考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習一

考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習一Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]OnthefirstMondayafterthesecondWednesdayinDecember,theelectorswhohavebeenchoseninNovemberassembleintheirrespectivestatecapitalstosignaltheirpreference.Thefuturepresidentandvice-presidentmustreceiveatleast270electoralvotes,amajorityofthetotalof538,towin.Membersoftheelectoralcollegehavethemoral,butnotthelegal,obligationtovoteforthecandidatewhowonthepopularvoteintheirstate.Thismoralimperative,plusthefactthatelectorsaremembersofthesamepoliticalpartyasthepresidentialcandidatewinningthepopularvote,ensuresthattheoutcomeintheelectoralcollegeisavalidreflectionofthepopularvoteinNovember.[B]Itisevenpossibleforsomeonetowinthepopularvote,yetlostthepresidencytoanothercandidate.How?Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]TheelectoralcollegewascreatedinresponsetoaproblemencounteredduringtheConstitutionalConventionof1787,wheredelegatesweretryingtodeterminethebestwaytochoosethepresident.TheframersoftheConstitutionintendedthattheelectors,abodyofmenchosenfortheirwisdom,shouldcometogetherandchooseonbehalfofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalpartiesguaranteedthattheelectoralofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalguaranteedthattheelectoralsystemneverworkedastheframershadintended;instead,nationalparties,i.e.nationwidealliancesoflocalinterests,quicklycametodominatetheelectioncampaigns.Theelectorsbecamemerefigureheadsrepresentingthestatebranchesofthepartieswhogotthemchosen,andtheirvoteswerepredeterminedandpredictable.[D]Howaretheelectorschosen?Althoughthereissomevariationamongstatesinhowelectorsareappointed,generallytheyarechosenbythepopularvote,alwaysonthefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayinNovember.Eachpoliticalpartyinastatechoosesastateoflocalworthiestobemembersoftheelectoralcollegeiftheparty’spresidentialcandidatewinsatleastapluralityofthepopularvoteinthestate.[E]Howisthenumberofelectorsdecided?EverystatehasoneelectorforeachsenatorandrepresentativeitsendstoCongress.Stateswithgreaterpopulationsthereforehavemoreelectorsintheelectoralcollege.Allstateshaveatleast3electors,butCalifornia,themostpopulousstate,has54.TheDistrictofColumbia,thoughnotastate,isalsoallowedtosendthreeelectors.[F]Howcanonewinthepopularvoteyetlosethepresidency?Let’ssimplifyforthesakeofargument:imaginethatinsteadof50statesAmericahadonlytwo.CaliforniaandMontana.NowsupposethatcandidateAwinsinCaliforniaby9,000,500votesto9,000,400;the100-votemarginstillgiveshim54electors.ButthencandidateAlosesinMontanaby201,000to205,000,candidateBgetsMontana’selectoralvotes.ThetotalnumberofvotesforAis9,210,500andforB,9,205,400;yetA,with54electoralvotesoutof57,winstheelection![G]America’selectiondayis7November.Onthedaycitizenswhowishtowillcasttheirballotsforthepresidentialcandidatetheyprefer.Theresultofthisprocessiscalledthepopularvote,andthesedaysthewinnerofthepopularvoteisusuallyknownshortlyafterthepollsclose.However,notoneofthevotescastonElectionDayactuallygoesdirectlytoaparticularcandidate.Order:G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.［試題分析］這篇文章共分7段，[G]段和[F]段已分別被定為篇首段與篇尾段。[G]段介紹了美國的大選日，并說每個投票的人都可以把票投給所喜歡的人，這叫普選。又說在普選中實際上沒有一張票是直接投向具體的候選人的。[F]段解釋了為什么會出現(xiàn)假選人在普選中獲勝卻得不到總統(tǒng)職位的原因，并舉了例子加以說明。從首尾兩段可以看出這是一篇介紹美國總統(tǒng)選舉的文章，其中解釋了一些美國特有的選取舉辦法。[G]段末尾說，在普選中，實際上沒有一張票是直接投向具體候選人的。這必然后引起人們的好奇。[B]段則繼續(xù)講了一個更驚人的情況：某候選人在普選中獲勝，但總統(tǒng)寶座卻讓別人得去了。顯然[B]段是[G]段的繼續(xù)，所以[B]段排在[G]段后，是41題的答案。[B]段說，How?Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]段開頭說，Theelectoralcollegewascreated…首尾呼應，表示[C]段應接在[B]段后，是42題的答案。[C]段介紹了electoralcollege（選舉團）的情況。成立選舉團的初衷是：選出一些智囊人士，集中在一起組成選舉團代表民意進行總統(tǒng)選舉。實際上選舉團從未像憲法制定者們希望的那樣運作，他們被一些黨派操縱，他們成了各州黨派的代言人，他們的選票是預先定好了的。[E]段進一步講了選舉團的人員構(gòu)成情總，所以是[C]段的繼續(xù)，應排在[C]段后，是43題的答案。[D]段進一步進了選舉團成員是怎么選出來的。他們是由在某州的普選中得票多的總統(tǒng)候選人所在的政黨，在該州內(nèi)挑選出的當?shù)氐慕艹鋈藫Q。顯然[D]段應排在[E]段后，是44題的答案。[A]段講選舉進行的具體情況，及選舉中獲勝當總統(tǒng)的條件。[F]段以實便解釋了為什么某候選人在普選中獲勝卻得不到總統(tǒng)職位的原因，也回答了[B]段提出的問題，足以說明[A]段在[F]段前，是45題的答案。［答案］41.[B]42.[C]43.[E]44.[D]45.[A]考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習二Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount;theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveoffhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.[B]Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer’s.[C]Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.[D]Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’;youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?[E]Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.[F]Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:“Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire.”[G]Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude.Order:G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.→F［試題分析］這篇文章共有7段落，其中[G]和[F]段已分別確定為篇首段和篇尾段。[G]段說，對研究領(lǐng)域所取得的成果我們都可能發(fā)出贊嘆，但是測試人的知識和能力的考試仍然像以往那樣原始。令人不可理解的是經(jīng)過了這么多年教育家們還沒有找到更有效、更可靠的方法，仍然依賴考試。盡管有人聲考試是為了測試你所學到的東西，但實際上人們都知道考試的結(jié)果適得其反。從[G]段可以看出作者對考試是否定態(tài)度的。[F]段說，要想測試一個人真正的能力肯定有更為簡單、更為有效的方法。作者甚至認為考試機構(gòu)舉辦考試只不過是為了賺錢罷了。根據(jù)首尾兩段，可以看出本篇文章是談論考試，并且作者是不喜歡這種測試形式的，了解了這兩點對重新安排段落的次序很在幫助。[A]段說，考試的最大作用就是制造焦慮，因此考試維系著許多重大事伯，有可能一個人的未來就由幾次考試來決定。不管你當時心情不好，或你的母親剛剛?cè)ナ?，考試還是照舊進行。當一個人處于極度恐慌是經(jīng)歷了一個不眠之夜后，他是不可能發(fā)揮出最佳水平的。這一段緊接[G]段，訴說考試的弊端，街接緊密，所以[A]段是41題的答案。[A]段指出了考試的弊端，下面一段有可能會繼續(xù)陳述考試的壞處或缺點，從余下的4段中找到[D]段。其中說到，孩子們從踏進校門的那一刻起就陷入殘酷的競爭。在這種競爭中，成功和失敗界限分明。對那些還沒有開始自己的事業(yè)就被社會定為失敗的人而輟學，你會感到驚訝嗎？面對居高不下的學生自殺率你會吃驚嗎？[D]段接著數(shù)落考試的弊病，所以42題的答案應當是[D]。[E]段說，一種好的教育應該培養(yǎng)人們的獨立思考能力，而考試制度卻不是培養(yǎng)學生去獨立思考，大綱規(guī)定了學生要學的東西，并鼓勵學生去死記硬背?？荚囅拗屏藢W生的閱讀量，考試鼓勵填鴨式教學。[C]段說，他們降低了教育水準，因為他們剝奪了教師們的自由。因為學生的考試成績也是評判老師教學效果的標準，所以教師不是教授課程，而是把教學簡化成訓練學生的考試技巧。結(jié)果最成功的應試者不是知識最豐富的人，而是被迫掌握考試技巧最為熟練的人。[E]段與[C]段以講教學為主，著墨在教師身上。很明顯[C]段應排在[E]段之后，所以[E]段是43題的答案，[C]段是44題的答案。[B]段講，結(jié)果至關(guān)重要的考試只不過是某個匿名主考官的主觀評價。主考官們也是人，他們會累、會餓，也會出錯，但是他們必須在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)判定寫得亂糟糟的試卷。前面講了考試、學生、教師，這段講考試的主考官，最后一段又講，相信有一種更簡單、更有效的測試方法，所以很顯然[B]段應該在[F]段之前，所以[B]段應該是45題的答案。［答案］41.[A]42.[D]43.[E]44.[C]45.[B]考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習三Directions：

