2024北京房山區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試題和答案

試題PAGE1試題2024北京房山高三（上）期末英語本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Beforeenteringuniversity,WangJiayihadneversteppedontoasoccerfield.Sportswasn’treallyher___1___beforecollege.However,herperspectivechangedafterwitnessingthepassionandheatofamalesoccermatchatuniversity.Absorbedbythesport,Wangeagerlywantedto___2___.Butthe___3___ofawomen’ssoccerteamattheuniversitymeantshecouldonlyjointhemalesoccerteaminamanagementcapacity.However,thefollowingyear,shetookeffortto___4___awomen’ssoccerteaminheruniversity.Recruitingteammembersprovedtobe___5___.Wangvisitedthecampussportsgroundeachmorningtoapproachgirlsoutexercising.Shealsosoughtoutpotentialplayersfromthewomen’sbasketballandvolleyballteams.Somegirlsjoinedoutof___6___,buttheirinterestinsoccerwaslimited.Sosheandthecoachhadto___7___thembothbeforeandduringtrainingsessions.Toherdelight,theirattitudesgraduallybegantoshift.InJune,Wangjoinedalocalteam,whereshemadeaninteresting___8___:Noneoftheteammembersweremarried.Itseemsthatmarriageandmotherhoodoftenpreventwomenfrompursuingtheirpersonaldevelopment—notonlyaffectingtheirchoiceofcareerbutalso___9___therealizationoftheirownpersonalvalue.Butsomethingdid_____10_____:beforethisnewsemesterbegins,incomingfreshmenarealreadyseekingherouttojointhewomen’ssoccerteam.1.A.focus B.talent C.hope D.virtue2.A.getaway B.getinvolved C.getaround D.getdown3.A.importance B.existence C.absence D.performance4.A.establish B.sponsor C.train D.conduct5.A.disappointing B.confusing C.interesting D.challenging6.A.kindness B.curiosity C.pity D.gratitude7.A.appreciate B.criticize C.motivate D.persuade8.A.comment B.judgement C.reflection D.observation9.A.disturbing B.chasing C.bringing D.improving10.A.recover B.happen C.change D.approach第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。The____11____(winner)ofthe2023HugoAwardswereannouncedonSaturdaynight,withChineseauthorHaiYa____12____(take)hometheBestNoveletteawardfor“TheSpace-TimePainter.”HaiYa’snoveletteisinspiredbyapaintingmasterpiece,QianliJiangshanTubyWangXimengfromtheSongDynasty(960-1279).HaiYahaswoventhestoryofWang’slifeintoathriller____13____combinestheelementsoftraditionalChinesecultureandhistorywithsci-fianddetectivegenres.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OnSeptember28,2023,TigstAssefaofEthiopia____14____(shock)therunningworld.Herrecordwasfarbeyond____15____mostpeopleexpected.LastSeptember,shefirstenteredtheBerlinMarathon,andsetanewwomen’srecordforthecourse.Thisyear,sheranalmostfourminutes____16____(fast)thanshedidlastyear.Assefahadasecretweapon—hershoes.Theshoes____17____(make)sothattheycollectenergyeverytimetherunnerlandsandgiveaspecialspringastherunner’sfootleavesthegroundagain.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inatinyschoolonthesouthern-mosttipofNewZealand,childrenasyoungasfive____18____(participate)inaratcatchingcompetitionrecently.Eachchildwasgiventheirowntrap,madeoutof____19____(recycle)billboards.Theyhavebeentrappingatneighbours’houses,intheirsheds,andintheirbackyardsoverthepastthreemonths.They’rereallyintothecompetition.Theirendgoalis____20____(enable)birdspeciestorecover.