The Scarlet Letter紅字分析鑒賞

徐千20115210652011521046周舒珊201152106120115210572021/6/271contentsThebriefintroductionofNathanielHawthorneandTheScarletLetterTheScarletLetterandPuritanism

BiblicalPrototypesinTheScarletLetterConclusion2021/6/272r.Heidegger’sExperiments(1804—1864)2021/6/2734BornJuly4,1804enteredBowdoinCollege

in1821firstworkFanshawe,in1828marryingSophiaPeabodyin1842ScarletLetterin1850DiedMay19,1864Biography:2021/6/2745AfamilywithalongPuritantradition

Hisfather,ashipcaptain,diedofyellowfeveratseawhenNathanielwasonlyfour.Hismotherbecameoverlyprotectiveandpushedhimtowardrelativelyisolatedpursuits.

Hawthorne'schildhoodlefthimshyandbookish,whichmoldedhislifeasawriter.FamilyBackground:2021/6/2756AmericannovelistShortstorywriterAcentralfigureintheAmericanRenaissanceGreatestRomancewriterPioneeringpsychologicalnovelistMoralnovelistIdentity:2021/6/2767Style–typicalromanticwriteramanofliterarycraftsmanship，extraordinaryintheuseofsymboltheuseofambiguityrevelationofcharacters’psychologytheuseofsupernaturalThesymbolservesasaweapontoattackreality.Itcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswritingtokeepthereaderintheworldofuncertainty–multiplepointofview2021/6/277

MajorWorks:ofmoralchoices.1.TheScarletLetter《紅字》2.TheHouseoftheSevenGables《七個(gè)尖角閣的房子》3.TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷傳奇》4.TheMarbleFaun《玉石雕像》5.Twice-ToldTales《故事重述》

6.SnowImageandOtherStories《雪人及其他故事重述》2021/6/278Hawthorne’sinfluenceHewasamajorAmericanwriterandthegreatestwriterlivinginthe19thcentury.Hewasregardedasapioneerofpsychologicalnovelistandamasterofsymbolism.WiththepublicationofTheScarletLetter,hesecuredhispositionintheliteraryhistoryforever,andheinfluencedmanywritersinhistimeandlatergenerations,suchasHermanMelville,HenryJames,WilliamDeanHowellsandWilliamFaulkneretc..2021/6/279Criticism“NathanielHawthorne’sreputationasawriterisverypleasingfact,becausehiswritingisnotgoodforanything,andthisisatributetotheman.”---RalphWaldoEmerson“ThefinethinginHawthorneisthathecaredforthedeeperpsychology,andthat,inhisway,hetriedtobecomefamiliarwithit.”---HenryJames2021/6/2710Puritanism

influenced

Hawthorne

greatly.

The

spirit

of

Puritanismcouldbeseeninnearlyallhisworks,such

as

"evil",Calvinsystem,and

"spiritualization"

and

so

onplayed

an

important

role

in

almost

all

his

works.2021/6/2711Hawthorne'spointsofview

andsubject(1)a.Heseemedtobehauntedbyhissenseofsinandevilallhislife.Hehada"black"visionoflifeandhumanbeings.Inalmosteverybookhewrote,hediscussedsinandevil.Evilexistsinthehumanheart(“Earth’sHolocaust浩劫”)Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret(“YoungGoodmanBrown”)Everyoneseemstocoveruphisinnermostevil(“TheMinister’sBlackVeil”)Evilseemstobeman’sbirthmark胎記.(TheBirthmark)2021/6/2712b.ToHawthornesinwillgetpunished.TheHouseoftheSevenGablesisanappallingfictionalversionofHawthorne’sbeliefthatthe“wrong-doingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveones.”(一代的惡行會(huì)延續(xù)至后代）c.OnesourceofevilthatHawthornewasconcernedmostisoverreachingintellect.Hisintellectualcharactersareusuallyvillains罪犯,dreadfulbecausedevoid缺乏offellowfeeling.2021/6/2713Hawthorne'spointsofview

andsubject(2)d.Hecomplainedabout“thepovertyofmaterials”inAmerica.Hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.e.Becauseof“thepovertyofmaterials”andhisPuritanprudence節(jié)儉,hewasconvincedthatromancewasthepredestined注定的formofAmericanNarratives.ManyofhisworksareinspiredbyPuritanNewEngland.

