【MOOC】環(huán)境分析化學-成都理工大學 中國大學慕課MOOC答案

【MOOC】環(huán)境分析化學-成都理工大學中國大學慕課MOOC答案Chapter1單元作業(yè)Chapter1單元測驗1、【單選題】以下說法錯誤的是：現代環(huán)境分析化學就是研究如何運用現代科學理論和先進實驗技術來鑒別和測定環(huán)境中化學物質的本題答案：【不包括其種類】2、【單選題】本課程采用教學。本題答案：【雙語】3、【單選題】Thepracticalofoperationswhichisusedtoobtainananalyticalresultfromasample,isknownastheanalyticalmethod.本題答案：【sequence】4、【單選題】一項環(huán)境全分析過程，通常由個階段構成。本題答案：【7-8】5、【單選題】環(huán)境研究中，分析方法的選擇，錯誤的說法是。本題答案：【不需考慮樣品的個數】6、【多選題】進入21世紀，已成為當今世界的三大社會問題。本題答案：【人口#資源#環(huán)境】7、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學研究對象范圍廣。涉及大氣、溪流、湖泊、江河、海洋、土壤陸地系統乃至生物圈。本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學研究內容復雜。要求對進入環(huán)境的數萬種化學品進行價態(tài)、形態(tài)分析，結構分析，系統分析，同類物、異構體分析，微區(qū)、薄層、表面分析，甚至到三維空間掃描分析和時間分辨數據。本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】環(huán)境屬于多層次、多介質、多元動態(tài)系統，環(huán)境分析化學要求分析研究對象的遷移變化規(guī)律等。本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學研究組分的含量低。尤其是存在于環(huán)境、野生動植物和人體組織中的持久性有機污染物（POPs）和環(huán)境激素等，須用超高靈敏度的分析設備和良好的凈化技術以及特異性的分離手段。本題答案：【正確】11、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學中，分析測試技術涉及的專業(yè)面越來越廣，綜合性越來越強。本題答案：【正確】12、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學與環(huán)境化學和環(huán)境監(jiān)測相比，具有顯著的學科前沿性與超前性。本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】擬定分析方案、選擇分析方法時，需要考慮的因素不包括完成測定的時間。本題答案：【錯誤】14、【判斷題】現代環(huán)境分析化學幾乎動用了所有的現代分析化學的最新測試技術和手段，已發(fā)展成為內容浩繁、將化學和環(huán)境科學的基礎理論和實驗技術深度融合的交叉性學科。本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】Sampleconsistsoftwoparts,thematrixwhichisthesubstancetobedetermined,andtherestofthesamplewhichcomprisestheanalyte.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Wheretheaimistoidentifyordetectthepresenceofaspeciesqualitativeanalysisiscarriedout.Incircumstanceswheretheamountofasubstancepresentismeasured,quantitativeanalysisisused.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】重量法、容量法、光譜法和質譜法都是分析方法，不是分析技術。本題答案：【錯誤】18、【判斷題】在確定環(huán)境分析目標時，分析化學家最好與環(huán)境科學家有一個充分的協商。本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】Samplingcanbedividedintofollowingtypes:Hypothesisguidedsampling，randomsampling，systematicsamplingandstratifiedsampling本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】Standardmaterialsusedshouldhaveacomposition,whichiscloselysimilartothesample,bothitsanalyteconcentrationandmatrix.本題答案：【正確】Chapter2單元作業(yè)Chapter2單元測驗1、【單選題】Foranymeasurementthereisanultimatelycorrectvaluewhichisknownasthe.本題答案：【trueresult】2、【單選題】issimplythedifferencebetweenanexperimentalresultandthetrueresult.本題答案：【error】3、【單選題】Theclosenessofanexperimentalresulttothetrueresultisknownasits.本題答案：【accuracy】4、【單選題】Theclosenessofanexperimentalresulttoanotherexperimentalresultisknownasits.本題答案：【precision】5、【單選題】referstovariationswherereplicatemeasurementsaremadeundercloselycontrolledcircumstancesinoneplaceandinashorttimescale.本題答案：【repeatability】6、【單選題】applieswhentimeandplaceandothercircumstancesmaydiffersubstantially,butwiththemethodremainingostensiblythesame.本題答案：【reproducibility】7、【單選題】Thenumericaldifferencebetweenthehighestandlowestvaluesinadatasetisknownasits.本題答案：【rangeorspread】8、【單選題】Thearithmeticaverageofasetofdataisknownasits.本題答案：【mean】9、【單選題】Ifdataareunsymmetricallydistributedtheymaybebestrepresentedbythemostfrequentlyoccurringvalue,i.e.theonecorrespondingtothepeakofthedistributioncurve.Thisisknownasthe.本題答案：【mode】10、【單選題】Inasetofdataof2.9,5.7,3.8,4.2,7.7,5.2,9.4,themedianis.本題答案：【5.2】11、【單選題】Theprecisionisusuallyexpressedbythe.本題答案：【relativestandarddeviation】12、【單選題】Indeterminateerrorcanbetracedtosourcessuchas:本題答案：【smallvariationsintemperature】13、【單選題】用AAS法測定某樣品中鋅的含量，得到如下結果：4.22,3.95，4.12，4.19，4.05(?g/g)，經計算，其Q值為.