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheSummerScienceProgramisanindependentnonprofit,theonlysummerprogramoperated,governed,andlargelyfundedbyitsformerparticipantsandteachers,whichisproofofitsimpactonyoungpeopleformorethansixdecades.Manyparticipantscallit“theeducationalexperienceofalifetime.”WhatcanSSPoffer?SSPoffersteensanexcitingandinspiringimmersionintohands-onexperimentalscience.Workinginteamsofthree,36participantsand7teachersformasupportive“l(fā)ivingandlearningcommunity”over39days.Eachteamcompletesarealresearchproject,takingandanalyzingoriginaldata.Afterward,theyjoinaworldwidenetworkof2,500+alumniofallages.In2024wewilloperatesixprograms:?threeinAstrophysics:researchinnear-earthasteroidorbitdeterminationatNewMexicoStateUniv.,Univ.ofColoradoBoulder,andUniversityofNorthCarolinaChapelHill.?twoinBiochemistry:researchinfungalcroppathogensatPurdueUniv.andIndianaUniv.?oneinGenomics:researchinevolutionofantibioticresistance,atIndianaUniv.IsSSPforyou?SSPisopentocurrenthighschooljuniors(andafewtrulyexceptionalsophomores)whohavecompletedthepre-requisitesbysummer,andwillbeatleast15yearsold,butnotyet19,duringtheprogram.KeyDatesfor2024ProgramsThursday,December14,2023Applicationsopen.Wecanremindyou.Friday,February2,2024Deadlineforinternationalapplicants-allnon-U.S.citizensandU.S.citizensattendingschooloutsidetheU.S.Friday,March1,2024DeadlineforU.S.citizensandgreencardholdersattendingschoolintheU.S.Mid-March,2024InternationaladmissiondecisionsreleasedMid-April,2024U.S.admissiondecisionsreleased2024ProgramswillrunmidJune-endofJuly21.Inthe39-dayprogram,participantswill______.A.createhands-onscienceprojectsforteens B.supportalivingandlearningcommunityC.collectandstudydatatocarryoutaproject D.becomepartofaglobalalumniassociation22.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.AttendingaU.S.school. B.Fundingtheprogram.C.Holdingagreencard. D.Finishingpre-requisites.23.Anoverseasstudenthadbettersubmittheapplicationbefore______.A.February B.March C.April D.DecemberBPaulDurietzisa76-year-oldsocialstudiesteacherfromIllinois.OnSeptember1,hesetaGuinnessWorldRecordfortheworld’slongestteachingcareer.Hehasbeenteachingfor53years-sincehewas23yearsold.Mr.Durietzbecameinterestedinhistoryafterhearingstoriesfromhisfather.Hemadeuphismindaboutbecomingasocialstudiesteacherwhenhewasjust11yearsold,mainlybecauseofhisloveofhistory.Mr.DurietzgothisfirstteachingjobatWoodlandMiddleSchoolinGurnee,Illinoisin1970.Eversincethen,he’sbeenteachingsocialstudiesatthesameschool.Forhim,teachingisneverboringbecauseeverydayisdifferent.Helovessharinghisknowledgeofhistorywithstudents.Thingshavechangedalotsincehebeganallthoseyearsago.Whenhestarted,hewroteonablackboardwithchalk,andthestudentsusedpapertextbooks.Thesedays,heandthestudentsusecomputersanddigitalwhiteboards.Thoughtechnologyhaschangedalot,inMr.Durietz’seyes,thestudentsarestillprettymuchthesame-exceptthatnowtheyhavecellphones.Andwithorwithouttechnology,Mr.Durietzhasusedcreativeactivitiestohelphisstudentslearn.Forexample,hehasorganizedvirtualfieldtrips,geographycontests,andspecialdaysabouttheUSCivilWar.Tohelphisstudentslearnaboutpolitics,hehasevenorganizedmock(模擬的)electionsatschool,whichhisstudentsenjoyedmost.Formuchofhis53yearsasateacher,Mr.DurietzhasbeeninchargeofthesocialstudiesprogramatWoodland.Inthattime,hehashelpedtoguideover20othersocialstudiesteachersattheschool.Tohisextremepride,hehasevenhadstudentscomebackandtellhimthattheybecamehistoryteachersbecauseofhim.Mr.Durietzwasn’treallytryingtosetarecord.Hewasjustdoingwhatheloved.Hehasnoplanstoretireanytimesoon.Hehopestobreakhisownrecord.Healsohopestosetanotherrecordastheteacherwho’sworkedthelongestatthesameschool.“Keepworkingonwhatyoulovetodoinlife,”healwayssays.24.Mr.DurietzreceivedanawardfromGuinnessfor______.A.beingtheoldestteacherinIllinoisB.beingthebestsocialstudiesteacherC.havingthelongestyearsofteachingD.working53yearsatthesameschool25.WhathasmadeMr.Durietzmostproudofhiswork?A.Sharinghisknowledgeofhistory.B.Studentsenjoyingthemockelections.C.Guidingover20otherteachersatWoodland.D.Studentsfollowinghisexampletobeteachers.26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeMr.Durietz?A.Passionate. B.Generous. C.Ambitious. D.Confident.