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA—Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we’llprobablyhavetolaysomepeopleoffinthenearfuture.It’shardformetomakethejobinterestingandchallengingbecauseitisn’t—it’sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn’tmuchyoucandoaboutit.”[B]“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,mostaremorelikelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberofyearsthanforsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodothejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutforms.Allthroughtheircareeritisthearrestsandinterventionsthatgetnoticed.”[C]“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat.Theyseemtolikethecontacttheyhavewiththepublic,theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andtheapprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutatfires,accidents,andotheremergencies.”[D]“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.However,weknowthat’snotfair—toomanyotherthingsareinvolved.Badpaperworkincreasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperworkdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyou’llwin.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguyscaughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeofrewardforwinningthecompetition,andtheyfiguredwhyshouldtheylaborwhentherewasnopayoff.”[E]“Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.Thislackofattentionhurtsuslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneedclear,factualreports.Theymustbehighlydetailedandunambiguous.Assoonasonepartofareportisshowntobeinadequateorincorrect,therestofthereportissuspect.Poorreportingprobablycausesustolosemorecasesthananyotherfactor.”[F]“SoIjustdon’tknowwhattodo.I’vebeengropinginthedarkinanumberofyears.AndIhopethatthisseminarwillshedsomelightonthisproblemofmineandhelpmeoutinmyfuturework.”[G]“Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation--howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethecentralfocusofthediscussion.”O(jiān)rder:

G→41.

