河北省保定市2024-2025學年高三上學期期中摸底調研考試英語試題含答案

2024年高三摸底考試英語試題注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillJanedothisevening?A.Gotothelab.B.Gotoaconcert.C.Attendalecture.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaflight.B.Attheairport.C.InLondon.3.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toreserveatable.B.Toaskaboutaparty.C.Tocancelanappointment.4.HowdoesBobfeelabouthiscoffeeshop?A.Disappointed.B.Anxious.C.Satisfied.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.WeChatMoments.B.Aweekendplan.C.Anewfriend.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.7.Whichroomwillthemanstayinfor2moredays?A.Room1216.B.Room1218.C.Room1618.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemanrecommendthehybridcar?A.Itiseconomical.B.Itisbig.C.Itisfast.9.Whatkindofcardoesthewomanchoose?A.AnSUV.B.Avan.C.Ahybridcar.10.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayintotalforaday?A.$14.95.B.$37.25.C.$52.2.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Atourist.B.Astaffmember.C.Asalesperson.12.Whyisphotographynotpermittedaccordingtotheman?A.Toprotecttheexhibits.B.Tosavepeople’stime.C.Toavoiddisturbingothers.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Gotothesouvenirshop.B.VisittheexhibitonEgypt.C.Getaguidebookofthemuseum.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatimpressedJensenmostwhenshefirstcametoChina?A.Cultureshock.B.TheChineselanguage.C.Thelongjourney.15.WhendidJensenmovetoBeijing?A.In2016.B.In2017.C.In2018:16.WhatdoesJensensayaboutherChinesefriends?A.They’rehelpful.B.They’resuccessful.C.They’reopen-minded.17.WheredoesJensengetinspirationsfrom?A.HerexpenencesinManila.B.ThecityofBeijing.CThepeopleshemeets.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Reportingastudy.C.Teachingaclass.19.WhatmakesthesightsinHungarymoreattractiveaccordingtothespeaker?A.Itssmallsize.B.Itslonghistory.C.Itsuniquefolkart.20.Whyaretheremanyillustrationsinthebook?A.Tohelpthereadersunderstandthetextbetter.BToprovideaconvenientformatforvisitorstoHungary.C.TopresentapictureofHungaryfor“armchairtravelers”.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AREADINGCOMPREHENSION,WRITING,ANDPUBLICSPEAKINGENRICHMENTPROGRAMGRADES:2-3,4,5-6,and7-8PROGRAMOFFEREDONLINEANDIN-PERSONATMARKHAM,MISSISSAUGA,ANDNORTHYORKCAMPUSESCOST:$2,000|DATES:September2024toJune2025PowerofWordsAcademyoffersacomprehensiveenrichmentprograminreadingcomprehension,writing,andpublicspeakingforstudentsinGrades2-8.Runningthroughouttheschoolyear,fromSeptembertoJune,classesareheldonceaweekfor1.5hours,makingitconvenientforstudentswithbusyschedules.Thisprogramisavailablebothonlineandin-person,offeringflexibilityforstudentsacrossmultiplelocations.Theprogramcomprisesofthreeunits:ReadingComprehensionandSummarizingUnit(wherestudentswilllearnhowtoexaminetextsandidentifythemainideasandkeydetails)WritingUnit(wherestudentslearnthestructureofwritingfourtypesofessays,includingexpository,persuasive,comparativeandcontrastandresearchessays)PublicSpeakingandDebateUnit(wherestudentslearnhowtowriteanddeliveraspeech,aswellasdevelopdebateskills)Inaddition,20minutesofeachclassduringtheschoolyearisfocusedonthebuildingblocksofwriting(includingvocabulary,grammar,sentencestructure,etc.).Studentsaregiventwomini-lessonsandworkoutoftheLanguagePowerNowworkbooksduringthissection.Aninitialpaymentof$100isdueonregistration,andtheremainingfeeof$1,900ispayableoverfourpaymentsovertheschoolyear.1.Whichofthefollowingshowstheflexibilityoftheprogram?A.Studentscanattendclassesonlineorinpersonatdifferentlocations.B.Theprogramallowsstudentstochangeclasstimeseachweek.C.Theprogramisavailableinthesummerandduringtheschoolyear.D.Studentscanchoosebetweenal-hourand1.5-hourclassduration.2.Whatsectionofeachclassisspecificallyfocusedonbuildingblocksofwriting?A.Theentireclass. B.20minutes.C.30minutes. D.1hour.3.Howwillstudentspayfortheprogram?A.