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Befamousasyoungaspossible.C.Youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.D.Whenworkisapleasure,lifeisjoy.CFewwouldquestionthatarts,initsmassiveformsandmedia,arelikeamirrorthatreflectsthesocial,cultural,economicorevenpoliticalsituationofasocietyofaparticularera.However,beyondbeingsimplyanillustrationofthehumancondition,artscanbevitalinpushingthecountryforwardculturallyandeconomically.Withoutdoubt,artsareimportantfortheprogressofsociety.Theyenableindividualstodeveloponthewholeanddeepenthesocialtiesincommunitiesbygatheringpeopletocreate,experienceandenjoyarttogether,whichcanbeseenfromtraditionalethnicdancestointeractivetheatreperformanccs.Beyondmaterialwantsandneeds,humanbeingsfindfulfilmentinexperiencingandexpressingthingsofremarkablevaluethrougharts.Meanwhile,strongcitizens’participationinartsalsostrengthensthesocialfabricofanation.Moreover,artsenableanationtoprogressinhumanrightsandvalues.Aspowerfulmediathatareabletostirheartsandcausereflection,artscanspeakupthehumanvoiceofcriticismsharplyandclearlyintimesofcrisis,andcalluponsocietytoseekthecommongood.Itisevidentthatarts,whichexpresshumanvaluesandemotions,canconstituteaprofoundwayofpromotinghumandignityandadditionally,formthebarrieroftheethicalandmorallifeofsociety.Moreoftenthannot,aboomingartsscenemaynotnarrowtherich-poordivide.It’snothardtoseethatinahighlycompetitiveworld,itisessentialforgovemmentstoprioritizethedevelopmentofastrongworkforceandthebuildingofsustainableindustries.However,artsmaywellcomplement(補(bǔ)充)economicpoliciesasartsencourageindividualstoexercisecreativity.AsAlbertEinsteinstated,imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.Whileknowledgeandprofessionalskillsmaystimulateacountry’sdevelopment,theabilitytoinnovateandthinkoutoftheboxmaybevaluabletoasocietyfacingevernewandunpredictablechallenges.Whiletheimportanceofartsmaydifferfromcountrytocountry,dependingonitseconomiccircumstancesandthesocio-politicalissues,theimportanceofartstotheprogressofanationshouldnotbeoverlooked.28.What’sthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theformsofarts.B.Thefunctionsofarts.C.Thedefinitionofarts.D.Thedevelopmentofarts.29.Howdoartsinfluencehumanrightsandvalues?A.Byreflectinghumans’views.B.Bypointingoutthecommongood.C.Bygivingpeopleasenseoffulfilment.D.Byformingthemoralstandardofsociety.30.WhyisAlbertEinsteinmentionedinparagraph4?A.TopraiseAlbertEinstein’sachievements.B.Tocallonhumanstorememberourhistory.C.Tostresstheimportanceofartsincreativity.D.Toshowthenecessityofknowledgeandskills.31.Whatwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Artsserveasthemajorinfluenceinvalues.B.Artsplayapartintheprogressofacountry.C.Artsshouldaimatstrengtheningsocialbonds.D.Artscanbridgethegapbetweenrichandpoor.DAquickincreaseofdopamine(多巴胺)shiftsmiceintoadreamystageofsleep.Inthemice’sbrains,thechemicalmessengertriggersrapid-eye-movementsleep,orREM,researchersreportintheMarch4Science.Thesenewresultsaresomeofthefirsttoshowatriggerfortheshifts.Understandingthesetransitionsinmoredetailcouldultimatelypointtowaystotreatsleepdisordersinpeople.Certainnervecellsintheventraltegmentalareaofthemousebraincanpumpoutdopamine,amoleculethathasbeenlinkedtopleasure,movementandlearning,whichisthendelivereddopaminetotheamygdalae,twoalmond-shapedstructuresdeepinthebrainthatarecloselytiedtoemotions.Usingamolecularsensorthatcantellexactlywhenandwheredopamineisreleased,theresearcherssawthatdopaminelevelsroseintheamygdalaejustbeforemiceshiftedfromnon-REMsleeptoREMsleep.Next,theresearchersforcedthemiceintotheREMphasebycontrollingthosedopamine-producingnervecellsusinglasersandgenetictechniques.Compelledwithlight,thenervecellsreleaseddopamineintheamygdalaewhilemicewereinnon-REMsleep.ThemicethenshiftedintoREMsleepsoonerthantheytypicallydid,afteranaverageofabouttwominutescomparedwithabouteightminutesformicethatweren’tpromptedtoreleasedopamine.Stimulatingthesecellseveryhalfhourincreasedthemice’stotalamountofREMsleep.Additionalexperimentssuggestthatthesedopamine-makingnervecellsmayalsobeinvolvedinaspectsofnarcolepsy(嗜睡癥).Asuddenlossofmuscletone,calledcataplexy,sharesfeatureswithREMsleepandcanaccompanynarcolepsy.Stimulatingthesedopamine-makingnervecellswhilemicewereawakecausedthemicetostopmovingandfalldirectlyintoREMsleep.TheresultshelpclarifyatriggerforREMinmice;whetherasimilarthinghappensinpeopleisn’tknown.Earlierstudieshavefoundthatnervecellsinpeople’samygdalaeareactiveduringREMsleep.Manyquestionsremain.Drugsthatchangedopaminelevelsinpeopledon’tseemtohavebigeffectsonREMsleepandcataplexy.Butthesedrugsaffectthewholebrain,andit’spossiblethattheyarejustnotselectiveenough.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Peoplewithsleepdisorderscouldbenefitfromtheresearch.B.Dopamineisgeneratedintwoalmond-shapedstructures.C.DopaminelevelsroseaftermiceshiftedtoREMsleep.D.AnincreaseofdopaminecantriggerREMinpeople.33.Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.theentirebrainB.REMsleepandcataplexyC.drugsaffectingdopaminelevelsD.peoplesufferingfromsleepdisorders34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetwostagesofsleepofallanimals.B.ToexplaindopamineasatriggerforREMinmice.C.Topresentanewwaytocuresleepdisordersinpeople.D.Toproposeapioneerresearchinterestinbrainstructure.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.___35___Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?”___36___Hitthestreetswithconfidence.___37___Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterested.Don’tgetdiscouraged.___38___Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon’tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.___39___Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don’tleaveworkwithoutthem.A.Limityourtime.B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.C.Ifyoudon’townacamera,youcanbuyone.D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.E.Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply.第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，滿分32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Whentryingtomemorizenewmaterial,it’seasytoassumethatthemoreworkyouputin,thebetteryouwillperform.Yettakingtheoccasionalresttime—todonothingatall—maybeexactlywhatyouneed.Justdim(調(diào)暗)thelights,sitback,andenjoy10-15minutesofquietthinking,andyou’llfindthatyourmemoryofthefactsyouhavejustlearntisfarbetterthanifyouhadattemptedtousethatmomentmoreproductively.Theremarkablememory-boostingbenefitsofundisturbedrestwerefirstdocumentedin1900bytheGermanpsychologistGeorgEliasMullerandhisstudentAlfonsPilzecker.Inoneoftheirmanyexperimentsonmemoryconsolidation,MullerandPilzeckerfirstaskedtheirparticipantstolearnalistofmeaninglesssyllables.Followingashortstudyperiodhalfthegroupwereimmediatelygivenasecondlisttolearn—whiletherestweregivenasix-minutebreakbeforecontinuing.Whentestedone-and-a-halfhourslater,thetwogroupsshowedstrikinglydifferentpatternsofrecall.Theparticipantsgiventhebreakrememberednearly50%oftheirlist,comparedtoanaverageof28%forthegroupwhohadbeengivennotimetorechargetheirmentalbatteries.Thefindingsuggestedthatourmemoryfornewinformationisespeciallyweakjustafterithasfirstbeenmemorised,makingitmoresensitivetointerferencefromnewinformation.Takingregularperiodsofrest,withoutdistraction,couldhelpusallholdontonewmaterialalittlemorefirmly.Afterall,formanystudents,the10-30%improvementsrecordedinsomestudiescouldmarkthedifferencebetweenAgradeorB.