2021/6/2714TheScarletLetterItisafull-lengthnovel.Thethemeofthenovelisthecolonialtimestwohundredyearsago.ItexposesthecrueltyofSocialstatute,thedeception欺詐ofreligiousandthehypocrisyofmoralin19thcentury.2021/6/2715Maincharactersa.HesterPrynne

海絲特·白蘭b.ArthurDimmesdale

阿瑟·丁梅斯代爾c.RogerChillingworth

羅杰·奇靈沃斯d.Pearl

珠兒2021/6/27162021/6/27172021/6/27182021/6/27192021/6/27202021/6/27212021/6/27222021/6/2723TheScarletLetterandPuritanism2021/6/2724ThePuritanswereagroupofEnglishProtestantsinthe16thand17thcenturies,including,butnotlimitedto,EnglishCalvinists.PuritanisminthissensewasfoundedbyJohnCalvinfromtheclergyshortlyaftertheaccessionofElizabethIofEnglandin1558,asanactivistmovementwithintheChurchofEngland.2021/6/2725ChristianityCatholicsProtestantsCalvinistsMethodistsAnglicansBaptistsPuritans2021/6/2726HawthomewasborninadecliningnoblefamilyinSalem,Massachusetts,NewEngland.Salem,hishometown,haseverbeentheplacewherePuritanismforceswererampantandseveralgenerationsofhisancestorswerefanaticPuritans;therefore,thePuritanismthoughthasadeep-rootedeffectonHawthome.2021/6/2727ThenovelTheScarletLetterbyHawthomereflectstheCalvinisticthoughtof"OriginalSin".ItalsoexpressesHawthome'sdevoutanddoubtfulattitudetoethicsandmoralityofPuritanism.2021/6/2728

HesterPrynnewasawomanwhocommittedadultery,whichisrepresentationoftheevilofhumannature,andcannotbeacceptedbythesocietyatthattimeandPuritans.HesterbetrayedherhusbandandwentagainsttheprincipleofhonestyonPuritan,soshemustaccepttheseverepunishmentinthePuritansocietyatthattime.2021/6/27292021/6/2730Hawthornedeeplygavetheheroineinfinitesympathybecauseshecouldn'tenjoyreallove,happinessandnormallifewhilehedescribedtheatonementofHester,whichrepresentsHawthome'sresentmenttothefactthatPuritanismconstrainsthehumannature.2021/6/2731

“Wehavewrongedeachother,minewasthefirstwrong,whenIbetrayedthybuddingyouthintoafalseandunnaturalrelationwithmydecay.”“我們彼此都讓對(duì)方受了委屈,是我先委屈了你，我把你含苞的青春同我這朽木錯(cuò)誤地、不自然地嫁接在一起，從而斷送了你?！?021/6/2732Dimmesdalewasselfishandfalse,andlivedinthecontradictoryandmiserystateaccompanyingbythecriminalpsychology.Hewasstragglingontheedgeofthespiritandthefleshcomingbreakdown,andhewasbeatandlashedbythesocalledarticlesofreligion“thegorywhip"ateverymoment,whichcausedhimnottogetpeaceevenforamoment.2021/6/2733Itmustbeconsideredthathecontinuedtobeengagedinthepuremissionofapriestwiththecriminalbodyshouldbeagreataffront（冒犯）toGodandadeceptiontothefollowers.Eventually,Dimmesdaletoldthesecretinmindwithdivinecourage,henceforth,heobtainspeacefulandthenewbornofspirit.Attheendofthenovel,hediedtragicallyinconfessionandatonementandbecameavictiminreligiousmonasticism(修道院生活方式).2021/6/2734Chillingworth,asavictimwasturnedintoamischief-maker,evenamoreseveresinner.Heiscalmonthesurface,butiswickedinmind,andwhenheknewhiswife’sunchastity（不貞）,hewasfilledwithrevengefulideasinhismind.2021/6/2735Hedependedonwisdomtobecomeademonbyhimselfforsevenyears;hestayedinthesameroomwithDimmesdalecunninglytoravageandwreckthepainedheart,andhetookthisasthegoaloftheliving,andthenhetormentedDimmesdalebymeansofwickedandmasterlymeasurestogobbleuphissoulandhadreachedtheextremelyruthlessdegree.2021/6/2736

