高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)能力提升練閱讀理解文體分類(lèi)練5說(shuō)明文之生態(tài)環(huán)保類(lèi)

文體分類(lèi)練(五)說(shuō)明文之生態(tài)環(huán)保類(lèi)(限時(shí):25分鐘)Passage1(2023河北邯鄲一模)BeeprotectionisabigissuethesedaysinAmerica,withpeopleplantingnativepollinatorgardens,settingupbeehouses,andtakingpartinscientificactivitiestomonitorlocalbeepopulations.Andthisisforgoodreason—inNorthAmerica,aquarterofnativebeespeciesareatriskofextinction.Beespollinate35percentofourglobalfoodsupplyandmanyofthewildplantsourecosystemsdependon.NoMowMay,amovementthatbeganintheUK,isnowrapidlyspreadingthroughouttheUS.Itspopularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyourlistandlettingyourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.Thislets“l(fā)awnflowers”suchasdandelionsgrowatatimewhenbeefoodisrare.Dandelions,despitebeingprettyanduseful,arenonnative.Thenwhydowepromoteamovementthatencouragestheirgrowth?Here’sthebasicanswer—don’tlet“perfect”betheenemyof“good”.Sure,it’dbegreattoturnyourentireneighborhoodintoabeekingdomofnativeplants,butthatcantakelotsoftimeandmoney.WhiledandelionshavebeetheposterchildforNoMowMay,otherplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsoappearinyourlawn.“Besidesdandelions,therearemanyotherplantsthataregoingtobethere,”saysDr.ClaudioGrattonattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison.

InMassachusetts,scientistsfound63speciesofplantsinlawns,30percentofwhichwerenativetothestate.MostoftheAmericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuthavetendedtohatethemasadultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.“NoMowMayforcesustothinkaboutourrelationshipwithnature.Weshouldreflectonthewaywehavemadenaturesuitourneeds,andrealizeflowersplayreallyimportantroles,”saysDr.ClaudioGratton.1.WhatisthebackgroundtoNoMowMayintheUS?A.Nativebeespeciesareincreasing.B.Thereisatendencytoprotectbees.C.Beesmainlydependongardenplants.D.Morepeoplehavenotimetocutlawns.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheNoMowMay?A.Itneedsalmostnocost.B.FewAmericanssupportit.C.Itisaimedatgrowingdandelions.D.Itappealsforcarefulattentiontothelawns.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“posterchild”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Slightelement. B.Rareexception.C.Typicalexample. D.Difficultproblem.4.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithAmericanlawnculture?A.Abeefriendlylawn.B.Aregularlycutlawn.C.Alawngrowingnaturally.D.Alawnwithnativeflowers.Passage2(2023安徽安慶二模)Interactivesoftwarethat“reads”andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinos(犀牛)canbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers(偷獵者),accordingtoaDukeUniversityledstudy.Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino’sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.“Ifyoufindamatch,youcanidentifytheindividualanimalwholeftthemarkand,byplottingthelocationsofalltheotherplaceswheremarkshavebeenseen,trackitsmovementswithoutdisturbingitoringintocloseenoughcontactwithit,”saidZoeJewell,aprofessoratDukeUniversity’sNicholasSchooloftheEnvironment,whocoledthestudyandiscocreatorofFIT.“It’sacosteffectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturiesoldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,”shesaid.JewellandhercolleaguesarenowworkingwithNamibia’sMinistryofEnvironment,ForestryandTourismtotrainwildlifeconservationists,landmanagersandlocalguideshowtouseFIT.Namibiaishometoanestimated2,000blackrhinos,orabout90%ofthespecies’totalpopulationworldwide.Thoughlegallyownedbythegovernment,theanimalsaredistributedgeographicallyonprivatelandsacrossthecountry.TheFITsoftwarecanalsodoasurveyoffootprintsthroughouttheprotectedareaandtakemeasurementsfromeachfootprinttoestimatethenumberofrhinosinthatarea.Thiscanbeusefulinformationforcalculationresourceneedstomonitortheanimalseffectively.Thiscreatesaninteractivelibrarythatantipoachingpatrols(反偷獵巡邏)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears.5.Whatisthepurposeofthesoftware?A.Topromotethedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Toprotectblackrhinosfrombeinghunted.C.Toanalyzethefootprintsofillegalpoachers.D.Tosaveendangeredspeciesacrosstheworld.6.What’stheadvantageofthesoftware?A.Itownsvariousfunctions.B.Itgoestothemarket.C.Itisperfectlypractical.D.Itismorethanpopular.7.WhatdoesZoeJewellsayabouttheapproach?A.Itbringsthebestadvantageforthelowestcost.B.Ithelpsincreasethepopulationofblackrhinos.C.Itraisespeople’sawarenessoftheenvironment.D.Itstrengthensthetiebetweenhumansandnature.