“Icanimagineyoucouldincludethese10-15-minutebreakswithinarevisionperiod,”saysAidanHornerattheUniversityofYork,“andthatmightbeausefulwayofmakingsmallimprovementstoyourabilitytorememberlateron.”Intheageofinformationoverload,it’sworthrememberingthatoursmartphonesaren’ttheonlythingthatneedsaregularrecharge,ourmindsclearlydotoo.40.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatisagoodwaytoboostmemorywhilememorizingnewmaterial?_________________________________________________________________________________________41.WhatdidGeorgandAlfons’findingsuggest?_________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Toenhancethememoryability,AidanHornerencouragesstudentstohavebreakswhiletakingexams.________________________________________________________________________________________43.Besidesboostingyourmemory,whatelsecanyoudotoimproveyouracademic(學(xué)業(yè)的)performance?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)作文(20分)44.假設(shè)你是李華。你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國歷史很感興趣，并請你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：1、該人物是誰；2、該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)；3、該人物對你的影響。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于100；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLihua

參考答案第一部分：知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了王佳怡在大學(xué)之前對體育并不感興趣，但在大學(xué)里看到男子足球比賽后，她的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生了改變。她努力創(chuàng)辦了女子足球隊(duì)，并面臨了招募隊(duì)員的困難。她通過努力和激勵成功引起了女孩們對足球的興趣，后來慢慢有女生主動加入球隊(duì)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在上大學(xué)之前，體育并不是她真正關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。A.focus重點(diǎn)，關(guān)注；B.talent人才，天賦；C.hope希望；D.virtue美德。根據(jù)上文“Beforeenteringuniversity,WangJiayihadneversteppedontoasoccerfield.”可知，在上大學(xué)前，她從未踏足過足球場，說明她從未關(guān)注過足球，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：被這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動所吸引，王急切地想?yún)⑴c其中。A.getaway逃跑；B.getinvolved參與其中；C.getaround繞過；D.getdown寫下，專注于。根據(jù)上文“Absorbedbythesport,Wangeagerlywantedto”可知，她深深的被足球運(yùn)動所吸引，迫切的想要參與其中，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，由于大學(xué)沒有女子足球隊(duì)，這意味著她只能以管理身份加入男子足球隊(duì)。A.importance重要性；B.existence存在；C.absence缺失，沒有；D.performance表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“shecouldonlyjointhemalesoccerteaminamanagementcapacity.”可知，她只能以管理人員的身份加入男子足球隊(duì)是因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)里沒有女子足球隊(duì)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，第二年，她努力在她的大學(xué)里建立了一支女子足球隊(duì)。A.establish建立；B.sponsor贊助；C.train訓(xùn)練；D.conduct行為。根據(jù)下文“awomen’ssoccerteaminheruniversity”和“Recruitingteammembers

”可知，她第二年就建立了一支女子足球隊(duì)，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)證明，招募團(tuán)隊(duì)成員具有挑戰(zhàn)性。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.interesting有趣的；D.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)下文“Wangvisitedthecampussportsgroundeachmorningtoapproachgirlsoutexercising.Shealsosoughtoutpotentialplayersfromthewomen’sbasketballandvolleyballteams.(王每天早上都會去校園運(yùn)動場，帶女孩出去鍛煉。她還從女子籃球隊(duì)和排球隊(duì)中尋找有潛力的球員。)”可知，招募團(tuán)隊(duì)成員是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一些女孩出于好奇而加入，但她們對足球的興趣有限。