本題答案：【0.37】14、【判斷題】Thetrueresultisneverknown.本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】Forestimatingthesignificanceofanerror,theabsoluteerrorismoreusefulthantherelativeerror.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Theabsoluteerrorisquotedinthesameunitsasthemeasurement.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】Adegreeoffreedomisanindependentvariable.本題答案：【正確】18、【判斷題】variancesareadditiveandtheoverallvarianceforaprocessmaybeestimatedbysummingtheindividualvariancesforitsconstituentparts.本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】兩個實驗室采用同一方法對同一樣品中的某元素進行了分析，測得結果如下：第一組6.16.95.96.26.76.0第二組6.36.25.75.55.4如果該樣品的推薦值為5.5(mg/g)經計算比較（90%的置信水平），兩組數據的精密度有顯著性差異。本題答案：【錯誤】20、【判斷題】上題中，經計算比較（90%的置信水平），兩組數據的平均值有顯著性差異。本題答案：【正確】Chapter3單元作業(yè)Chapter3單元測驗1、【單選題】根據樣品的性質來劃分，形態(tài)可以劃分為金屬元素形態(tài)、土壤和沉積物中金屬元素形態(tài)和大氣顆粒物形態(tài)。本題答案：【水體中】2、【單選題】表征與測定元素（或污染物）在環(huán)境中存在的各種物理和化學形態(tài)的稱為形態(tài)分析。本題答案：【過程】3、【單選題】森林土壤中，更易被降水淋溶而遷移。本題答案：【Pb4+比Pb2+】4、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取碳酸鹽結合態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【1mol/LNaAc–HAc，pH5.0】5、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取鐵錳氧化物結合態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【0.04mol/LNH2OH·HCl+4.4mol/LHAc，96℃】6、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取可交換態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【1mol/LMgCl2或NH4Ac，pH7.0】7、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取有機結合態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【0.02mol/LHNO3+H2O2pH2.0,85℃,3.2mol/LNH4Ac+3mol/LHNO3】8、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取殘渣態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【HF+HClO4】9、【單選題】是準確形態(tài)分析的主要手段。本題答案：【聯用技術】10、【多選題】金屬與土壤和沉積物組分的結合形態(tài)，是根據特定的提取劑和提取步驟來定義的。目前，有代表性的分類方法主要有：本題答案：【Tessier法#Cambrell法#Shuman法#BCR法】11、【多選題】形態(tài)分析采樣時需要考慮的主要問題有：本題答案：【樣品的種類#樣品的大致濃度范圍#基體的種類及均勻程度#所用分析方法的特殊性】12、【判斷題】Speciationmaybedefinedasthedifferentphysico-chemicalformsofanelementwhichtogethercompriseitstotalconcentrationinagivensample.本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】根據形態(tài)的物理化學性質來劃分，形態(tài)包括物理和化學形態(tài)。物理形態(tài)包括粒度、溶解度、密度、膠體等；化學形態(tài)包括價態(tài)、化合態(tài)、結合態(tài)和結構態(tài)。本題答案：【正確】14、【判斷題】化學形態(tài)分析包括篩選形態(tài)分析、分組形態(tài)分析、分配形態(tài)分析和個體形態(tài)分析等本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】化學形態(tài)分析分為準確定量形態(tài)分析和按操作定義的形態(tài)分析。本題答案：【正確】16、【判斷題】砷形態(tài)的毒性順序為:三氧化二砷（砒霜）砷化氫亞砷酸砷酸鹽砷酸砷。本題答案：【錯誤】17、【判斷題】順序（分步）提取法的基本原理是：模擬自然和人為的環(huán)境條件變化，按從弱到強的原則，合理使用一系列選擇性試劑，連續(xù)溶解不同結合態(tài)痕量元素的礦物相，將樣品中不同賦存狀態(tài)的元素解析出來，最后分別進行測定。本題答案：【正確】18、【判斷題】形態(tài)分析時，樣品貯存要考慮光照、微生物（生物甲基化或生物降解）、溫度、pH、貯存容器材料（吸附或污染）的對元素化學形態(tài)的影響，保持化學形態(tài)的完整性。本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】溶解態(tài)金屬的形態(tài)分析技術分為實驗法(或叫直接法)和計算機模擬法（計算法）兩大類。本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】模擬計算法是根據熱力學平衡原理，計算時考慮到處于平衡狀態(tài)下溶解態(tài)金屬的水解、聚合、絡合、膠體形成和吸附等因素對金屬形態(tài)的影響，通過計算，估算出水體中可能存在的金屬形態(tài)及其濃度。本題答案：【正確】Chapter4單元作業(yè)Chapter4單元測驗1、【單選題】1.Therearenaturallyoccurringelementsontheearth.本題答案：【90】2、【單選題】Inbiologicalsystemselementscanbebasicallygroupedinto.本題答案：【A+B+C】3、【單選題】Fromabiologicalviewpoint,traceelementsaremostconvenientlyclassifiedinto:.本題答案：【essential,non-essentialandtoxic】4、【單選題】Thetraceelementsessentialforplantsarethoseelementswhichcannotbesubstitutedbyothersintheirspecificbiochemicalrolesandthathaveadirectinfluenceontheorganismsothatitcanneithergrownorcompletesomemetabolic.