2023年人教版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題5：介詞 講義

語(yǔ)法專題：介詞【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。一般位于名詞或代詞之前，在句中不單獨(dú)作任何成分。介詞本身有獨(dú)立的含義，但意義不夠完整，在句中使用時(shí)，后面必須接賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)后，才能表達(dá)完整的意義?！究键c(diǎn)1】表時(shí)間的介詞1.at,in,on表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別介詞用法舉例at,in,onat表示某一時(shí)刻_______7:00_______themorning_______Tuesday_______February_______spring_______2000_______acoldmorning_______themorningofMay1ston表示具體某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午和晚上in表示月份、季節(jié)、年份、世紀(jì)、上午、下午、晚上【注意】(1)在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等開(kāi)始的表示時(shí)間的單詞或詞組前不用介詞。IwillgotoBeijing______________________.下周我將去北京。2.in,after表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別介詞用法舉例in,afterafter指時(shí)間“在……以后”(1)接時(shí)間段時(shí),多和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用(2)接時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí),多和一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用Iwillcomeback_______threedays.Theycameback_______twodays.Theywillbefree_______2o'clockthisafternoon.“in+時(shí)間段”表示從現(xiàn)在算起到若干時(shí)間以后,意為“在……時(shí)間后”,用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)3.for,since,from表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別介詞用法舉例for“for+一段時(shí)間”意為“已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,可與過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)等多種時(shí)態(tài)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Shehasworkedthere_____fouryears.Greatchangeshavetakenplace______heleft.Studentsgotoschool_______MondaytoFriday.since(1)用作介詞時(shí),意為“自從,自……以后”,指從某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)至今,后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),通常與完成時(shí)連用(2)用作連詞,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句fromfrom(from…to…)表示開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,意為“從……”(“從……到……”),謂語(yǔ)可用過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)4.until/till表示“到……為止,直到……之時(shí),直至”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常用在肯定句中，用till/untilYou’dbetterstayinbed___tomorrow.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常用在否定句中not…until…意為“直到……才……”Ididn’tgotobed______elevenlastnight.【考題鏈接】()1.Theplanewilltakeoff________threehours.Imustgettotheairportrightnow.A.inB.forC.onD.at()2.Ioftengetupathalfpastseven________Saturdaymorning.A.inB.forC.onD.at()3.Theweddingpartywillbe________themorningofSundayJanuary8th________10:00.in;atB.on;atC.on;in()4.MyfriendAlicewasborn_______asummerevening_________July,1999.in;inB.in;atC.on;atD.on;in()5.—Juniorhighschooldayswillbeover_______aweek．Howareyoufeeling？—I’mtryingtokeepmycoolbecausewe’vebeentogether________threeyears．A．in；inB．for；inC．in；forD．for；for【考點(diǎn)2】表地點(diǎn)和方位的介詞1.in,at,onin表示地點(diǎn),意為“在……內(nèi)”,用于內(nèi)部Heputhishands_______hispockets.他把手放進(jìn)口袋Therewasacarpet______thefloor.地板上鋪著一塊地毯Iarrived______thestationat7:00.我7點(diǎn)鐘到車站的Hewasborn_____Wuhan.他出生在武漢_____thetable在桌子旁邊on意為“在……上面”,用于表面接觸,指在一個(gè)平面上at表示“在某地”時(shí),at后接小地方,in后接大地方表示“在……旁邊”2.between,amongbetween表示“在(兩者)之間”常用詞組:between…and…Iwillbeback___________fiveandsix.我將在5點(diǎn)到6點(diǎn)之間回來(lái)Themanwhoisstanding_______thestudentsisLily’sfather.站在學(xué)生之間的是莉莉的父親among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之間”3.through,across,crossthrough介詞,縱穿(從空間穿過(guò))Thesoldierswent_________theforest.那些士兵穿過(guò)樹(shù)林了Heiswalking__________thestreet.他正在橫穿馬路Heis__________thestreet.他正在橫穿馬路across介詞,橫穿(橫過(guò)某個(gè)平面)cross動(dòng)詞,橫穿(橫過(guò)某個(gè)平面)4.infrontof,inthefrontofin

front

of表示“在……的前面(范圍外)”Therearesometrees____________________theclassroom.教室前面有一些樹(shù)。in

