionD.wish正確答案：A[解析]固定搭配。

inaframeofmind精神狀態(tài)，情緒：Themostimportantthingistotaketheexaminapositiveframeofmind．參加考試最重要的是要有積極的精神狀態(tài)。

14.

Ifyouareanenergeticpersonwithstrongviewsastotherightwayofdoingthings,youfindyourself______underpressures.A.variablyB.invariablyC.invaluablyD.invalidly正確答案：B[解析]形近識別。

invariably始終如一地，不變地：Invariably，strongperiodsinaneconomygivewaytorecession．經(jīng)濟中的強盛期總要讓位于衰退期。variable可變的，易變的：Windsaremainlylightandvariable．風(fēng)力多微弱，風(fēng)向多變。invaluably非常寶貴的：Suchdatawillproveinvaluabletoresearchersstudyingfishpopulations．這些數(shù)據(jù)對于研究魚類數(shù)量的人將證明是很寶貴的。invalidly無用地；無價值地。

15.

UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and______,withanenormousblackmustache.A.necklessB.necklaceC.recklessD.rackless正確答案：A[解析]形近識別。

neckless胖的沒脖子的；necklace項鏈；reckless魯莽的；rackless沒支架的。

16.

Hometo______andgangsters,officialsandlaborers,refugeesandartists,thecitywas,initsprime,ametropolisthatexhibitedallthehuesofthehumancharacter.A.magnatesB.magnetsC.machinesD.magnitudes正確答案：A[解析]形近識別。

magnate有財勢的地主或工業(yè)家；magnet有強大吸引力的人或物；magnitude重要，重要性。

17.

His______behaviormacleeveryonenervous.Hewasalwaysrushingtoopendoorsandperformothersmalltasks,apologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethathemighthavecaused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescent正確答案：C[解析]形近識別。

obsequious卑躬的；巴結(jié)的：Heisanobsequiousowner．他是個善于討好的店主。oblivious未察覺；不注意：Thegovernmentseemsobliviousofthelikelyeffectsofthenewlegislation．政府似乎并沒有注意到新法可能帶來的后果。observant善于觀察的；寂靜的：Anobservantshopassistanthadrememberedexactlywhatthemanwaswearing．有個機警的店員準確記得那個男子的穿著。obsolescent即將過時的，逐步淘汰的：Electronicequipmentquicklybecomesobsolescent．電子設(shè)備淘汰得快。

18.

Hewascompletely______byhertaleofhardship.A.takenawayB.takendownC.takeninD.takenup正確答案：C[解析]習(xí)語辨析。

takein欺騙；吸收：Hewasnicelytakenin．他被騙得團團轉(zhuǎn)。takeaway帶走，拿走：Thesebooksarenottobetakenaway．這些書不準拿走。takedown記下來：Themotorist'snameandaddressweretakendownbythepoliceman．汽車駕駛?cè)说男彰偷刂繁痪煊浵铝?。takeup開始從事：I’mnotverygoodatFrench，Ionlytookituprecently．我的法語不太好，最近才開始學(xué)。

19.

Americanswhoconsiderthemselves______inthetraditionalsensedonotusuallyhesitatetoheapcriticismindomesticmattersoverwhattheybelieveisoppressiveorwasteful.A.pedestrianB.penchantC.patriarchD.patriotic正確答案：D[解析]形近識別。

patriotic愛國的；pedestrian行人；penchant愛好，嗜好；patriarch極受尊重的年老男子。

20.

Astechnologicaladvancesputmoreandmoretimebetweenearlyschoollifeandtheyoungperson'sfinalaccesstospecializedwork,thestageof______becomesanevenmoremarkedandconsciousperiod.A.adolescenceB.adjacencyC.advantageD.adventure正確答案：A[解析]形近識別。

adolescence青春期；adjacency鄰近，毗鄰；advantage優(yōu)勢；adventure冒險。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof15sentences,ineachsentenceonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Thatboyissufferingfromunrequitedloveandpinesaway.A.ferventB.obsessiveC.secretD.unreturned正確答案：D[解析]形容詞辨析。

requited回報的。加上否定前綴un意思是“無報答的，無回報的”：Wickednessdoesnotgoaltogetherunrequited．諺惡有惡報。returned返回的，回報的；fervent熱情的，火熱的：He’Saferventbelieverinfreespeech．他是言論自由的強烈信仰者。obsessive強迫性的，令人著迷的：anobsessiveconcernforneatness好整潔癖；secret秘密的。

2.

