【MOOC】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)-成都理工大學(xué) 中國大學(xué)慕課MOOC答案

【MOOC】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)-成都理工大學(xué)中國大學(xué)慕課MOOC答案Chapter1單元作業(yè)Chapter1單元測驗(yàn)1、【單選題】以下說法錯誤的是：現(xiàn)代環(huán)境分析化學(xué)就是研究如何運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)理論和先進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)來鑒別和測定環(huán)境中化學(xué)物質(zhì)的本題答案：【不包括其種類】2、【單選題】本課程采用教學(xué)。本題答案：【雙語】3、【單選題】Thepracticalofoperationswhichisusedtoobtainananalyticalresultfromasample,isknownastheanalyticalmethod.本題答案：【sequence】4、【單選題】一項(xiàng)環(huán)境全分析過程，通常由個階段構(gòu)成。本題答案：【7-8】5、【單選題】環(huán)境研究中，分析方法的選擇，錯誤的說法是。本題答案：【不需考慮樣品的個數(shù)】6、【多選題】進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，已成為當(dāng)今世界的三大社會問題。本題答案：【人口#資源#環(huán)境】7、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)研究對象范圍廣。涉及大氣、溪流、湖泊、江河、海洋、土壤陸地系統(tǒng)乃至生物圈。本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)研究內(nèi)容復(fù)雜。要求對進(jìn)入環(huán)境的數(shù)萬種化學(xué)品進(jìn)行價態(tài)、形態(tài)分析，結(jié)構(gòu)分析，系統(tǒng)分析，同類物、異構(gòu)體分析，微區(qū)、薄層、表面分析，甚至到三維空間掃描分析和時間分辨數(shù)據(jù)。本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】環(huán)境屬于多層次、多介質(zhì)、多元動態(tài)系統(tǒng)，環(huán)境分析化學(xué)要求分析研究對象的遷移變化規(guī)律等。本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)研究組分的含量低。尤其是存在于環(huán)境、野生動植物和人體組織中的持久性有機(jī)污染物（POPs）和環(huán)境激素等，須用超高靈敏度的分析設(shè)備和良好的凈化技術(shù)以及特異性的分離手段。本題答案：【正確】11、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)中，分析測試技術(shù)涉及的專業(yè)面越來越廣，綜合性越來越強(qiáng)。本題答案：【正確】12、【判斷題】環(huán)境分析化學(xué)與環(huán)境化學(xué)和環(huán)境監(jiān)測相比，具有顯著的學(xué)科前沿性與超前性。本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】擬定分析方案、選擇分析方法時，需要考慮的因素不包括完成測定的時間。本題答案：【錯誤】14、【判斷題】現(xiàn)代環(huán)境分析化學(xué)幾乎動用了所有的現(xiàn)代分析化學(xué)的最新測試技術(shù)和手段，已發(fā)展成為內(nèi)容浩繁、將化學(xué)和環(huán)境科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)深度融合的交叉性學(xué)科。本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】Sampleconsistsoftwoparts,thematrixwhichisthesubstancetobedetermined,andtherestofthesamplewhichcomprisestheanalyte.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Wheretheaimistoidentifyordetectthepresenceofaspeciesqualitativeanalysisiscarriedout.Incircumstanceswheretheamountofasubstancepresentismeasured,quantitativeanalysisisused.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】重量法、容量法、光譜法和質(zhì)譜法都是分析方法，不是分析技術(shù)。本題答案：【錯誤】18、【判斷題】在確定環(huán)境分析目標(biāo)時，分析化學(xué)家最好與環(huán)境科學(xué)家有一個充分的協(xié)商。本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】Samplingcanbedividedintofollowingtypes:Hypothesisguidedsampling，randomsampling，systematicsamplingandstratifiedsampling本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】Standardmaterialsusedshouldhaveacomposition,whichiscloselysimilartothesample,bothitsanalyteconcentrationandmatrix.本題答案：【正確】Chapter2單元作業(yè)Chapter2單元測驗(yàn)1、【單選題】Foranymeasurementthereisanultimatelycorrectvaluewhichisknownasthe.