A.kindness善良；B.curiosity好奇心；C.pity憐憫；D.gratitude感恩。根據(jù)下文“buttheirinterestinsoccerwaslimited”可知，一寫女孩是因?yàn)楹闷娌偶尤氲?，但是對曲子的興趣并不大，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，她和教練必須在訓(xùn)練前和訓(xùn)練期間激勵她們。A.appreciate欣賞；B.criticize批評；C.motivate激勵；D.persuade勸說。根據(jù)上文“buttheirinterestinsoccerwaslimited”及下文“Toherdelight,theirattitudesgraduallybegantoshift.”可知，她在訓(xùn)練前后激勵她們，使她們的態(tài)度有了改變，故選C項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今年6月，王加入了當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€團(tuán)隊(duì)，在那里她觀察到一個有趣的現(xiàn)象：團(tuán)隊(duì)成員中沒有一個人結(jié)婚。A.comment評論；B.judgement判斷；C.reflection反思；D.observation觀察。根據(jù)下文“Noneoftheteammembersweremarried.”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員中沒有一個人結(jié)婚這是她觀察到的現(xiàn)象，故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：婚姻和母親身份往往阻礙女性追求個人發(fā)展，不僅影響她們的職業(yè)選擇，也干擾了她們個人價值的實(shí)現(xiàn)。A.disturbing干擾；B.chasing追逐；C.bringing帶來；D.improving改善。根據(jù)“notonlyaffectingtheirchoiceofcareerbutalso___9___therealizationoftheirownpersonalvalue.”可知，婚姻和母親身份不僅影響了女性的職業(yè)選擇，并且還干擾了他們的價值觀，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但事情確實(shí)發(fā)生了變化：在新學(xué)期開始之前，新生們已經(jīng)在尋找她加入女子足球隊(duì)。A.recover恢復(fù)；B.happen發(fā)生；C.change改變；D.approach方法。根據(jù)下文“beforethisnewsemesterbegins,incomingfreshmenarealreadyseekingherouttojointhewomen’ssoccerteam”可知，與以前招募不到隊(duì)員相比，新生們尋找她加入足球隊(duì)，這是一些變化，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.winners12.taking13.which##that【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了中國作家海漄憑借《時空畫師》獲得2023年世界科幻文學(xué)最高獎項(xiàng)“雨果獎”，成為繼劉慈欣、郝景芳之后第三位獲得雨果獎的中國科幻作家。【11題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：周六晚，2023年雨果獎的獲獎?wù)呓視?，中國作家海漄憑借《時空畫家》獲得最佳中篇小說獎。設(shè)空處在句中作主語，由謂語動詞“wereannounced”可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填winners?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：周六晚，2023年雨果獎的獲獎?wù)呓視?，中國作家海漄憑借《時空畫家》獲得最佳中篇小說獎。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，“withChineseauthorHaiYa____2____(take)hometheBestNoveletteawardfor“TheSpace-TimePainter””為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，with的賓語ChineseauthorHaiYa與動詞take構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填take的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填taking?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：海漄將王希孟的生平故事編織成一部將中國傳統(tǒng)文化和歷史元素與科幻和偵探類型相結(jié)合的驚悚小說。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，設(shè)空處指代先行詞athriller在從句中作主語，指物，此定語從句用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。【答案】14.shocked15.what16.faster17.aremade【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了埃塞俄比亞的蒂格斯特·阿塞法在馬拉松比賽中打破自己上一年創(chuàng)下的世界紀(jì)錄，快了將近4分鐘，并介紹了她的秘密武器——一款新式跑鞋?！?4題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：2023年9月28日，埃塞俄比亞的蒂格斯特·阿塞法震驚了跑步界。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，由時間狀語“OnSeptember28,2023”以及下文“Herrecordwasfarbeyond____2____mostpeopleexpected.”可知此句陳述過去的事情，用一般過去時態(tài)，設(shè)空處填動詞shock過去式。故填shocked?！?5題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：她的成績遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了大多數(shù)人的預(yù)期。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作farbeyond的賓語，設(shè)空處在從句中作賓語，指代“大多數(shù)人所預(yù)計(jì)的事”，該從句用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。【16題詳解】考查比較級。句意：今年，她跑地比去年快了將近4分鐘。由空后的“thanshedidlastyear”可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)填副詞比較級faster。故填faster?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：這種鞋的設(shè)計(jì)是為了在每次跑步者落地時收集能量，并在跑步者的腳再次離開地面時提供特殊的彈力。