Foralongtimeinthatvastregion,thislawwasinabeyance.A.activeuseB.doubtC.discussionD.disuse正確答案：D[解析]短語辨析。

inabeyance：處于暫時終止(或擱置)狀態(tài)：Thequestionisinabeyance．這個問題暫時擱議。indoubt不肯定的，懷疑的：Hewasindoubtastowhetherheshouldacceptthepost．他對是否應(yīng)接受這一職務(wù)拿不定主意。disuse不用，廢止：rustyfromdisuse因棄置不用而生銹。

3.

Acourt-martialhasbutrecentlydecidedtoacquithim.A.declareheisnotguiltyB.pardonhimC.condemnhimD.persecutehim正確答案：A[解析]動詞辨析。

acquit宣告某人無罪：Thejuryacquittedhimofmurder．陪審團宣告他謀殺罪名不成立。declare聲稱；pardon原諒：askforpardon請求原諒。condemn譴責(zé)：Weallcondemncrueltytochildren．我們一致譴責(zé)虐待兒童的行為。persecute迫害，虐待：Throughouthistoryreligiousminoritieshavebeenpersecuted．縱觀歷史，宗教上的少數(shù)派始終受迫害。

4.

Therearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythan20yearsago.A.gainfullyemployedB.upwardlymobileC.excessivelyoverweightD.privatelyeducated正確答案：C[解析]形容詞辨析。

obese肥胖的，極胖的。gainfullyemployed有報酬工作的。upwardlymobile能向較高的經(jīng)濟地位和社會地位流動的：upwardlymobileyoungexecutive能升遷的年輕行政人員。privatelyeducated受過私人教育的。

5.

Asaconductor,LeonardBernsteinisfamousforhisintenselyvigorousandexuberantstyle.A.enthusiasticB.nervousC.painfulD.extreme正確答案：A[解析]形容詞辨析。

exuberant(人或行為)充滿活力的：exuberanthighspirits精神煥發(fā)；enthusiastic熱烈的，熱心的：beenthusiasticforaboutsth．對某事熱心；nervous緊張的；painful痛苦的；extreme極端的，偏激的：Hispoliticalideasareratherextreme．他的政治思想相當極端。

6.

Wheninsectsfeedondecayingplantmaterialinacompostpile,theyhelpturnitintousefulgardensoil.A.availableB.organicC.distastefulD.decomposing正確答案：D[解析]形容詞辨析。

decaying腐爛的，變質(zhì)的；available可利用的，可獲得的；organic有機的，組織的，器官的：anorganicwhole有機的整體；distasteful令人厭惡的；無禮的：Smokingisdistastefultomyfamily．我一家都不喜歡抽煙。decomposing變壞的，腐爛的：adecomposingcorpse腐尸。

7.

Researchershavediscoveredthatdolphinsareabletomimichumanspeech.A.importB.imitateC.impairD.humor正確答案：B[解析]動詞辨析。

mimic模仿：Hemimickedtheteacher’Svoice．他模仿老師的聲音。import輸入，進口：importcoffeefromBrazilintoChina從巴西將咖啡進口到中國。imitate模仿：Thelittleboyimitatedhisfather．這小男孩模仿他的父親。impair損害，傷害：Loudnoisecanimpairyourhearing．巨大的噪音有損聽覺。humor：幽默。

8.