本題答案：【trueresult】2、【單選題】issimplythedifferencebetweenanexperimentalresultandthetrueresult.本題答案：【error】3、【單選題】Theclosenessofanexperimentalresulttothetrueresultisknownasits.本題答案：【accuracy】4、【單選題】Theclosenessofanexperimentalresulttoanotherexperimentalresultisknownasits.本題答案：【precision】5、【單選題】referstovariationswherereplicatemeasurementsaremadeundercloselycontrolledcircumstancesinoneplaceandinashorttimescale.本題答案：【repeatability】6、【單選題】applieswhentimeandplaceandothercircumstancesmaydiffersubstantially,butwiththemethodremainingostensiblythesame.本題答案：【reproducibility】7、【單選題】Thenumericaldifferencebetweenthehighestandlowestvaluesinadatasetisknownasits.本題答案：【rangeorspread】8、【單選題】Thearithmeticaverageofasetofdataisknownasits.本題答案：【mean】9、【單選題】Ifdataareunsymmetricallydistributedtheymaybebestrepresentedbythemostfrequentlyoccurringvalue,i.e.theonecorrespondingtothepeakofthedistributioncurve.Thisisknownasthe.本題答案：【mode】10、【單選題】Inasetofdataof2.9,5.7,3.8,4.2,7.7,5.2,9.4,themedianis.本題答案：【5.2】11、【單選題】Theprecisionisusuallyexpressedbythe.本題答案：【relativestandarddeviation】12、【單選題】Indeterminateerrorcanbetracedtosourcessuchas:本題答案：【smallvariationsintemperature】13、【單選題】用AAS法測定某樣品中鋅的含量，得到如下結(jié)果：4.22,3.95，4.12，4.19，4.05(?g/g)，經(jīng)計算，其Q值為.本題答案：【0.37】14、【判斷題】Thetrueresultisneverknown.本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】Forestimatingthesignificanceofanerror,theabsoluteerrorismoreusefulthantherelativeerror.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Theabsoluteerrorisquotedinthesameunitsasthemeasurement.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】Adegreeoffreedomisanindependentvariable.本題答案：【正確】18、【判斷題】variancesareadditiveandtheoverallvarianceforaprocessmaybeestimatedbysummingtheindividualvariancesforitsconstituentparts.本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】兩個實(shí)驗(yàn)室采用同一方法對同一樣品中的某元素進(jìn)行了分析，測得結(jié)果如下：第一組6.16.95.96.26.76.0第二組6.36.25.75.55.4如果該樣品的推薦值為5.5(mg/g)經(jīng)計算比較（90%的置信水平），兩組數(shù)據(jù)的精密度有顯著性差異。本題答案：【錯誤】20、【判斷題】上題中，經(jīng)計算比較（90%的置信水平），兩組數(shù)據(jù)的平均值有顯著性差異。本題答案：【正確】Chapter3單元作業(yè)Chapter3單元測驗(yàn)1、【單選題】根據(jù)樣品的性質(zhì)來劃分，形態(tài)可以劃分為金屬元素形態(tài)、土壤和沉積物中金屬元素形態(tài)和大氣顆粒物形態(tài)。本題答案：【水體中】2、【單選題】表征與測定元素（或污染物）在環(huán)境中存在的各種物理和化學(xué)形態(tài)的稱為形態(tài)分析。本題答案：【過程】3、【單選題】森林土壤中，更易被降水淋溶而遷移。本題答案：【Pb4+比Pb2+】4、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【1mol/LNaAc–HAc，pH5.0】5、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【0.04mol/LNH2OH·HCl+4.4mol/LHAc，96℃】6、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取可交換態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【1mol/LMgCl2或NH4Ac，pH7.0】7、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【0.02mol/LHNO3+H2O2pH2.0,85℃,3.2mol/LNH4Ac+3mol/LHNO3】8、【單選題】在Tessier法中，提取殘渣態(tài)的溶劑是。本題答案：【HF+HClO4】9、【單選題】是準(zhǔn)確形態(tài)分析的主要手段。本題答案：【聯(lián)用技術(shù)】10、【多選題】金屬與土壤和沉積物組分的結(jié)合形態(tài)，是根據(jù)特定的提取劑和提取步驟來定義的。