"MayGodforgiveusboth!Wearenot,Hester,theworstsinnersintheworld.Thereisoneworsethaneventhepollutedpriest!Thatoldman’srevengehasbeenblackerthanmysin.Hehasviolated,incoldblood,thesanctityofahumanheart.ThouandI,Hester,neverdidso!"”愿上帝饒恕我們倆吧！海絲特，我們并不是世上最壞的罪人。還有一個(gè)人，甚至比受到玷污的教士還要壞！那老人的復(fù)仇比我的罪過(guò)更見(jiàn)不得人。他陰險(xiǎn)地凌辱一顆神圣不可侵犯的心靈。你和我，海絲特，從來(lái)沒(méi)干過(guò)這種事！”2021/6/2737ForPearl，likewise,thischaracterhintsHawthome'sskepticfeelingtoPuritanism.Firstly，onthecostumes（服裝）,shedisobeyedtherequirementsinPuritanism’shomespunwearing,andwornthebrightandglittering“Bizarre(奇異的)dress”byHester.Secondly,forherself-willedandherinclinationsinnature,sheissecurefromanyrestraintfromthereligiousrituals,whichmadehermothertoconsiderthatsheshouldbeagirlfromtheotherworld.2021/6/2738Sheshouldbeaflower,asunlight,andisbrightandwithdazzlingbrightnessinthegloomyanddarksocietyruledbyPuritanism.PearlherselfshouldbealivingwitnessofHester’sguiltandalivingscarletletter.ButthefreshandfreelifeofPearldescribedbyHawthomebecameakindofsymboltocurrentPuritanismsociety.Attheendofthenovel,PearlleftEnglandtoEurope,whichannouncedanaffirmationfromtheauthorthatPearlwouldbeunabletoobtainhappinessinthestrictandseverePuritanismsociety.2021/6/2739ThepainstakingdescriptionofthemaincharactersintheworkalsoreflectsHawthorne’sinnercharacter,andisthereflectionofhispersonalviewsinethicsandmoral.Hawthomeshowsdoubttoreligion’skindnessandisunwillingtogiveupbondageofcreed.2021/6/2740BiblicalPrototypesinTheScarletLetterManyscholarshavepointedoutthatAdamandEveweretheheroandheroine,DimmesdaleandHester'sbiblicalprototypes.Humanancestorsdegeneratebecauseofalongingforknowledge,whileDimmesdaleandHesterfallbecauseofthepursuitoflove.Theyallcommitoriginalsins.2021/6/2741TheBiblebeginswiththefirstbookofGenesis.BeforeEve’screated,everythinggoeseasyintheGardenofEden.Aftersheshowsup,theobedientAdamhasstartedtostirandtheembodimentofdevil,thesnake,appears.Onthisoccasion,EveisinconsistentwiththeGardenofEden.ButwhydidGodcreateher?2021/6/2742Atthattime,AdamwasjusttheaccessoryofGodortheobjectofthenatureworld,hecouldbarelyknowhimself,becausetherewasnothingbutdeitiesandobjects.Therewasnohumanbeingwhocouldbehismirror.SoEvewassenttotheGardenofEden.2021/6/2743Eveultimatelyfailedtoresistthetemptationfromthesnakeandatetheforbiddenfruit,andshepersuadedAdamtodoso.Adamdid,andthenhefoundoutthathewasnotanobjectinnatureandhehadtheabilitytotellrightfromwrong.2021/6/2744ThisindicatesthatthestatethattheblendingofhumanandnatureintheGardenofEdencametoanend.IftherewasnobetrayalofEve,peoplemayneverhaveself-awareness.Eve’sdegenerategaveAdamthepowertotellrightfromwrongandmadehimarealhumanbeing.SoEveisthemotherofdegradedintelligenthuman,isthesourceoflife.2021/6/2745HesterwalkedintoDimmesdale’slifewiththesamesacredmission.LikeEveessentiallydoesn’tbelongtotheGardenofEden,Hesteressentiallydoesn’tbelongtoBostonwherereligiousinfluenceissignificanttopeople.She’spassionate,boldandrebellious