Thedichotomypostulatedbymanybetweenidealismandrealismisoneofthestandardclichesoftheongoingdebateoverinternationalaffairs.A.divisionintotwopartsB.combinationoftwopartsC.disparityD.contradiction正確答案：A[解析]名詞辨析。

dichotomy一分為二：thedichotomyoftheoneandthemany一個人與許多人的二分法；disparity不等，不相稱：ThereisgreatdisparitybetweentheamountofworkthatIdoandwhatIgetpaidforit．我所做的工作和我所得到的報酬很不相稱。contradiction反駁，矛盾：Itisacontradictiontosayyouknowhimbuthe'sastranger．你說認識他，又說他是個陌生人，這是自相矛盾。

9.

Attemptshavebeenmadefornearlythreedecadestoincreasetheamountofprecipitationfromcloudsbyseedingthemwithsaltorsilveriodide.A.DevicesB.HypothesesC.EffortsD.Suggestions正確答案：C[解析]名詞辨析。

attempt努力，嘗試：abandontheattempts放棄嘗試。device裝置：adeviceforopeningbottles一個打開瓶子的裝置。hypothesis假設(shè)：Thisisonlyasortofscientifichypothesiswhichhasnotbeenprovedbyexperiments．這僅僅是一個尚未被實驗證明的科學(xué)假說。efforts努力，盡力：Pleaseputmoreeffortsintoyourschoolwork．請你在功課上再努點力。

10.

Justicesofthepeacehavejurisdictionoverthetrialsofsomecivilsuitsandofcriminalcasesinvolvingminoroffenses.A.supremacyB.authorityC.guidanceD.obedience正確答案：B[解析]名詞辨析。

havejurisdictionover對……有管轄權(quán)：Thecourthasnojurisdictionoverforeigndiplomatslivinginthiscountry．法院對駐本國的外交官無裁判權(quán)。supremacy至高無上，霸權(quán)地位：malesupremacy大男子主義者。authority權(quán)力，權(quán)威：Deputiesweregivenauthoritytomakearrests．代表們被授予拘捕權(quán)。guidance向?qū)?，指?dǎo)：Hedidtheworkwithhisteacher’Sguidance．他在老師的指導(dǎo)下做了這件工作。obedience服從：Sheshowedgreatobedience．她表現(xiàn)很順從。

11.

Thefeelingofcompetitionamongthestudentsinalltheclassroomswherethetestwasgoingonwasnoticeabletoeveryone.A.discordB.discoveryC.rivalryD.cooperation正確答案：C[解析]名詞辨析。

discord爭論、不和：Anoteofdiscordcreptintotheirrelationship．他們的關(guān)系出現(xiàn)了裂痕。discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)：anewdiscoveryinmedicalscience醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。rivalry競爭、敵對者：Thereisgreatrivalrybetweenthetwosisters．這兩姐妹間有一場激烈的競爭。cooperation合作：Thankyouforyourcooperation．感謝你們的合作。

12.

Theartistspentyearsonhismonumentalpainting,whichcoveredthewholeroofofthechurch,thebiggestinthecountry.A.archaicB.sentimentalC.outstandingD.entil:e正確答案：C[解析]形容詞辨析。

monumental偉大而不朽的：amonumentalproduction偉大而不朽的作品。archaic古代的，古文的：anarchaicbronzestatuette一種相當古老的青銅小雕像。sentimental感情的，感傷的；outstanding杰出的，依然存在的：anoutstandingwriter杰出作家。entire全部的，完全的：Theentireclasswillbethere．全班都會在那兒。

13.

Manyoftheelectricandelectronicproductswepurchaseandconsumetodayarewhatsomeindustrialexpertscall"homogeneoustoys".A.identicalB.homosexualC.unrelatedD.distinguishable正確答案：A[解析]形容詞辨析。

homogeneous類似的，同類的：atight-knit，homogeneoussociety一個緊密相連的同種社會；identical完全相同的，同一的：Theirclothesareidentical．他們的衣服完全一樣。homosexual同性戀的；unrelated無關(guān)的；distinguishable可區(qū)別的，可分辨的：Thosefiguresarenoteasilydistinguishable．那些花紋不易區(qū)別。

14.

AnthropologistBarbaraMyerhofffurtheredherreputationasanauthorityonNativeAmericanculturewithherstudyofthesymbols,myths,andritualsoftheHuicholpeople.