設(shè)空處在主句中作謂語動詞，根據(jù)句意以及空后從句中“theycollectenergy”可知此主句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Theshoes與動詞make之間是被動關(guān)系，設(shè)空處填動詞一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，Theshoes作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填aremade?！敬鸢浮?8.participated19.recycled20.toenable【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了在新西蘭南端的一所小學(xué)里，五歲大的孩子們參加了捉老鼠游戲?！?8題詳解】考查一般過去時。句意：在新西蘭最南端的一所小學(xué)校里，年僅五歲的孩子們參加最近參加了一場捉老鼠比賽。根據(jù)句意及recently可知，本句話是一般過去時態(tài)，空處應(yīng)為一般過去時，故填participated?！?9題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：每個孩子都有自己的陷阱，由回收的廣告牌制成。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“回收的廣告牌”，recycle與billboard之間是被動關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)為過去分詞作定語，故填recycled?！?0題詳解】考查不定式。句意：他們的最終目標(biāo)是使鳥類物種能夠恢復(fù)。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)為不定式作表語，表示目的，故填toenable。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)【答案】21.C22.D23.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個夏季科學(xué)項(xiàng)目的情況，包括申請要求和截止日期等信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Workinginteamsofthree,36participantsand7teachersformasupportive“l(fā)ivingandlearningcommunity”over39days.Eachteamcompletesarealresearchproject,takingandanalyzingoriginaldata.Afterward,theyjoinaworldwidenetworkof2,500+alumniofallages.(在39天的時間里，36名參與者和7名教師組成了一個支持性的“生活和學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)”。每個小組完成一個真實(shí)的研究項(xiàng)目，收集和分析原始數(shù)據(jù)。之后，他們加入了一個由2500多名各年齡段的校友組成的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò))”以及“In2024wewilloperatesixprograms(到2024年，我們將運(yùn)行六個項(xiàng)目)”可知，在為期39天的項(xiàng)目中，參與者將收集和研究數(shù)據(jù)以開展一個項(xiàng)目。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IsSSPforyou?部分中“SSPisopentocurrenthighschooljuniors(andafewtrulyexceptionalsophomores)whohavecompletedthepre-requisitesbysummer,andwillbeatleast15yearsold,butnotyet19,duringtheprogram.(SSP面向當(dāng)前高中三年級學(xué)生（以及一些真正特殊的二年級學(xué)生）開放，他們在夏季之前完成了先決條件，并且在項(xiàng)目期間至少15歲，但還不到19歲)”可知，對申請人的要求是完成先決條件。故選D。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中“Friday,February2,2024Deadlineforinternationalapplicants-allnon-U.S.citizensandU.S.citizensattendingschooloutsidetheU.S.(2024年2月2日星期五國際申請者截止日期。美國公民和在美國境外上學(xué)的美國公民)”可知，海外學(xué)生最好在二月前提交申請。故選A?！敬鸢浮?4.C25.D26.A27.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。通過描述社會學(xué)教師PaulDurietz的教育生涯、他的教學(xué)方法以及對教育的熱情來展示他的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“OnSeptember1,hesetaGuinnessWorldRecordfortheworld’slongestteachingcareer.Hehasbeenteachingfor53years-sincehewas23yearsold.(9月1日，他創(chuàng)造了世界上最長的教學(xué)生涯的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。他從23歲開始教書53年。)”可知，Mr.Durietz因最長的教學(xué)年限獲得了吉尼斯獎，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Tohisextremepride,hehasevenhadstudentscomebackandtellhimthattheybecamehistoryteachersbecauseofhim.(令他極度自豪的是，他甚至有學(xué)生回來告訴他，他們因?yàn)樗蔀闅v史老師。)”可知，Mr.Durietz最自豪的是學(xué)生以他為榜樣成為老師。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Forhim,teachingisneverboringbecauseeverydayisdifferent.Helovessharinghisknowledgeofhistorywithstudents.(對他來說，教學(xué)從不無聊，因?yàn)槊恳惶於疾灰粯印Ｋ矚g與學(xué)生分享他的歷史知識。)”可知，Mr.Durietz是一個有充滿熱情的人，故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第八段中“Mr.Durietzwasn’treallytryingtosetarecord.Hewasjustdoingwhatheloved.(杜里茨并不是真的想創(chuàng)造紀(jì)錄。他只是在做他喜歡的事情。)”以及““Keepworkingonwhatyoulovetodoinlife,”healwayssays.(“繼續(xù)努力做你喜歡做的事情，”他總是說。)”可知，當(dāng)工作是一種樂趣時，生活就是快樂的，故選D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?8.B29.D30.C31.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了藝術(shù)在國家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的重要作用?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Ho