目前，有代表性的分類方法主要有：本題答案：【Tessier法#Cambrell法#Shuman法#BCR法】11、【多選題】形態(tài)分析采樣時需要考慮的主要問題有：本題答案：【樣品的種類#樣品的大致濃度范圍#基體的種類及均勻程度#所用分析方法的特殊性】12、【判斷題】Speciationmaybedefinedasthedifferentphysico-chemicalformsofanelementwhichtogethercompriseitstotalconcentrationinagivensample.本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】根據(jù)形態(tài)的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)來劃分，形態(tài)包括物理和化學(xué)形態(tài)。物理形態(tài)包括粒度、溶解度、密度、膠體等；化學(xué)形態(tài)包括價態(tài)、化合態(tài)、結(jié)合態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)態(tài)。本題答案：【正確】14、【判斷題】化學(xué)形態(tài)分析包括篩選形態(tài)分析、分組形態(tài)分析、分配形態(tài)分析和個體形態(tài)分析等本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】化學(xué)形態(tài)分析分為準(zhǔn)確定量形態(tài)分析和按操作定義的形態(tài)分析。本題答案：【正確】16、【判斷題】砷形態(tài)的毒性順序?yàn)?三氧化二砷（砒霜）砷化氫亞砷酸砷酸鹽砷酸砷。本題答案：【錯誤】17、【判斷題】順序（分步）提取法的基本原理是：模擬自然和人為的環(huán)境條件變化，按從弱到強(qiáng)的原則，合理使用一系列選擇性試劑，連續(xù)溶解不同結(jié)合態(tài)痕量元素的礦物相，將樣品中不同賦存狀態(tài)的元素解析出來，最后分別進(jìn)行測定。本題答案：【正確】18、【判斷題】形態(tài)分析時，樣品貯存要考慮光照、微生物（生物甲基化或生物降解）、溫度、pH、貯存容器材料（吸附或污染）的對元素化學(xué)形態(tài)的影響，保持化學(xué)形態(tài)的完整性。本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】溶解態(tài)金屬的形態(tài)分析技術(shù)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)法(或叫直接法)和計算機(jī)模擬法（計算法）兩大類。本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】模擬計算法是根據(jù)熱力學(xué)平衡原理，計算時考慮到處于平衡狀態(tài)下溶解態(tài)金屬的水解、聚合、絡(luò)合、膠體形成和吸附等因素對金屬形態(tài)的影響，通過計算，估算出水體中可能存在的金屬形態(tài)及其濃度。本題答案：【正確】Chapter4單元作業(yè)Chapter4單元測驗(yàn)1、【單選題】1.Therearenaturallyoccurringelementsontheearth.本題答案：【90】2、【單選題】Inbiologicalsystemselementscanbebasicallygroupedinto.本題答案：【A+B+C】3、【單選題】Fromabiologicalviewpoint,traceelementsaremostconvenientlyclassifiedinto:.本題答案：【essential,non-essentialandtoxic】4、【單選題】Thetraceelementsessentialforplantsarethoseelementswhichcannotbesubstitutedbyothersintheirspecificbiochemicalrolesandthathaveadirectinfluenceontheorganismsothatitcanneithergrownorcompletesomemetabolic.本題答案：【roles】5、【單選題】Insystems,traceelementsaredefinedasbeingessentialifdepletionconsistentlyresultsinadeficiencysyndromeandrepletionspecificallyreversestheabnormalities.本題答案：【humanandanimal】6、【單選題】Thephysiologicalrolesoftheessentialtraceelementsrelatetotheirassociationwithsystems.本題答案：【enzyme】7、【單選題】Theearth’scrustisthesourceofallthenaturaltraceelementsofthevariousenvironmental,geologicalandmarinesystems.本題答案：【primordial】8、【單選題】Theearth’scrustcontainsfreetraceelements.本題答案：【veryfew】9、【單選題】Soilsareconsideredasfortraceelements,andthereforetheyplayanimportantroleintheenvironmentalcyclingofelements.本題答案：【sinks】10、【單選題】Bacteriainthetopsediment-waterinterfacecanstronglyinfluencethechemicalformandtoxicityofvarioustraceelements.本題答案：【chemicalformandtoxicity】11、【單選題】Thepurposesformostwatersamplestobefiltratedimmediatelyfollowingcollectionaretoremove.本題答案：【algae,bacteriaandparticulatematter】12、【單選題】Freezedryingisthepreferredmethodforremovingmoisturefromsampleswithouttraceelementlossesorcontamination.本題答案：【plantandanimal】13、【多選題】Themostdesirablefeaturesofsampledigestionmethodsare：.