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefutureofrhinos?A.Optimistic. B.Hopeless.C.Worrying. D.Uncertain.Passage3(2023四川涼山二診)Thesedays,EarthDayiscelebratedeveryyearonApril22inschoolsandcitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Thereareclassprojects,programs,treeplantingsandmanyotherofficialevents.So,itmaybehardtorealizethatwhenitfirststarted,EarthDaywasconsideredaradical(激進(jìn)的)protest.Themodernenvironmentalmovementbeganinthe1960s.Itwasatimeofthegenerationgap.Youngpeoplewereactingoutagainsttheirparents’wayoflife.CollegecampuseswererockedbydemonstrationagainstthewarinVietnamandotherissues.Inthemiddleofthis,in1970,aUSsenator(參議員)fromWisconsinnamedGaylordNelsoncameupwiththeideaforEarthDay.Ashelaterexplainedit,theideawastochannel“thestudentantiwarenergy”intotheenvironmentalcause.Alotofyoungpeoplefeltthatsciencewastheenemy.Thiswasinspiteofthefactthatalotofthepeoplewhowerewarningthepublicaboutairandwaterpollutionandanimalsindangerwerescientists.Afterall,wasn’tittechnology—cars,housingdevelopmentsandfactories—thatwascausingtheproblembyspreadingpollutionanddestroyingnature?SomeadultswhohadthoughtEarthDaysupportershadgonetoofarmadefunofthem.Theycalledthem“treehuggers”.Environmentalistswererightthattechnologyhadtobecontrolled.Lawsandregulationswereneededtomakesurethatbothindustryandscienceactedresponsibly.Still,sciencegotabadname.Itwasasifyouhadtochooseeitherscienceornature.Youcouldn’thaveboth.Lately,though,thesituationhaschanged.Wehaveetoseethatscienceandtheenvironmentdonothavetobeenemies.Technologycanbeusedtoprotecttheenvironment,notdestroyit.Lookatalltheadvancesincleanenergythathaveefromscience.JustasEarthDayhasevolved,sohasourviewofscienceandnature.Weknowtodaythatwedonothavetochoosebetweenthetwo.Instead,weunderstandthatscienceisoneofthemaintoolswecanusetoprotecttheenvironment.Youcanbeascientistanda“treehugger”.That’sbigadvancementforscienceandgreatnewsfortrees.9.WhatdostudentsusuallydoonEarthDay?A.Cutdowntrees.B.Joininaprotest.C.Launchaninvestigation.D.pleteaclassproject.10.WhydidGaylordNelsonsuggestcelebratingEarthDay?A.Toencourageyoungstudentstoprotectnature.B.Todirectthepublic’sattentiontoenvironmentalchanges.C.Totakestudents’attentionawayfromantiwardemonstration.D.Tonarrowthegenerationgapbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirparents.11.Whatdidsomeadultsthinkof“treehuggers”?A.Tooextreme. B.Quiterational.C.Veryknowledgeable. D.Reallyconsiderate.12.Whichstatementissupportedbytheauthor?A.Peoplehavetochooseeitherscienceornature.B.Nowadayssciencecanservetoprotecttheenvironment.C.Sciencehasbeenplayingapositivepartthewholetime.D.Thedevelopmentofsciencedoesharmtotheenvironment.答案：Passage1[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。“NoMowMay”運(yùn)動(dòng)起源于英國(guó),并在北美迅速擴(kuò)展開(kāi)來(lái)。通過(guò)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng),人們可以為草坪留下自由生長(zhǎng)的花,以此讓蜜蜂授粉。這一活動(dòng)不僅有利于生態(tài)環(huán)境,而且可以讓人反思自己與自然的關(guān)系。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,NoMowMay在美國(guó)的背景是有一種保護(hù)蜜蜂的趨勢(shì)。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可推知,這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎不用任何費(fèi)用。3.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后文“otherplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsoappearinyourlawn”可知,蒲公英是“NoMowMay”運(yùn)動(dòng)擴(kuò)展后常見(jiàn)的花,而這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)也會(huì)讓草坪上長(zhǎng)出其他種類(lèi)的花。即蒲公英是“NoMowMay”運(yùn)動(dòng)的典型例子。故可推斷,畫(huà)線部分意為“典型例子”。4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itspopularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyourlistandlettingyourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.”及最后一段中“MostoftheAmericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuthavetendedtohatethemasadultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.”可知,一塊定期修剪的草坪才是符合美國(guó)草坪文化的。Passage2[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一款新的軟件,這款名為FIT的軟件可以用來(lái)監(jiān)控野生動(dòng)物的活動(dòng),同時(shí)幫助保護(hù)主義者來(lái)監(jiān)視瀕危物種,并保護(hù)這些瀕危物種免受偷獵者的傷害。5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Interactivesoftwarethat‘reads’andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinoscanbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers,accordingtoaDukeUniversityledstudy.”可知,交互式軟件可以用來(lái)監(jiān)控野生動(dòng)物的活動(dòng),同時(shí)給保護(hù)主義者提供了一種新的方法來(lái)監(jiān)視瀕危物種,并幫助保護(hù)它們免受偷獵者的傷害。6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino’sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.”可知,這款軟件可以通過(guò)采集犀牛的足跡,然后會(huì)和先前收集的足跡圖像的全球數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行匹配?？赏浦?這款軟件是非常實(shí)用的。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“‘It’sacosteffectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturiesoldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,’shesaid.”可知,ZoeJewell認(rèn)為它以最低的成本帶來(lái)最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。8.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和最后一段可知,FIT軟件可以用來(lái)監(jiān)控野生動(dòng)物的活動(dòng),同時(shí)幫助保護(hù)主義者來(lái)監(jiān)視瀕危物種,并保護(hù)這些瀕危物種免受偷獵者的傷害。FIT可以對(duì)整個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)的足跡進(jìn)行調(diào)查,并對(duì)每個(gè)足跡進(jìn)行測(cè)量,以估計(jì)該區(qū)域的犀牛數(shù)量,因而未來(lái)犀牛的數(shù)量應(yīng)該是朝著人們期望的方向發(fā)展。Passage3[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了地球日的起源和發(fā)展以及作者希望人們轉(zhuǎn)變觀念——科學(xué)可以為保護(hù)環(huán)境服務(wù)。9.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thereareclassprojects,programs,treeplantingsandmanyotherofficialevents.”可知,學(xué)生通常在地球日可以完成班級(jí)項(xiàng)目。故選D項(xiàng)。10.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ashelaterexplainedit,theideawastochannel‘thestudentanti