$100initialpaymentonregistration,then$1,900paidin4payments.B.$100initialpaymentonregistration,thenthefull$1,900paidatonce.C.Thetotal$2,000ispaidonregistration.D.Thetotal$2,000isdividedinto4equalpayments.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一個閱讀、寫作和演講培訓項目?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據正文第一段中“Thisprogramisavailablebothonlineandin-person,offeringflexibilityforstudentsacrossmultiplelocations.(該課程提供在線和面對面兩種形式，為不同地點的學生提供靈活性。)”可知，學生可以在線上課，也可以在不同地點上課，顯示了該計劃的靈活性。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Inaddition,20minutesofeachclassduringtheschoolyearisfocusedonthebuildingblocksofwriting(includingvocabulary,grammar,sentencestructure,etc.).)”可知，每個班級有20分鐘專門關注寫作的基石。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中“Aninitialpaymentof100isdueonregistration,andtheremainingfeeof$1,900ispayableoverfourpaymentsovertheschoolyear.(注冊時支付100美元的首期費用，其余1900美元的費用在整個學年分四次支付。)”可知，注冊時需支付100美元的初始費用，其余1900美元可在學年分四次支付。故選A。BMaslowsaid,“Ifyouhaveahammer...theneverythingyou’llseeisanail.”Basically,whenweacquireoraregivenaspecifictoolorskill,wetendtobeinfluencedbyitsfunctionandusefulness-leadingustoseeopportunitiestousethattoolorskilleverywhere.Thiscreatesatendencythatlimitscreativeproblem-solvingbymakingusrelytoomuchonwhatweknow,evenwhenit’snolongeruseful.In1949,WagnerDodgeledtheSmokeJumpers,afirst-classfirefightingteam,tobattleawildfireinMontana.Theconditionsquicklyworsenedasstrongwindsandintenseheatturnedthefireintoadeadlyforce,makingasafewithdrawaltheonlyoption.Dodgerealizedthattheheavily-equippedteamcouldn’toutrunthefire,sohemadeaquick,unconventionaldecision.Withflamesclosingin,Dodgeorderedhisteamtodroptheirheavyequipmenttoescapefaster.Butthecrewseemedunableorunwillingtofollowhislead.Afterall,theyneededtheirtoolstofightfire,didn’tthey?Dodgethendidsomethingsounexpectedthathiscrewthoughthe’dlosthismind.Hetookouthismatchesandbegantosetfiretothegrassinfrontofhim,causingasecondfiretospringup.AsthistechniquewassomethingthatoccurredtoDodgeonthespotandnotsomethingtaughtintraining,thecrewdidn’tseemtounderstandwhathewasdoingandnoonefollowedhim.Theycontinuedtofleefromthefire,whichwasclosinginatanestimated30milesperhour.Afterwhatmusthaveseemedaneternitybutwasinrealityjustacoupleofminutes,Dodge,despitesomeinjuriesfromthefreshashes,survivedbylyinginthenewlyburntarea,but13ofhismentragicallydied,unabletoletgooftheirtoolsandtrustDodge’sdesperate,life-savingstrategy.4.WhydoestheauthormentionMaslow’squoteaboutthehammerandnail?A.Toshowthattoolsareessentialinallproblem-solvingsituations.B.Toexplainhowpeoplebecomeoverlyreliantonfamiliartoolsandmethods.