A.deserved

B:retained

C.renewed

D.advanced正確答案：D[解析]動詞辨析。

further促進；deserve應(yīng)得，值得：Thearticledeservescarefulstudy．這篇文章值得仔細研究。retain保留，維持：retainanappearanceofyouth保有年輕的外貌。renew更新，延續(xù)：renewanoldfriendship重續(xù)舊日友誼。advance前進，增進，提高，提升，進展，發(fā)展：advancethegrowthofrice促進水稻生長。

15.

Thisreflectstheprioritybeingattachedtoeconomicoverpoliticalactivity,partlycausedbyagrowingreluctancetoenteracallingblightedbyrelentlesspublicitythatalltoooftenendsindestroyingcareersandreputations.A.powerfulnessB.unwillingnessC.renaissanceD.apologeticness正確答案：B[解析]名詞辨析。

reluctance勉強，不情愿；powerfulness強壯、強大；unwillingness不情愿；renaissance再生，新生：Folkmusicisnowenjoyingarenaissance．民問音樂現(xiàn)在又時興起來了。apologeticness道歉，辯解。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrorsThispartconsistsof15sentences,ineachsentencethereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesagrammaticalerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesrespectivelymarkedbylettersA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Anepigramisusuallydefinedbeingabrightorwittythoughtthatisterselyandingeniouslyexpressed.A.asB.asbeC.asbeenD.tobeing正確答案：A[解析]習(xí)慣搭配。

definesthassth給……下定義，界定：Inthisdictionary"reality"isdefinedas"thestateofthingsastheyare，ratherthanastheyareimaginedtobe"．在這本字典里“現(xiàn)實”被界定為事情的真實狀態(tài)而非想象中的那樣。

2.

Uponcompletinghisexaminationoverthepatient,thedoctorofferedhisjudgmentofherconditions.A.ofB.offC.aboutD.around正確答案：A[解析]介詞應(yīng)用。

本題要表達的意思是“對病人的檢查”，四個選項中只有of可以表示對象或所屬關(guān)系。

3.

IftheyspendsometimeonChinesehistory,theywillbemoreabletopredictChina'sfuture.A.moreB.ableC.betterD.betterable正確答案：D[解析]副詞應(yīng)用。

better(副詞)更，更加，修飾形容詞able。翻譯成“能更好地預(yù)見中國的未來”。

4.

Whenshereturnedbackbyabroad,shetoldusallaboutherexperienceasanillegalimmigrant.A.byB.backC.fromD.backfrom正確答案：C[解析]習(xí)慣搭配。

returnfrom(=goback)返回：Shereturned(home)fromaholiday．她度假歸來。

5.

Hewaslookingimpatientatthevisitingsalesman,whoshowednosignsofgettingreadytoleave.A.patientB.patienceC.impatienceD.impatiently正確答案：D[解析]副詞應(yīng)用。

要用副詞impatiently作狀語修飾動詞短語lookat。

6.

Therecentconferenceontheeffectiveuseoftheseasandoceanswasanotherattemptresolvingmajordifferencesamongcountrieswithconflictinginterests.A.resolveB.resolvesC.toresolveD.beingresolved正確答案：C[解析]習(xí)慣搭配。

attempttodosth嘗試，試圖，努力。例：Theyattempttoclimbthesteepestpartofthemountain．他們努力攀登這座山的最陡的部分。

7.

Lifeinsurance,beforeavailableonlytoyoung,healthypersons,cannowbeobtainedforoldpeople,andevenforpets.A.beforeyoung,healthypersonsavailableonly,B.availableonlytoyoung,healthypersonsbefore,C.availableonlytopersonsyoung,butmorehealthy,D.beforeyoungandhealthypersonsonlyavailableto,正確答案：B[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。

根據(jù)句意，before是副詞，作時間狀語，應(yīng)放在句末。availableonlytoyoung,healthypersonsbefore在句中作定語，相當于available前省略了whichis。

8.