本題答案：【roles】5、【單選題】Insystems,traceelementsaredefinedasbeingessentialifdepletionconsistentlyresultsinadeficiencysyndromeandrepletionspecificallyreversestheabnormalities.本題答案：【humanandanimal】6、【單選題】Thephysiologicalrolesoftheessentialtraceelementsrelatetotheirassociationwithsystems.本題答案：【enzyme】7、【單選題】Theearth’scrustisthesourceofallthenaturaltraceelementsofthevariousenvironmental,geologicalandmarinesystems.本題答案：【primordial】8、【單選題】Theearth’scrustcontainsfreetraceelements.本題答案：【veryfew】9、【單選題】Soilsareconsideredasfortraceelements,andthereforetheyplayanimportantroleintheenvironmentalcyclingofelements.本題答案：【sinks】10、【單選題】Bacteriainthetopsediment-waterinterfacecanstronglyinfluencethechemicalformandtoxicityofvarioustraceelements.本題答案：【chemicalformandtoxicity】11、【單選題】Thepurposesformostwatersamplestobefiltratedimmediatelyfollowingcollectionaretoremove.本題答案：【algae,bacteriaandparticulatematter】12、【單選題】Freezedryingisthepreferredmethodforremovingmoisturefromsampleswithouttraceelementlossesorcontamination.本題答案：【plantandanimal】13、【多選題】Themostdesirablefeaturesofsampledigestionmethodsare：.本題答案：【Theabilitytodissolvethesamplecompletely(noinsolubleresidues)#reasonablyquickandalwayssafe#nopossiblesourcesofsamplelossthroughvolatibility,adsorptionontothewallsofthevessel#eliminationofsamplecontaminationfromthereagentsusedinthedissolutionprocess】14、【多選題】Theanalyticaltechniquesformeasuringtraceelementsinenvironmentalsamplesinclude:本題答案：【AAS,AFS,ICP-OESorICP-AES#NAA,XRF,PIXE,SSMS,IDMS#electrochemical(anodicstrippingvoltammetryandpolarography)#inductivelycoupledplasma—massspectrometry(ICP-MS)】15、【判斷題】Theelementalcompositionoftheearth’scrustispredominantlyH,O,C,N,Ca,P,KandCl,whereasthehumanbodyisO,Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Na,K,andMg.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Elementaldistributionisverycomplexanddependentuponmanyphysicalandchemicalfactors,includingenergeticradiation,weathering,pH,redoxproperties,solubility,etc.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】Duetotheirlowconcentration,manyofthetraceelementsarenotimportantforthegrowth,development,andhealthoflivingorganisms.本題答案：【錯誤】18、【判斷題】Inbiologicalsystemsthemajorelementsmaintainelectrolytebalanceprocesseswhiletheminorelementsactasstructuralcomponents.本題答案：【錯誤】19、【判斷題】Thetraceelementcompositionofanimalandhumantissuesorfluidisdirectlyrelatedtothetraceelementcontentandbioavailabilityinthesoilorsediment-plant-animal-humanfoodchain.本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】Theimpactofwaterpollutiondependsuponthemagnitudeoftraceelementinput,durationofinput,physicalandchemicalformandassociatedligandsorchemicals.本題答案：【正確】Chapter5單元作業(yè)Chapter5單元測驗1、【單選題】Environmentalanalysismaybelimited1111tosurroundingenvironment,wherewemayinvestigatethepresenceofunnaturalorunwantedmaterialsin.本題答案：【Alloftheabove】2、【單選題】Techniquessuchasandinfrared(IR,紅外)spectroscopywhichhavebeentraditionallyusedasaidsinidentificationratherthanforquantitationaremostapplicable.本題答案：【Nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)】3、【單選題】Environmentorganicpollutantsinclude,alcoholsandphenols,anilinesandbenzidines(聯苯氨),chlorinatedsolvents,etc.本題答案：【Alloftheabove】4、【單選題】Methodscommonlyusedfortraceorganicanalysiscanbeassignedtooneofthreesubdivisions:samplepreparation,anddetection.本題答案：【Chromatography】5、【單選題】canbechosenforextractingchlorinatedpesticideresidues,henceseparationbygaschromatographyandquantitationusinganelectroncapturedetector.本題答案：【Hexane】6、【單選題】Ingeneral,thefirstcommonstepinmostprotocolsforsamplepreparationis.