.Herarrivalbrakesthepeaceofthelandandpredictsthecomingofsin.BeforeDimmesdalemetHester,hislifewaspeaceful.Everydayherepeatedpreaching.Hehadnolifegoals.Hecouldn’tknowtherealhappinessoflife.Hewasjustatoolfortheupperclassofthereligiontotakecontrolofthelowerclass.Sowecanseethat,Dimmesdaleseemslikeheonlyhasahumanbodybutdoesn’thaveaheart.He’sjustlikeAdambeforeeatingtheforbiddenfruit.2021/6/2746WiththearrivalofHester,Dimmesdale’shumanitybeginstogerminate.Hefinallyexperiencesthehappinessfromlove.Hefinallyunderstandsthemeaningoflife.HesteristheonewhogivesDimmesdalevitalityandhelpshimtobeamanwhocanbeabletofeel.Inthiscase,HesteristheincarnationofEve,thesourceoflife.Herearesomesentencesthatproveit.Atchapter18,AFloodofSunshine,HesterpersuadesDimmesdaletofleefromBostonwithherandlittlePearl.Aftersomethinking,heagrees.Andhesays,2021/6/2747“OHester,thouartmybetterangel!Iseemtohaveflungmyself-sick,sin-strained,andsorrow-blackened-downupontheseforest-leaves,andtohaverisenupallmadeanew,andwithnewpowerstoglorifyHimthathathbeenmerciful!Thisisalreadythebetterlife!Whydidwenotfinditsooner?”“啊！赫斯特你真是我的好天使！我原來(lái)似乎已把自己的身子---那多病、罪孽玷污以及由于悲傷而受到損害的身子---拋在這林中的落葉上了，可再站起來(lái)時(shí)卻煥然一新了，有了新的力量去贊美慈悲的上帝！這已經(jīng)是更美好的生活了！為什么我們沒(méi)有早發(fā)現(xiàn)呢？”2021/6/2748Atchapter23TheRevelationoftheScarletLetter,whenhestandsupontheplatformofthepillory,hetellspeopleheistheonewhocommitsadulterywithHester.“Atlast!Atlast!Istanduponthespotwhere,sevenyearssince,Ishouldhavestood;here,withthiswoman,whosearm,morethanthelittlestrengthwherewithIhavecrepthitherward,sustainsme,atthisdreadfulmoment,fromgrovelingdownuponmyface!”“我終于---終于站到七年前便應(yīng)該站的地方來(lái)了。跟這個(gè)女人站在這里了，現(xiàn)在正是她以那比我爬到這里來(lái)的綿薄力量大一些的力量，在這可怕的時(shí)刻支撐著我，使我不至于撲面摔倒在地?！?021/6/2749Aftereatingtheforbiddenfruit,GodasksEvewhatshehasdone,Eveanswered,“Theserpentbeguiledme,andIdideat.”LikeEve,HesteradmitswhatshehasdonedirectlyandshewouldnevertellpeoplethenameofPearl’sfather.She’swillingtoprotectDimmesdalefrombeinghurt.Wecanseeherunyieldingattitudetowardslifethroughthiscase.2021/6/2750AsforAdam,whenGodaskshimwhetherhehaseatenofthetree,hesays,“thewomanwhothougavesttobewithme,shegavemeofthetree,andIdideat.”ItseemslikeAdamdoesn’tdirectlyadmitthemistakehemade.He’skindofblamingEveforgivinghimtheapple.Dimmesdale’sjustlikeAdam,he’stoocowardlytoadmithissin.2021/6/2751BecauseAdamandEveeattheappleofthetreeofknowledge,Godpunishesthem.“Untothewomanhesaid,Iwillgreatlymultiplythysorrowandthyconception;insorrowthoushaltbringforthchildren;andthydesireshallbetothyhusband,andheshallruleoverthee.2021/6/2752AndontoAdamhesaid,Becausethouhasthearkeneduntothevoiceofthywife,andhasteatenofthetreeofwhichIcommandedthee,saying,thoushaltnoteatofit:cursedisthegroundforthysake;insorrowshaltthoueatofitallthedaysofthylife;thornsalsoandthistlesshallitbringforthtothee;andthoushalteattheherbofthefield…”2021/6/2753LikeAdamandEve,DimmesdaleandHesteralsogetpunished.Inbothcases,sinresultsinexpulsionandsuffering.

2021/6/2754Hesteriscompelledtostandonlyaspaceofthreehoursontheplatformofthepilloryandthereaftertowearthemarkofshame-theinfamousletterAuponherbosom,tomovetotheedgeofthecommunity,andworstofall,tobealienatedfromthesociety.ShewasexpelledtotheoutskirtsofBoston.Inthissense,HesterhasbeenexpelledfromherparadiselikeEvewhoisdrivenoutoftheParadiseGodprovides.Shesins,andaccordingtotraditionalPuritanism,thisactshutsheroffforeverfromParadise.2021/6/2755UnlikeHesterwhoisdamnedbysociety,Dimmesdaleisdamnedbyhimself.HeistoocowardlytostandwithHesterandtheirdaughter,openlyadmitshissin,andacceptsthepunishment.Therefore,forthemostpart,hesuffersfromaspiritualostracismbecauseheremainsfullyapartofthesociety,continuingtopreachsermonsandmaintaininghiscongregants'respect.Themorepeopleshowtheirrespect,themorehe’ssuffering.Furthermore,asagreatservantofGod,heisobligatorytotellthetruth,buthedoesn’t.Inaddition,he’sbeentorturedbytheevil-mindedrevengerChillingworth.2021/6/2756OnceHesteraskshim,“Thepeoplereverencethee,andsurelythouwokestgoodamongthem!Doththisbringtheenocomfort?”“人們尊敬你是你為他們做了好事！這一點(diǎn)不能給你安慰嗎？”2021/6/2757“Moremisery,Hester!--Onlythemoremisery!AsconcernsthegoodwhichImayappeartodo,Ihavenofaithinit.Itmustneedstobeadelusion.Whatcanaruinedsoul,likemine,effecttowardstheredemptionofothersouls?--orapollutedsoul,towardstheirpurification?Andasforthepeople’sreverence,wouldthatitwereturnedtoscornanhatred!”“赫斯特，這使我更痛苦---只有更痛苦！至于說(shuō)我似乎做了善事，我是不相信的，那肯定是欺騙。像我這樣一個(gè)靈魂毀滅了的人還能在拯救別人的靈魂上起什么作用嗎？或者說(shuō)，一個(gè)污染了的靈魂還能使別人的靈魂精華嗎？至于人們對(duì)我的尊敬，我但愿它變?yōu)檩p蔑和憎恨！2021/6/2758Canstthoudeemit,Hester,aconsolation,thatImuststandupinmypulpit,andmeetsomanyeyesturnedupwardtomyface,asifthelightofheavenwerebeamingfromit!--mustseemyflockhungryforthetruth,andlisteningtomywordsasifatongueofPentecostwerespeaking.–andthenlookinward,anddiscerntheblackrealityofwhattheyidolize?Ihavelaughed,inbitternessandagonyofheart,atthecontrastbetweenwhatIseemandwhatIam!AndSatanlaughsatit!”我必須站在我的布道壇上，接受那么多望著我臉孔的眼睛，似乎天國(guó)之光就是從那兒發(fā)出來(lái)的一樣！我還必須看著我那渴求真理的教區(qū)會(huì)眾，而他們傾聽(tīng)我的話，就像傾聽(tīng)五旬節(jié)火舌在說(shuō)話一樣---然后，我再看看自己的內(nèi)心，看看他們所崇拜的偶像的丑惡真像，赫斯特，你能認(rèn)為，這是一種安慰嗎？我在內(nèi)心痛苦和煩惱的時(shí)候，曾為我的表里不一而暗自發(fā)笑！撒旦也對(duì)此感到可笑！”