→42.

→43.

→44.

→45.

→F［答案］：41-45CEABD步驟一、理解給定的段落確定文章的文體與結(jié)構(gòu)。理解給定的段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時包含段尾句)，重點關(guān)注動作內(nèi)容。第G段：Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation--howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.利用名詞主體論動作決定論提煉信息為：wasputtingonanumberofseminars“舉行一系列的論壇”；thetopictobediscussedwasmotivation“供討論的主題是主動性”.表明該段敘述“議題”，確定本文是議論文。步驟二、理解供排序的段落確定段落的內(nèi)容方向。理解供排序段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時包含段尾句)，重點關(guān)注動作內(nèi)容。第A段：“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.利用名詞主體論動作決定論提煉信息為：motivatethemtodoabetterjob“鼓勵他們作好工作”；budgetcrunch“預算危機”；nofinancialrewards“經(jīng)濟獎勵”.表明該段敘述“(自己的)對策”第B段：“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：promotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.“升職與文字工作的好壞有關(guān)”。表明該段敘述“(自己的)對策”第C段：“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：realproblem“實質(zhì)問題”sendthemoutonthestreet“派他們到街上”。表明該段敘述“問題(派出去)”第D段：“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：Somepeople“一些人”；suggested“建議”；performancecriterion“評價表現(xiàn)的標準”。表明該段敘述“(他人的)對策”第E段：“Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：problem“問題”；getbacktothestation“回到警察局”。表明該段敘述“問題(回局里)”步驟三、按照文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落內(nèi)容準確排序。利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合以各個段落的內(nèi)容，準確將段落排序。因此：正確的順序為C—E---A---B---D解題理論分析：名詞主體論---結(jié)構(gòu)決定論名詞主體論：段落的主要內(nèi)容和大意體現(xiàn)在段落的主題句中，而且，句子的內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)在句子的主語、賓語主體上。因此，為了提高解題效率，考生可以通過句子的主語和賓語的名詞把握句子、段落或篇章的含義。即，名詞主體論。結(jié)構(gòu)決定論：段落排序題的文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點與閱讀理解大體一致，一般來說，有六種相對固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。因此，在利用名詞主題論理解每個段落內(nèi)容之后，可以利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，將段落準確排序。常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序包含：一.議論文1.議題---問題---原因---對策2.議題---問題---對策---結(jié)論(未來)3.議題---問題---對策---結(jié)論(過去)4.反面話題---駁斥觀點---原因---觀點—展望未來二.說明文1.積極事物---優(yōu)點---缺點---展望未來2.消極事物---缺點---優(yōu)點---回顧過去三.敘事文按照時間先后順序排序。包含時間，時態(tài)和動作。解題步驟分析：步驟一、理解給定的段落確定文章的文體與結(jié)構(gòu)。理解給定的段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時包含段尾句)，重點關(guān)注動作內(nèi)容。步驟二、理解供排序的段落確定段落的內(nèi)容方向。理解供排序段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時包含段尾句)，重點關(guān)注動作內(nèi)容。步驟三、按照文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落內(nèi)容準確排序。利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合以各個段落的內(nèi)容，準確將段落排序。英語段落排序題解題技巧第一節(jié)大綱分析及樣題解讀閱讀理解新題型——排序題大綱：大綱所列的第二種備選題型實際上是一種純純粹粹的排序題。在一篇長度約500～600詞的文章中，各段落的原有順序已被打亂。要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)將所列段落（7～8個）重新排序，其中2～3個段落在文章中的位置已給出。這樣的題型要求考生在閱讀各個段落的同時一定要把握住各個段落的中心思想，并將各段大意進行整合，理清它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系。第二節(jié)排序題實用答題技巧一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)的總體特點一篇完整的文章首先要提出主題，即一個包含所寫的主旨要義，也叫中心思想。一般來說，一篇文章至少分三個層次：主題、中心思想和次中心思想?？忌鷳獜暮暧^把握不同文體（記敘文、描寫文、說明文和議論文）的基本特征。a、記敘文行文思路事件的敘述連貫并符合邏輯，通常按照時間順序展開。事件之間通常使用一些過渡性詞語來連接。文中細節(jié)逐漸引向事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的高潮部分。b、描寫文：描寫文強調(diào)的是