本題答案：【Theabilitytodissolvethesamplecompletely(noinsolubleresidues)#reasonablyquickandalwayssafe#nopossiblesourcesofsamplelossthroughvolatibility,adsorptionontothewallsofthevessel#eliminationofsamplecontaminationfromthereagentsusedinthedissolutionprocess】14、【多選題】Theanalyticaltechniquesformeasuringtraceelementsinenvironmentalsamplesinclude:本題答案：【AAS,AFS,ICP-OESorICP-AES#NAA,XRF,PIXE,SSMS,IDMS#electrochemical(anodicstrippingvoltammetryandpolarography)#inductivelycoupledplasma—massspectrometry(ICP-MS)】15、【判斷題】Theelementalcompositionoftheearth’scrustispredominantlyH,O,C,N,Ca,P,KandCl,whereasthehumanbodyisO,Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Na,K,andMg.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Elementaldistributionisverycomplexanddependentuponmanyphysicalandchemicalfactors,includingenergeticradiation,weathering,pH,redoxproperties,solubility,etc.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】Duetotheirlowconcentration,manyofthetraceelementsarenotimportantforthegrowth,development,andhealthoflivingorganisms.本題答案：【錯誤】18、【判斷題】Inbiologicalsystemsthemajorelementsmaintainelectrolytebalanceprocesseswhiletheminorelementsactasstructuralcomponents.本題答案：【錯誤】19、【判斷題】Thetraceelementcompositionofanimalandhumantissuesorfluidisdirectlyrelatedtothetraceelementcontentandbioavailabilityinthesoilorsediment-plant-animal-humanfoodchain.本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】Theimpactofwaterpollutiondependsuponthemagnitudeoftraceelementinput,durationofinput,physicalandchemicalformandassociatedligandsorchemicals.本題答案：【正確】Chapter5單元作業(yè)Chapter5單元測驗(yàn)1、【單選題】Environmentalanalysismaybelimited1111tosurroundingenvironment,wherewemayinvestigatethepresenceofunnaturalorunwantedmaterialsin.本題答案：【Alloftheabove】2、【單選題】Techniquessuchasandinfrared(IR,紅外)spectroscopywhichhavebeentraditionallyusedasaidsinidentificationratherthanforquantitationaremostapplicable.本題答案：【Nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)】3、【單選題】Environmentorganicpollutantsinclude,alcoholsandphenols,anilinesandbenzidines(聯(lián)苯氨),chlorinatedsolvents,etc.本題答案：【Alloftheabove】4、【單選題】Methodscommonlyusedfortraceorganicanalysiscanbeassignedtooneofthreesubdivisions:samplepreparation,anddetection.本題答案：【Chromatography】5、【單選題】canbechosenforextractingchlorinatedpesticideresidues,henceseparationbygaschromatographyandquantitationusinganelectroncapturedetector.本題答案：【Hexane】6、【單選題】Ingeneral,thefirstcommonstepinmostprotocolsforsamplepreparationis.本題答案：【Maceration】7、【單選題】Oncethesolutionhasbeenreducedtoasmallvolume,ca.cm3(mL),itisbettertoremovethesamplefromheataltogether.本題答案：【5】8、【單選題】InGC,cannotbeselectedasthemoreselectivedetectorsforconventionalcapillarycolumn.本題答案：【Thermalconductivitydetector】9、【單選題】HPLCisofmostutilitywheretheorganicanalyteshave.本題答案：【Alloftheabove.】10、【單選題】GC-MSismostprobablythemostpowerfultoolavailablefortheanalysisoftraceorganicmaterialsbecauseofitsinherenthighandgoodsensitivity.