本題答案：【Maceration】7、【單選題】Oncethesolutionhasbeenreducedtoasmallvolume,ca.cm3(mL),itisbettertoremovethesamplefromheataltogether.本題答案：【5】8、【單選題】InGC,cannotbeselectedasthemoreselectivedetectorsforconventionalcapillarycolumn.本題答案：【Thermalconductivitydetector】9、【單選題】HPLCisofmostutilitywheretheorganicanalyteshave.本題答案：【Alloftheabove.】10、【單選題】GC-MSismostprobablythemostpowerfultoolavailablefortheanalysisoftraceorganicmaterialsbecauseofitsinherenthighandgoodsensitivity.本題答案：【Selectivity】11、【單選題】TheanalysisofPAHsinair-borneparticularmatterisoftenconductedusingHPLCcombinedwithdetection.本題答案：【Fluorescence】12、【判斷題】Itissimplyamatterofdegreeorconcentrationthatseparatesthenoxiousfromtheinnocuous.本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】Ageneralguidelineisthatifamaterialhasadamagingeffectatmedianorlowconcentrations.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheirchemicalactivity,andthebiologicalsystemunderinvestigation.本題答案：【錯誤】14、【判斷題】Thephase‘likedissolveslike’bestdescribestheapproachtosuccessfulanalyteseparation.本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】Themorepolarorganochlorineandorganophosphorusresidueshadaloweraffinityforacetonitrilethanhexaneresultinginhigherrecoveries.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Inliquid-liquidpartition,theinterfaceisaphysicalbarrierwhichbarstheexchangeofsolventmolecules,butpermitsthemigrationofsolute(theanalyte)inbothdirections.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】Inconcentrationstepwhensamplepreparation,someonecanreducethevolumeofsolventasquicklyaspossiblebytheapplicationoftoomuchheat.本題答案：【錯誤】18、【判斷題】Theaimofascreeninginmultiresidueanalysisistodeterminewhichenvironmentalsamplesubmittedmaybecontaminatedornot.本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】InMS,thefragmentationpatterncanbeusedasafingerprinttopositivelyidentifytheanalytepresent.本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】AminesaredifficulttoworkwithbyLCbecausethechromatogramsdisplaytailingpeakscausedbytheadsorptionofthesampleontothesupportorinternalcolumnsurface.本題答案：【錯誤】Chapter6單元作業(yè)Chapter6單元測驗1、【單選題】Thetermecotoxicologyisusedtodefinethebranchoftoxicologyconcernedwiththestudyoftheeffectsofnaturalandman-made(anthropogenic)substancesonthebiotic(living)andabiotic(non-living)componentsofthebiosphere本題答案：【toxic】2、【單選題】Atoxicantisanagentthathasaharmfuleffectonabiologicalsystematlevels,fromthesubcellular,throughwholeorganismstocommunitiesandentireecosystems.本題答案：【all】3、【單選題】Themostimportantfactorsinfluencingthetoxicityofasubstanceareitspropertiesasthesedetermineitsbiologicalactivityatthecellularlevel,whichinturndictatesitsimpactathigherstructurallevelsinabiologicalsystem.本題答案：【physicochemical】4、【單選題】Whereaneffectoccursattheprimarysiteofcontactbetweenanorganismandatoxicant,itistermedaeffect.本題答案：【local】5、【單選題】Thegraphdescribingtheofabiologicalsystemtoatoxicantoverarangeofconcentrationsisknownasthedose-responsecurve.本題答案：【response】6、【單選題】Fromthedose/concentration-responsecurveofatoxicant,itcanbeseenthat本題答案：【A+B+C】7、【單選題】LC50representstheatwhich50%ofthetestpopulationiskilled.本題答案：【concentration】8、【單選題】LD50representstheLethalofasubstancethatcausesthedeathof50%oftestorganisms本題答案：【dose】9、【單選題】EC50referstotheconcentrationofasubstancethatproducesachangeinsublethalbehaviororphysiologicalresponsein50%oftestorganisms.本題答案：【effective】10、【單選題】TC50representstheconcentrationatwhichasubstanceproducesaresponsein50%oftestorganisms.本題答案：【toxic】11、【多選題】Ecotoxicologicaleffectscanbebroadlycl