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofgoodtrainingforadangeroussituation.D.TosuggestthattherighttoolscouldhavesavedDodge’screw.5.WhatwasDodge’sunusualdecisionafterassessingthespeedofthefire?A.Hewantedtobetheonlyonetowithdrawsafely.B.Heapproachedtheflameswithlittleequipment.C.Heorderedhiscrewtodropthefire-fightingequipment.D.Heprovidedhiscrewwithunconventionalequipment.6.WhydidDodge’screwfailtofollowhisleadofcausingasecondfire?A.Theydidn’ttrusthimbecausehehadlosttheirrespectearlier.B.TheyweretootiredtocomprehendDodge’sinstructions.C.Thefiredidnotspreadasquicklyastheyhadanticipated.D.Theycouldn’tgrasphisnewapproachasitwasn’tpartoftheirtraining.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternity”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Amomentofintenserelief. B.Asenseofendlessness.C.Averyshortperiodoftime. D.Alifelongmemoryoftheevent.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了道奇在野火中沒有過于依賴工具，最終及時逃生，而過度依賴工具的隊員卻不幸遇難?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Maslowsaid,“Ifyouhaveahammer...theneverythingyou’llseeisanail.”Basically,whenweacquireoraregivenaspecifictoolorskill,wetendtobeinfluencedbyitsfunctionandusefulness-leadingustoseeopportunitiestousethattoolorskilleverywhere.Thiscreatesatendencythatlimitscreativeproblem-solvingbymakingusrelytoomuchonwhatweknow,evenwhenit’snolongeruseful.(馬斯洛說：“如果你有一把錘子……然后你看到的一切都是釘子。”基本上，當我們獲得或獲得一種特定的工具或技能時，我們往往會受到其功能和有用性的影響，從而使我們看到在任何地方使用該工具或技能的機會。這就產生了一種傾向，使我們過于依賴我們所知道的東西，即使這些東西不再有用，也會限制創(chuàng)造性的問題解決。)”可知，作者提到馬斯洛關于錘子和釘子的引言是為了解釋人們是如何過度依賴熟悉的工具和方法的。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Dodgerealizedthattheheavily-equippedteamcouldn’toutrunthefire,sohemadeaquick,unconventionaldecision.(道奇意識到這支裝備精良的隊伍無法逃離大火，所以他做出了一個迅速而非常規(guī)的決定。)”以及第三段中“Withflamesclosingin,Dodgeorderedhisteamtodroptheirheavyequipmenttoescapefaster.(隨著火焰逼近，道奇命令他的小隊放下重型裝備，以便更快地逃生。)”可知，道奇在評估了火勢的速度后，他做出的不尋常的決定是命令隊員扔掉消防設備。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“Butthecrewseemedunableorunwillingtofollowhislead.Afterall,theyneededtheirtoolstofightfire,didn’tthey?(但隊員們似乎不能或不愿聽從他的指揮。畢竟，他們需要工具來滅火，不是嗎？)”和第四段“Dodgethendidsomethingsounexpectedthathiscrewthoughthe’dlosthismind.Hetookouthismatchesandbegantosetfiretothegrassinfrontofhim,causingasecondfiretospringup.AsthistechniquewassomethingthatoccurredtoDodgeonthespotandnotsomethingtaughtintraining,thecrewdidn’tseemtounderstandwhathewasdoingandnoonefollowedhim.(然后道奇做了一件意想不到的事，他的隊員們都以為他瘋了。他拿出火柴，開始在他面前的草地上點火，引起了第二場大火。由于這個技巧是道奇當場想到的，而不是訓練中教的，所以隊員似乎不明白他在做什么，也沒有人跟著他。)”可知，道奇的隊員沒有跟隨的原因是他們無法理解道奇的新方法，因為這不是他們訓練中教的內容。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據最后一段中“butwasinrealityjustacoupleofminutes,Dodge,despitesomeinjuriesfromthefreshashes,survivedbylyinginthenewlyburntarea,but13ofhismentragicallydied,unabletoletgooftheirtoolsandtrustDodge’sdesperate,life-savingstrategy.(但實際上只有幾分鐘，盡管道奇被新燃燒的灰燼弄傷了一些，但他躺在新燃燒的地方幸存了下來，但他的13名手下不幸喪生，他們無法放下自己的工具，也無法相信道奇不顧一切的救命策略。)”可知，這段危險時期看似漫長但實際上只有幾分鐘的時間，所以此處eternity指的是“漫長的時間”，即“一種無盡的感覺”。A.Amomentofintenserelief一瞬間的巨大解脫；B.Asenseofendlessness無盡的感覺；C.Averyshortperiodoftime很短的時間；D.Alifelongmemoryoftheevent對事件的終生記憶。故選B。CSalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮當作響)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.NowDali’smysterious-soundingmethodhasbeendocumentedbyscience.“Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Oudietteandhercolleaguesconductedanexperiment-103volunteerswereaskedtocompleteaseriesofmathproblems.Unbeknowntotheparticipants,therewasaquickshortcuttosolvethem.ThevolunteerswereaskedtocopyDali’smethodbutpinching(捏)aplasticbottlewiththeirfingertipsratherthanakey.SometookaDali-stylemicronap,somenappedlonger,andothersdidn’tnapatall.Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.8.HowdoesSalvadorDali’s“slumberwithakey”methodwork?A.Byencouragingcreativitywhilewe’rehalfasleep.B.Bystrengtheningmemoryinarelaxedstate.C.Byimprovingsleepingqualitywithakeyinhand.D.Bystayingawaketohaveapeacefulafternoonsleep.9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentofOudiette?A.Thevolunteerswereaskedtosolveamathproblem.B.ThevolunteersdidthesameasDalihaddone.C.Thevolunteerstakingashortersleepdidbest.D.Thevolunteerssleepinglongergottheanswersfaster.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thesubjectsoftheexperiment.B.Thepurposeoftheexperiment.C.Thefindingsoftheexperiment.D.Thetheoreticalanalysisoftheexperiment.11.WhatwillOudiettedoinherfollow-upwork?A.Researchintonappingwithdifferenttasks.B.Conductmoreexperimentsonmathproblems.C.Studythemechanismofvariousnapping.D.Teachpeoplehowtocompletecreativetasks.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了薩爾瓦多·達利的“帶鑰匙小睡”方法及科學驗證?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“SalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮當作響)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.(偉大的畫家SalvadorDali有一種奇特的提神方法——他稱之為“帶鑰匙小睡”。在他的書中，他描述了它是如何工作的?！澳惚仨氉诜鍪忠紊?。你左手拿著一把很重的鑰匙，掛在一個盤子上面。然后，你只需要讓自己逐漸進入一個寧靜的下午睡眠。當你逐漸入睡時，鑰匙會從你的手指滑落，并在盤子上叮當作響，喚醒你?！?”和第二段中““Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.(巴黎大腦研究所的睡眠研究員DelphineOudiette說：“我們發(fā)現，在清醒和睡眠之間的這段時間非常能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，而拿著東西打盹可能有助于進入這個創(chuàng)造性的最佳點。”)”可知，SalvadorDali的“帶鑰匙小睡”方法的工作原理為在我們半睡半醒的時候促進創(chuàng)造力。故選A。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.(隨后，研究人員要求所有志愿者解決數學問題，發(fā)現小睡一會兒的志愿者解決問題的可能性是完全不午睡的志愿者的近三倍。那些睡眠時間較長的人實際上比那些短暫睡眠和保持清醒的人表現更差。)”可知，睡眠時間較短的志愿者表現最好。故選C。【10題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第五段“Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.(研究人員認為，在這個階段，你擁有兩個世界中最好的：睡眠和清醒。因此，你失去了對自己思想的控制，產生了松散的聯想——在不同的記憶之間建立遙遠的聯系——這可能有助于創(chuàng)造力。與此同時，你保持一些意識，這可能會幫助你意識到你什么時候有一個好主意。)”可知，本段主要介紹了實驗的理論分析，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.(Oudiette說，她的下一步工作將包括在數學問題之外的其他創(chuàng)造性任務中重復這個實驗，以了解更多關于這個機制的知識，并可能試圖教會人們達到這個創(chuàng)造性的最佳點。)”可知，Oudiette在她的后續(xù)工作中將會研究不同任務的小睡情況，故選A。DFortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.Atomicclocksworkbyexcitingtheelectronsaroundanatom’snucleus(原子核)withincomingradiationofaspecificfrequency,witheachwavecyclecorrespondingtoa“tick.”Nuclearclockswouldfunctionsimilarlybutwouldusethetransitionsofneutronsandprotons(中子和質子)insidethenucleus.Themostpromisingcandidatenucleusisthorium-229,whichuniquely,hasanucleartransitionthatlasers(激光)shouldbeabletoactivate.Theexactfrequencyatwhichthisoccurs,however,haslongbeenunknown.ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.Whentheyfireditatthetarget,oneparticularlightstreammatchedthenucleartransitionfrequency.Althoughthesystemneedsoptimization,Zhangsays,“It’sthefirstdemonstrationthatallthecomponentsofanuclearclockarehere.”Becauseatomicclocksarealreadymorethanaccurateenoughformostpracticaluses,scientistsarenotaimingtoreplacethem.Instead,theyaremoreinterestedintheadvantagesofhavingtwoindependentmethodsformeasuringtime,asbeyondprecisetimekeeping,nuclearclockscouldhavebroaderapplicationsinfundamentalphysics.OnepotentialuseisintestingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,whichsuggests,amongotherthings,thatclocksshouldtickmoreslowlyinstrongergravitationalfields.Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.12.Whatdoweknowaboutatomicclocks?A.Theyarelessaccuratethanquartztimepieces.B.Theyareaccurateenoughfornearlyallpracticalusestoday.C.Thedifferencebetweenatomicandquartzclocksisinsignificant.D.TheyarenotreliableenoughfortechnologieslikeGPSorstocktrading.13.WhatbreakthroughdidChuankunZhangandJunYeachieve?A.Theypredictedtheexactfrequencyofthethorium-229nucleartransition.B.Theydiscoveredanewtypeofnucleartransitioninthorium-229.C.Theybuiltalasertotargetfrequenciesnearthetransitionpoint.D.Theyusedamicrowave-basedlasertomeasurethethorium-229transition.14.ThetextsuggeststhatEinstein’stheoriesofrelativitymightneedrevisionif______.A.atomicclocksstopworkingaccuratelyinstronggravityB.nuclearclocksprovetobemoreaccuratethanatomicclocksC.scientistsdiscoveranewforcebeyondthenuclearandelectromagneticforcesD.nuclearclockstickdifferentlyinstronggravitycomparedtoatomicclocks15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecisionB.TheNewAgeofTimekeeping:FromQuartztoAtomicClocksC.TheNuclearRevolution:AClockThatChangedOurUnderstandingofTimeD.TheTestofTime:ANewClockChallengingtheLawsofPhysics【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新型核時鐘的研發(fā)將重新定義時間精度。12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Fortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.(對于精確計時的人來說，只有原子鐘才能做到。最好的石英表每六周會損失一毫秒，而原子鐘每十年可能不會損失千分之一毫秒。這些設備足夠精確，可以驅動從GPS和互聯網到股票市場交易的一切)”可知，原子鐘對于幾乎所有實際應用來說都已經足夠準確了。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.(來自博爾德科羅拉多大學的研究人員張傳坤和葉軍繞過了這一挑戰(zhàn)，他們開發(fā)了一種定制的激光器，能夠在預期的過渡點周圍產生一系列頻率)”可知，二人制造了一種能夠針對接近轉變點的頻率的激光。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.(如果在這種條件下，核時鐘與原子鐘的反應有任何不同，就可能促使人們重新思考這些已經確立的理論)”可知，如果核時鐘在強引力場中的反應與原子時鐘不同，那么愛因斯坦的相對論可能需要修正。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第一段中“However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.(該領域的先驅EkkehardPeik說，這樣的時鐘可能比今天的原子鐘精確1000倍)”可知，本文主要講述了新型核時鐘的研發(fā)將重新定義時間精度。A選項“TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecision(原子時間的終結：一種重新定義精度的新時鐘)”符合題意。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。There’slittlescientificagreementonhowmuchmoneyisenoughtomakehumanshappy.____16____Afterthat,higherincomesdon’tnecessarilyleadtogreaterhappiness.Butotherresearchfindsnosuchcutoffpoint.Moneymaynotbeapathtoabsolutejoy,butitcancertainlyhelp.Hereareafewresearch-supportedsuggestionsonhowtogetthemosthappinessoutofyourspending:●EXPERIENCESMAKEUSHAPPIERTHANTHINGSCornellUniversitypsychologyprofessorGilovichsaysthatbuyinganexperiencewillprobablyresultinmorehappinessthanbuyingnewthings.____17____That’sgreatforsurvivingafteramajornegativechangeorthelossofasenselikesightorsmell.Butthatadaptationisnotsohelpfulifyou’relookingtoenhanceyourwell-being.Humanswillsoongetusedtoanewdiningtableorafanciercar.Butexperiencesremainnovel-andconnectustootherpeople.Beyondthat,ourtendencytocomparematerialobjectsisgreaterthanourtendencytocompareexperiences.It’seasytocomparethesizeofahouseorthepriceofclothing.____18____“Youbuildyourexperiencearoundyou,”saysGilovich,whichmeansyougetyourown,uniquememoriestotreasureandyourownsocialconnectionstodevelop.●TIMEISWORTHTHEMONEYDon’twanttocleanyourbathroom?Hatecleaningoutthecar?____19____A2017studypublishedinPNASfoundthatbuyingtimeforactivitiesyouenjoybringsconsistentemotionalrewards.