Followingayearoffastdevelopment,bythefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsites.A.Chinahadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesbytheendoflastMarchB.bytheendofthefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesC.bytheendofthisrecentpastMarch,Chinahasabout1,100e-commercewebsitesD.bytheendofthisfirstquarter,Chinahadabout1,100orso.e-commercewebsites正確答案：A[解析]時態(tài)應(yīng)用。

根據(jù)句意，時態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過去時，排除掉B和C。而且第一季度已經(jīng)過去了，D中的this表示將要到來的，也應(yīng)排除。

9.

Sino-foreigneducationalprogramonbusinessispopularinChinanow,andthedemandforhighlevelinterpretationisgreat.A.programsinenterprises/highlevelinterpretersB.programsininternationalbusiness/seniorinterpretersC.programininternationalbiz/seniorinterpretationsD.programsofbusiness/high-levelinterpretations正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。

high-level指高級別的、高層次的會談等等，senior表示資深的，demandfor后面的賓語多用表示人的具體名詞，所以，這里應(yīng)把interpretation改成interpreter。根據(jù)句意，中外在國際貿(mào)易方面的課程教育很流行，肯定需要的應(yīng)是高水平的口譯者，所以排除A、C和D。

10.

Manystudentsagreedtocome,butsomestudentsagainstbecausetheysaidtheydon'thavetime.A.wereagainstbecausetheysaidtheydidnotB.wereagainstbecausetheysaytheydon'tC.wereagainstitbecausetheysaidtheydidnotD.wereagainstcomingbecausetheysaidtheydon't正確答案：C[解析]時態(tài)應(yīng)用。

根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，即當主句say是過去時態(tài)時，從句要用過去時態(tài)，排除B和D。against是介詞，后面必須跟賓語，因此排除A。

11.

Whileitisessentialthatthetextcoversthesubjectadequately,itisalsoimportantthatitisneithertoodetailedortoocomplexfortheintendedreader.A.forB.norC.noD.not正確答案：B[解析]固定搭配。

neither…nor既不……也不。

12.

ConsumerporcelainsinJingdezhenarenotsellingwellinexportmarketascomparedwiththosemadeinLiling,HunanProvinceandZibo,ShandongProvince.A.onexportmarketB.inexportingmarketC.inexportedmarketD.intheexportmarket正確答案：D[解析]冠詞應(yīng)用。

inthemarket“在市場上”，句子中多了一個名詞export修飾market因此，定冠詞應(yīng)保留。

13.

Itisamarketwhichsalesvaluemightbemorethan10billionyuan.A.amarketwithasalesvaluethatmightbeB.amarketwhichmightbesalesvalueC.amarketwithsalevaluemightbeD.marketwithsalesmightbeavalue正確答案：A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。

本句應(yīng)用with短語修飾market，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞salesvalue，而salesvalue是從句中的主語。

14.

AsanEnglishmajorstudent,IthinkbusinessEnglishismorepracticalthanotherfields.A.aEnglishstudent/fieldB.aEnglishmajorstudent/regionsC.anEnglishmajor/coursesD.anEnglishstudentmajor/sciences正確答案：C[解析]名詞應(yīng)用。

首先English前要用an，排除A和B，“英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生”叫做Englishmajor;field指的是領(lǐng)域；只有course才是課程的意思。

15.

Weshouldletmoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrencanenjoyscientificearlyeducation.A.providemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationB.providemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationandscientificC.provideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenenjoymorescientificearlyeducationD.provideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenwithmoreearlyeducationservices正確答案：D[解析]固定搭配。

letsb.do結(jié)構(gòu)后面不能加videsb.withsth.表示“提供”。

ⅡReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourMachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.Thetimeforthissectionis70minutes.

Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses,plannedorunplanned,bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.Withoutdeviantbehaviortherewouldnotbeneedforsocialcontrolandwithoutsocialcontroltherewouldnotbeawayofrecognizingtheboundarybetweentheacceptableandtheunacceptable.

Socialcontrolmaybeeitherformalorinformal.Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual'sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.

Socialcontrol,whetherformalorinformal,hasadualfunction.First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.1.