the

front

of表示“在……的前部(范圍內(nèi))”O(jiān)urteacherusuallysits____________________theclassroom.我們的老師經(jīng)常坐在教室的前面。【考題鏈接】()1.—Whendidyourfatherarrive______Beijing?—Hearrived______themorningofJanuaryl3th.A.at;inB.in;inC.to:onD.in;on()2.ArecentstudyinAustraliashowsthatparentsare_______thetopfiveworld'shardestjobs.A.betweenB.amongC.fromD.above()3.Firstgo_______thevillageandthenwalk_______thebridge.Youcanfindhimonthefarm.A.across;throughB.through;acrossC.through:throughD.across;across()4.—Whyareyoustanding,Alice?—Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting_______me.A.behind.B.nexttoC.betweenD.infrontof()5.MrWuisstanding_________theclassroom.Thereisateacher’sdesk_________him.[來(lái)源:學(xué)|科|網(wǎng)Z|A.infrontof;infrontof B.inthefrontof;inthefrontofC.infrontof;inthefrontof D.inthefrontof;infrontof[來(lái)源:【考點(diǎn)3】表方式和工具的介詞1.by,in,on表交通方式用by時(shí),交通工具前不用任何限定詞;用on或in時(shí),交通工具前要用限定詞。如:Jennygoestoschool_______bike.詹妮騎自行車去上學(xué)。(bybike=_______abike)Mr.Greengoestowork_______car.格林先生開(kāi)車去上班。(bycar=_______acar)2.by,in,with表示手段或工具(1)with后跟具體的工具。如:Ioftendomyhomework_______apen.我經(jīng)常用鋼筆做作業(yè)。(2)in表示使用某種語(yǔ)言或使用某種材料,語(yǔ)言、材料前不加冠詞。如:Canyouspeakit_______English?你能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)嗎?(3)by表示用某種方式或手段,在名詞前不加冠詞,若后接動(dòng)詞,需將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞形式。如:Thispairofshoesismade_______hand.這雙鞋是手工做的。Hemakesaliving_______teaching.他靠教書(shū)為生。表示用某種方式，后可接表示交通工具、手段、通訊方式等名詞Ioftenwatchfootballgames______TV.【考題鏈接】()1.—Kelly,who’sthegirl_____glassesinthephoto?—It’sme.Iusedtowearglassesandhavelonghair.A.byB.ofC.onD.with()2.MoYan'sbooksareverypopular,Youcanfindtheyareonsale_____manylanguages.A.inB.toC.withD.at()3.—Hownicethefishtastes!Couldyoutellmewhotaughtyoutocookit?—Tobehonest,IlearntitwatchingTV.IlearntocookmanydishesTV.A.by;inB.by;onC.in;onD.in;in【考點(diǎn)4】其他常見(jiàn)介詞介詞用法舉例against表示“反對(duì)”“違背”,其反義詞為for若表示“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)”,一般與副詞strongly搭配短語(yǔ)playagainst意為“與··...·對(duì)抗或比賽”Theyarestrongly_________theidea.他們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這個(gè)意見(jiàn)。like意為“像……一樣”,用于說(shuō)明相似關(guān)系Hetalkedtome______myfather.他像父親那樣跟我談話。as意為“作為,以……的身份”后跟表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)、身份的名詞Heworks____ateacherinaschool.我們選他當(dāng)我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。except表示“除……之外(不包括在內(nèi))”,是從整體中除去一部分Weareallhere________LiMing.除了李明之外,我們都在這里。with表示伴隨,也表示“和……一起，穿戴”Shelives_______herparents.她同父母住在一起。without表示“沒(méi)有”Heleft__________sayingaword.他什么也沒(méi)有說(shuō)就離開(kāi)了。for(1)表示目的,意為“為了”Let’sgo_____awalk.讓我們?nèi)ド⒉桨伞?2)表原因、理由Guangzhouisfamous_____itsdeliciousfood.廣州因?yàn)樗拿朗扯雒?3)表用途、對(duì)象Ithinkdrinkingmilkisgood_____ourhealth.我認(rèn)為喝牛奶對(duì)我們的健康有好處。of意為“...的”，表示屬于關(guān)系window____room房間的窗戶importance______learningEnglish學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要性【注意】Itis+adj(修飾事物的特征)+forsbtodosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)，做某事是...的Itis+adj(修飾人的品質(zhì))+ofsbtodosth.某人做某事是...的Itiskind______youtohelpme.Itisimportant______ustolearnEnglishwell.【考題鏈接】()1.—Alice,wouldyouliketogohikingwithus?—Whatapity!I'mfreeeveryday_______today.A.forB.exceptC.besidesD.among()2.Ourclassaremuchsuretowinthefootballgame_______ClassThree.A.ofB.inC.againstD.from()3.Ieatrice_______beefandpotatoes.It’sdelicious.