●SPENDONOTHERSLikespendingonexperiences“prosocial”spendinghelpsbuildsocialconnections.____20____SocialpsychologistLaraAkninnotesthatgivingcreatesapositivecycle.Shesays,“Givingtoothersmakesushappy.Thehappieryouare,themorelikelyyouaretodoitagain.”A.Butexperiencesareoftenmorepersonal.B.Thisincludesgivingtocharityortreatingafriend.C.Thatdoesn’tmeanmoneycansolveallone’sproblems.D.Foronething,humanshaveahabitofadaptingtonewsituations.E.Mostpeoplefallintooneofthetwogroups,theresearchersfound.F.One2010studysuggestsanannualincomeof$75,000isthemagicnumber.G.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyyourwayoutofthetasksyoumostdislike,youshould.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.G20.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了金錢與幸福感之間的關系，并提供了幾條基于研究的建議，幫助人們通過合理消費獲得更多的幸福感?！?6題詳解】根據上文“There’slittlescientificagreementonhowmuchmoneyisenoughtomakehumanshappy.(關于多少錢才足以讓人快樂，科學界幾乎沒有一致意見)”可知，本空需要引出關于金錢與幸福關系的一個具體觀點或研究，因此選項F“One2010studysuggestsanannualincomeof$75,000isthemagicnumber.(2010年的一項研究表明，年收入75000美元是一個神奇的數字)”介紹2010年的一項研究，能承接上文，符合語境。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據下文“That’sgreatforsurvivingafteramajornegativechangeorthelossofasenselikesightorsmell.Butthatadaptationisnotsohelpfulifyou’relookingtoenhanceyourwell-being.Humanswillsoongetusedtoanewdiningtableorafanciercar.Butexperiencesremainnovel-andconnectustootherpeople.(在經歷了重大的負面變化或失去視覺或嗅覺等感官后，這對生存是很有幫助的。但如果你想提高幸福感，這種適應并不是很有幫助。人類很快就會習慣新的餐桌或更漂亮的汽車。但體驗仍然是新奇的，并將我們與其他人聯系起來)”可知，本空需要引出人類對新情況的適應這一話題，選項D“Foronething,humanshaveahabitofadaptingtonewsituations.(一方面，人類有適應新環(huán)境的習慣。)”能引起下文，符合邏輯。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據上文“Beyondthat,ourtendencytocomparematerialobjectsisgreaterthanourtendencytocompareexperiences.It’seasytocomparethesizeofahouseorthepriceofclothing.(除此之外，我們的傾向比較物質對象大于比較經歷。比較房子的大小或衣服的價格是很容易的)”可知，前文介紹了物質的比較，本空應談論經歷與物質對象的不同之處。A選項“Butexperiencesareoftenmorepersonal.(但經歷往往更個人化。)”能承接上文，指出了經歷與物質對象的不同之處，符合語境。故選A。【19題詳解】根據上文“Don’twanttocleanyourbathroom?Hatecleaningoutthecar?(不想打掃浴室？討厭清理汽車？)”可知，本空需要給出對這些問題的建議或解決方案。G選項“Ifyoucanaffordtobuyyourwayoutofthetasksyoumostdislike,youshould.(如果你有能力用金錢擺脫你最不喜歡的任務，你應該這樣做。)”給出了一個實際的建議，能承接上文，符合語境。故選G。【20題詳解】根據上文“Likespendingonexperiences,“prosocial”spendinghelpsbuildsocialconnections.(與體驗消費一樣，“親社會”消費有助于建立社會聯系)”可知，本空需要解釋什么是“親社會”消費。B選項“Thisincludesgivingtocharityortreatingafriend.(這包括捐給慈善機構或招待朋友。)”解釋了“親社會”消費的具體內容，能承接上文，符合語境。故選B。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。SarahhadbeenplanningherdreamvacationtoItalyforyears.Shehadsavedup,carefullyplannedhertrip,and____21____everythingsheneeded.WhenshefinallyarrivedinRome,shewasfilledwith____22____-untilshediscoveredthatherluggage(行李)hadbeenlostintheprocessofbeing____23____.Panicsetinassherealizedthatallherclothes,andcarefullyselectedpersonalcareitemsforthetripwere____24____.Withnochoicebuttowaitfortheairlineto____25____herbags,Sarahhadtomakedowiththefewitemsshehadinhercarry-on.She____26____asimplesetofclothesfromalocalshopanddecidedtogooutand____27____thecity,tryingtomakethebestofthesituation.AsshewanderedthroughthenarrowstreetsofRome,somethingunexpectedhappened.Withoutthe____28____ofherluggageandallthematerialthingsshehadbrought,Sarahfoundherselfmorepresentinthe____29____.Shestruckup______30______withlocals,triedfoodsshemighthave______31______overlooked,anddiscoveredhiddenwondersthatw