Socialcontrolreferstoprocessesbywhich______.A.normsaredevelopedB.normsareenforcedC.peopleareeducatedandtrainedD.peoplearerewardedandpunished正確答案：B[解析]細節(jié)題型。

根據(jù)開篇第一句Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses…bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded，orforcedtoconformtonorms．(社會約束就是教育、勸導(dǎo)、強迫人們服從社會準則的過程)可得知答案。選項B中enforce是強迫人服從(法律)，因此，forcedtoconformtonorms等于normsareenforced。

2.

Everysocietyhasitsown______.A.plannedsystemsB.controllednormsC.recognizedboundaryD.establishedsanctions正確答案：D[解析]細節(jié)題型。

答案出自第一段第二句Ineverysociety，somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior．

3.

InformalmechanismsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.ahighlevelofinterestinensuringconformityB.expressionofdisapprovalbysignificantothersC.withholdingofpositiverewardsforthedeviantsD.people'sinternalizationofnormsinsocialization正確答案：A[解析]細節(jié)題型。

從第二段第二句Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior．我們可以排除B、C兩項。根據(jù)第三句Mostpeopleintemalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.的信息可判斷D項不是正確答案。第五句Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.我們可知本句前面的內(nèi)容指的都是informal的內(nèi)容可以排除D項。

4.

Themostpowerfulprotectionagainstdevianceis______.A.negativesanctionsB.severepunishmentsC.theindividual'sconscienceD.unrestrainedsuppression正確答案：C[解析]推斷題型。

第二段的第四句Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual'sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.This指代的就是前面一句話，“大多數(shù)人在社會化的過程中把社會準則內(nèi)在化”，inthat就是解釋為什么，“因為個人的是非觀是社會控制的施動者之一”，所以，C項個人的是非觀才是正確答案。

5.

FormalagentsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.policestationsB.mentalhospitalsC.welfareagenciesD.vocationalschools正確答案：D[解析]細節(jié)題型。

根據(jù)第二段的第6句Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals；policeandcourtsoflaw；prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies．文中沒有提到D項。

6.

Thepurposeofformalagentsisto______.A.makebeneficialrulesB.preservesocialordersC.controlviolationofnormsD.defineacceptablebehavior正確答案：C[解析]細節(jié)題型。

答案出自第二段第七句Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms．

7.

WhichstatementaboutsocialcontrolagentsisNOTtrue?A.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoenforcethenorms.B.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoreceiveabenefit.C.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhomaketherules.D.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoarepowerful.正確答案：B[解析]是非題型。

從第二段第八句Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend，inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho，therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior．(矛盾論者指出，在任何社會中，社會約束的執(zhí)行者或執(zhí)行機構(gòu)往往為有權(quán)勢的社會群體服務(wù)，執(zhí)行對這些人有利的社會準則，是這些人制定了準則，規(guī)定了什么是不能認可的行為。)得知，只有B項沒有提到，因此為正確答案。

8.

Accordingtoconflicttheorists,socialcontrolagentsandsystemsare______.A.liberalB.partialC.neutralD.overall正確答案：B[解析]推斷題型。

根據(jù)第二段第八句中提到(參看57題)的，這樣的機構(gòu)是有偏向的。partial有偏向的，部分的、不完整的；liberal慷慨的、寬容的；neutral中立的、公平的；overall包括一切的、全部的。

9.

Inthethirdparagraph,"adualfunction"refersto______.A.formalandinformalB.rewardsandpenaltiesC.approvalanddisapprovalD.clarificationandregulation正確答案：D[解析]推斷題型。

文章的最后一段First，itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated．中的First…分句中的reaffirm“重申”，Second…分句中的regulate“控制和管理”與D項clarificationandregulation是對應(yīng)詞。

10.

Theperspectivefromwhichtheauthordiscussessocialcontrolis______.A.biologicalB.sociologicalC.psychologicalD.anthropological正確答案：B[解析]推斷題型。

本文通篇都在談?wù)撊说男袨楹蜕鐣s束的本質(zhì)，這些是與社會學(xué)有關(guān)的。社會學(xué)是對社會發(fā)展和本質(zhì)的研究，所以，應(yīng)選B項。

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,o