2021/6/2759Theinteriorremorseandtheexteriortorturealongwiththeinabilitytoconfesshissinfulactofpassionleadtothepsychologicalandphysicaldestructionofthehypocriticalminister.2021/6/2760AccordingtoNorthropFrye,there’sabiblicalU-Shapedcirculationwhichstartsfromparadisetocrimestosufferingtorepentancetosalvation.Thebiblestoriesalwaysreachahappyendingafterthosetragicsuffering,soFryecallsBibleadivinecomedy.ThisalsohappensinTheScarletLetter.Buttheendingismixedwithhappinessandpain.2021/6/2761AlthoughHesterhassufferedalot,hersindoesn’tleadhertodegenerate.Onthecontrary,itleadshertoamoralgrowth.Sheintendstodogoodforthecolonythatoncebanishesher,moreforherclearconsciencethanforthepurposetoreturntothesociety.InsorrowandseclusionHestergrowsstronger.Hercharitytothepoor,hercomforttothebroken-hearted,herbravepresenceintimesoftroublearethedirectresultofhersearchforsalvation.2021/6/2762AsforDimmesdale,after7-yearpsychologicaltorture,hedecidestotellpeoplethetruth,andletpeopleseethescarletletterAwhichisimprintedinhisflesh.Afterdoingso,he’srelievedfromthetorture.2021/6/2763Whyistheendingpainful?Because,theyhavedecidedtofleefromBostonbyshipaftertheElectionSermon.ButwhathappenedisthatafterDimmesdaletellspeoplethetruth,hedies.AndHesterwillneverlivethelifeshehasalwayswantedto.2021/6/2764Hawthorne’scontradictoryperspectiveofreligionandpessimisticattitudetowardslifemakehimdoesn’tputahappyendingbetweenDimmesdaleandHester.Butinthebook,hehasalreadycreatesaGardenofEdenoftheirowninthatcityfulfilledwithgloomyreligiousatmosphere.2021/6/2765TheGardenofEdencreatedbyGodintheBibleistheparadiseinheaven.Itisagardenfullofwater,treesandanimals.Peoplethereliveinharmony.Thereisnoworriesandnodangersofbeingdead.InTheScarletLetter,theforestistheGardenofEden.Therearetrees,waters,animals,sunshineintheforest,anditisalsothemasterpieceofGod’s.TheforestisaPureLandfarawayfromthesuffocatingPuritandoctrinesandimperioussocialsystem.2021/6/2766Onlyintheforestcantheleadingcharactersfeelatease,daretoshowtheinbornnaturalqualitiesofhumanbeing,andnotwearanymasksthatmakethemnotthemselves.SoHesterchoosestoliveattheedgeofforestthatshecanbeherselfandrejuvenatefromthepunishment.SoDimmesdalesometimestakesawalkintheforestthathecanmaintainhissincereness.Intheforest,theytwocanfinallyreleasethefeelingwhichhasbeenrestrainedbythemselvesandtalktoeachother.2021/6/2767ArchetypeofChillingworthInthisnovel,regardedasthedarkestsinnerofallmajorcharacters,RogerChillingworthembodiesSatan,thedevil.Hisnamereflectshisevilcharacter.Thename“RogerChillingworth”conveystheimplicationsofrogue(猛獸潛行者)andchilliness.Evil,initsmostpoisonousform,isfoundinthecarefullyplottedandpreciselyaimedrevengeofChillingworth,whoselovehasbeenperverted.