A.in B.on C.with D.for()4.ThankstothevideoVisitingtheWorldOnline,wecanenjoythesights_______leavinghome.

with B.by C.without D.against()5.Mostpeopleare____buildingapaperfactorynearhere.Theyareworriedtheriverwillgetpolluted.A.forB.withC.againstD.beyond()6.Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Ican’tcompletethetaskontime______yourhelp.A.withoutB.underC.withD.for()7.Itiscareless______himtolosehiswalletagain.Ithinkitnecessary______himtobecarefulnexttime.A.of;to B.of;for C.for;for[來(lái)D.for;of【考點(diǎn)5】介詞短語(yǔ)1.介詞與動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)搭配listen______聽(tīng)laugh______嘲笑get______到達(dá)get______/______上車/下車 look______尋找 wait______等待hear______收到……的來(lái)信 worry______擔(dān)心 think______想起,認(rèn)為look______照顧,照料 turn______/______打開(kāi)/關(guān)掉 agree______同意(某人)deal______對(duì)付,處置 depend______依靠 regard…______…把…當(dāng)作…pay______付款knock______敲 ask______請(qǐng)求,向……要comeup_________想出getalong________和...相處的好2.介詞與形容詞的常見(jiàn)搭配befond______喜歡 beready______為……做好準(zhǔn)備 bebusy______忙于belate______遲到beafraid______害怕 begood______擅長(zhǎng)于 befull______裝滿beproud______為...而自豪bethesame_______和...相同bedifferent________與...不同besimilarto_______和...相似3.介詞與名詞的常見(jiàn)搭配______bike/bus/train騎自行車/乘公共汽車/乘火車________one’shelp在某人的幫助下________one’shelp沒(méi)有某人的幫助________one’swayto在某人去……的路上 ________time準(zhǔn)時(shí)________one’ssurprise使某人驚奇的是 ________foot步行________theendof在……盡頭,末尾 ________theageof在……歲時(shí)allkinds_______各種各樣的【考題鏈接】()1.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinXiangyang.Weareall________theachievements.A.knownasB.proudofC.similartoD.goodwith()2.________hissurprise,hecouldenterthatuniversitywithahighgrade!A.WithB.ForC.ByD.To()3.________theageofthirty,PeggywenttotheUSAtolookforajob.A.OnB.AtC.FromD.By()4.—Theboxistooheavytocarry.What'sinit?—Oh,itis________books.A.filledwithB.coveredwithC.usedforD.askedfor()5.Thesmileonherfaceshowsthatsheis______herworkA.worriedaboutB.pleasedwithC.sorryforD.afraidof()6.Peopleregarddrinkingtea________aculturemorethanahabit.A.asB.byC.ofD.with()7.Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilar_____me,butIthinksheisdifferent____me.A.as;fromB.to;fromC.to;toD.as;to()8._____thehelpoftheInternet,newscanreacheverycorneroftheworldquickly.A.UnderB.WithC.onD.Without【考點(diǎn)6】介詞短語(yǔ)辨析1.befamousfor.befamousas,befamousto(1)befamous_______(+sth)意為“因...而聞名、出名”，后接.(2)befamous_______意為“作為...而出名”，后接職業(yè)或sth.。(3)befamous_______意為“廣為人知，大家都熟悉的”，后接sb.如:NewYorkisfamous______itshighbuildings.LuXunisfamous______awriter.LiuYifeiisfamous______mostyoungpeople.2.bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeby,bemadein“bemade______+材料”，意為“由···.··制成”，能看見(jiàn)原材料。(2)“bemade______+材料”，意為“由·.....制成”，看不見(jiàn)原材料(3)“bemade______+人”，意為“由某人制造”(4)“bemade______+地方”，意為“在某地制造”如:Thetableismade______wood.Everyoneknowsthatpaperismade______wood.Thetablewasmade______myfatheryearsago.Thecarismade______China.【考題鏈接】()1.TF-boysarefamous______theirsongs.A.forB.withC.asD.from()2.Thisbottleofwine(酒)ismade_______grapesanditismade_______France.A.of;inB.from;ofC.from;inD.in;from【真題回顧】一、語(yǔ)法選擇()1.—Howsoonwillwegettheofferfromanewhighschool?—__________abouttwomonths.

A.In B.For C.Among D.During()2.Early________asunnymorning,Davidandhisdonkeysstopatariver…

A.in B.on C.at D.for()3.Thebridgeruns__________twomountains.

A.at B.under C.among D.between()4.—Whyareyoustanding,Alice?—Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting__________me.

A.behind B.nextto C.between D.infrontof()5.Ithinkteawilltastebetter________somemilkinit.

A.for B.with C.from D.at()6.Judie’sclasswasstudyingChineseculture.Oneday,herteacherwentintotheclassroom________somekites.

to B.in C.with D.by()7.Thebridgeruns________twomountains.

at B.under C.among D.between()8.It'sverykind_____youtolendmeyourreusableshoppingbags.A.ofB.forC.to