本題答案：【Selectivity】11、【單選題】TheanalysisofPAHsinair-borneparticularmatterisoftenconductedusingHPLCcombinedwithdetection.本題答案：【Fluorescence】12、【判斷題】Itissimplyamatterofdegreeorconcentrationthatseparatesthenoxiousfromtheinnocuous.本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】Ageneralguidelineisthatifamaterialhasadamagingeffectatmedianorlowconcentrations.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheirchemicalactivity,andthebiologicalsystemunderinvestigation.本題答案：【錯誤】14、【判斷題】Thephase‘likedissolveslike’bestdescribestheapproachtosuccessfulanalyteseparation.本題答案：【正確】15、【判斷題】Themorepolarorganochlorineandorganophosphorusresidueshadaloweraffinityforacetonitrilethanhexaneresultinginhigherrecoveries.本題答案：【錯誤】16、【判斷題】Inliquid-liquidpartition,theinterfaceisaphysicalbarrierwhichbarstheexchangeofsolventmolecules,butpermitsthemigrationofsolute(theanalyte)inbothdirections.本題答案：【正確】17、【判斷題】Inconcentrationstepwhensamplepreparation,someonecanreducethevolumeofsolventasquicklyaspossiblebytheapplicationoftoomuchheat.本題答案：【錯誤】18、【判斷題】Theaimofascreeninginmultiresidueanalysisistodeterminewhichenvironmentalsamplesubmittedmaybecontaminatedornot.本題答案：【正確】19、【判斷題】InMS,thefragmentationpatterncanbeusedasafingerprinttopositivelyidentifytheanalytepresent.本題答案：【正確】20、【判斷題】AminesaredifficulttoworkwithbyLCbecausethechromatogramsdisplaytailingpeakscausedbytheadsorptionofthesampleontothesupportorinternalcolumnsurface.本題答案：【錯誤】Chapter6單元作業(yè)Chapter6單元測驗(yàn)1、【單選題】Thetermecotoxicologyisusedtodefinethebranchoftoxicologyconcernedwiththestudyoftheeffectsofnaturalandman-made(anthropogenic)substancesonthebiotic(living)andabiotic(non-living)componentsofthebiosphere本題答案：【toxic】2、【單選題】Atoxicantisanagentthathasaharmfuleffectonabiologicalsystematlevels,fromthesubcellular,throughwholeorganismstocommunitiesandentireecosystems.本題答案：【all】3、【單選題】Themostimportantfactorsinfluencingthetoxicityofasubstanceareitspropertiesasthesedetermineitsbiologicalactivityatthecellularlevel,whichinturndictatesitsimpactathigherstructurallevelsinabiologicalsystem.本題答案：【physicochemical】4、【單選題】Whereaneffectoccursattheprimarysiteofcontactbetweenanorganismandatoxicant,itistermedaeffect.本題答案：【local】5、【單選題】Thegraphdescribingtheofabiologicalsystemtoatoxicantoverarangeofconcentrationsisknownasthedose-responsecurve.本題答案：【response】6、【單選題】Fromthedose/concentration-responsecurveofatoxicant,itcanbeseenthat本題答案：【A+B+C】7、【單選題】LC50representstheatwhich50%ofthetestpopulationiskilled.本題答案：【concentration】8、【單選題】LD50representstheLethalofasubstancethatcausesthedeathof50%oftestorganisms本題答案：【dose】9、【單選題】EC50referstotheconcentrationofasubstancethatproducesachangeinsublethalbehaviororphysiologicalresponsein50%oftestorganisms.本題答案：【effective】10、【單選題】TC50representstheconcentrationatwhichasubstanceproducesaresponsein50%oftestorganisms.本題答案：【toxic】11、【多選題】Ecotoxicologicaleffectscanbebroadlycl