“Hehasviolated(褻瀆),incoldblood,thesanctity(圣潔)ofahumanheart.”2021/6/2768Chillingworthisacomplicatedman.Thiscuckold(有不貞妻子的男人)isboundbyawrongmarriageandwrongedbyhiswife.Yethisknowledgedoesnotleadhimtoarightandwiseroad,butrathertoaroadofcruelrevenge.Heplaystheroleofthesecretsharer,prying(窺探)intohiswife’sillicitaffairandspyinguponherloverwhoistotallyunaware.DifferentfromothersinnerslikeHesterandDimmesdalewhorepent(懺悔)andserveotherstoatone(贖罪)fortheirsin,Chillingworthdriveshimselfintothehellwhenhetriestorevenge.2021/6/2769Chillingworthiscapableoflove,andwesympathizewithandapproveofhisdesirefordomesticaffection.However,heisatfaultinmarryingagirlagenerationyoungerthanhimself.Moreover,theyoungbridedeclaresthatshedoesnotlovehimatall.LikeenviousSatan,observingtheloveofAdamandEveinthegarden,heis“stirredupwithenvyandrevenge”anddevoteshimselftorevengeandpunishment.2021/6/2770ChillingworthwithhisdeformityalsotakesafterSatan.Low,darkandugly,hesuggeststosomepeoplethenotionthathisstepmustwitherthegrasswhereverhewalks.Thesunseemsnottofallonhimbuttocreatea“circleofominousshadowmovingalongwithhisdeformity.”(一圈不詳?shù)年幱?，始終伴隨著他那畸形的身軀。)Astimepasses,hisphysicalappearancechangesfortheworse.Hisfeatureshavebecome“uglier”;hisdarkcomplexionhasbecome“duskier”;andhisfigurehasbecomeevenmore“misshapen”,butmorethanthatishisdarkheart.LittlePearlcallshimthe“oldBlackMan”.Andsheaskshermother“DidstthouevermettheBlackMan,mother?”andHesteranswers,”O(jiān)nceinmylifeImettheBlackMan!...Thisscarletletterishismark!”2021/6/2771Evenearlier,HesterhasinquiredofChillingworth,“ArtthouliketheBlackManthathauntstheforestroundaboutus?Hastthouenticed(誘使)meintoaboundthatwillprovetheruinofmysoul?”ButChillingworth,smiling,onlyevadesherquery(詢問(wèn)),“Notthysoul…No,notthine!”ItisDimmesdalewhomheissuggesting.WhenheseesDimmesdale’sbreast(withthered,unhealedwoundintheflesh),heresemblesSataningreatjoylookingatalostsoulenteringhiskingdomofhell.Thesamelookofthe”arch-fiend”(大惡魔)isrepeatedwhenhestandsinthemarket-placeinthemiddleofthenight,observingPearlwithhermotherandfather.2021/6/2772ThelightofthemeteorrevealsChillingworth’sexpression-firstwithasmile,thenwithascowl(皺眉怒視).Hesteralsonotesthatinseveryearshehaslosthis“studious”appearanceandhastakenon“aneager,searching,almostfierce,yetcarefullyguardedlook.”Hecoversthisexpression“withasmile.”Sometimesa“glareofredlight”gleamsoutofhiseyes.Hehaschangedhimself“intoadevil”by”devotinghimselftotheconstantanalysisofaheartfulloftorture.”Hehasenjoyedthisanalysis,gloating(貪婪注視幸災(zāi)樂(lè)禍)allthewhile.TellingHesterhowhefeelsaboutDimmesdale,hedescribeshimselfasa“fiend.”(魔鬼)2021/6/2773AfterDimme